英语作格构块式的认知研究

本文运用“激进构块语法”(R ad ica l Construction G ramm ar)和“语法化”(G ramm atica lization)理论,研究英语作格构块式(ergative construction)。本文认为,英语作格构块的句法结构和语义结构之间是象征关系;句法结构是事物对象之间常规关系在语言中的影射,是相关语用、语义因素语法化的结果。

说“太A了一点”格式

“太A了一点”是现代汉语量级表达形式之一。本文通过对格式的分析得出了“太A了一点”是一个委婉否定格式的结论，表达说话人不认同、不满意，同时也表达说话人对听话人的一种委婉建议。

Role of cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms in pancreatic carcinogenesis

AIM:To evaluate the clinical significance of-765G/C and-1195G/A cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene polymorphisms in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).METHODS:The study included 201 patients:85 with PC and 116 healthy controls.-765G/C and-1195G/A COX-2 gene polymorphisms were studied in DNA isolated from blood samples.The associations of the analyzed genotypes and clinical data at diagnosis were evaluated.RESULTS:We found an increased frequency of the homozygous-1195AA COX-2 genotype in patients with PC (53.7%) compared with the control group (21%) (P < 0.01).In contrast,the distribution of genotypeand allele frequencies of the-765G/C COX-2 polymorphism in the PC patients were not different from those in control groups.A correlation between presence of homozygous-1195AA COX-2 genotype and tumor size > 3 cm was observed (P < 0.05).Analyzed polymorphisms were unrelated to the patients' sex and age,nor to the presence of regional or distant metastases.CONCLUSION:These preliminary results indicate that the-1195G/A COX-2 polymorphism may play an important role in PC prognosis and carcinogenesis.

From the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor -Analyzing the Heroine＇ s Resistance in The Scarlet Letter

Conceptual metaphor has always been the study focus of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphor is ubiquitous, cognitive and systematic. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his representative work The Scarlet Letter makes full use of the conceptual metaphor. A detailed description of the heroine Hester Prynne through the conceptual metaphor fully expresses Nathaniel Hawthorne＇ s feminist thoughts. Through the metaphorical analyses of the name Pearl, the scarlet letter ＂A＂, the forest and the scaffold this paper analyzes Hester Prynne＇ s resistant consciousness. On the basis of this, the positive social significance of the novel is explored.

Liver function alterations after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer and its clinical significance

AIM: To evaluate the factors associated with liver function alterations after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for gastric cancer. METHODS: We collected the data of gastrectomy patients with gastric cancer and divided them into 2 groups: open gastrectomy (OG) and LAG. We also collected the data of patients with colon cancer to evaluate the effect of liver manipulations during surgery on liver function alterations. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase were measured on the preoperative day and postoperative day 1 (POD1), POD3, POD5, and POD7. RESULTS: No changes in liver function were observed after the operation in patients with colon cancer (n = 121). However, in gastric cancer patients (n = 215), AST and ALT levels increased until POD5 compared to those in colon cancer patients and these findings were observed both in the LAG and OG without a significant difference except at POD1. The mean hepatic enzyme levels at POD1 in the LAG group were significantly higher than those in the OG group (P = 0.047 for AST and P = 0.039 for ALT). The factors associated with elevated ALT on POD1 in patients with gastric cancer were body mass index (P < 0.001), operation time (P < 0.001), intraoperative hepatic injury (P = 0.048), and ligation of an aberrant left hepatic artery (P = 0.052) but not type of operation (OG vs LAG, P = 0.094). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the liver function alteration after LAG may have been caused by direct liver manipulation or aberrant hepatic artery ligation rather than the CO2 pneumoperitoneum.

Interpretation of Symbolic Meaning of＂The Great Gatsby＂ by American Writer Fitzgerald

＂The Great Gatzby＂ is a novel written by American writer Fitzgerald, which was selected as one of the top hunderd excellent novels by American academic authority at the end of 20th Century. Since the birth of the novel, Fitzgerald has become one of the most important American writers. In this novel, the author has used many symbolic techniques, which makes the novel theme extend to the American Dream failure from the surface love tragic love story. This paper interpretes the symbolic meaning of novel from the three aspects of specific things, color symbol and character symbol.

The Fragmentation of the Female Selfhood in The Flight From the Enchanter

Iris Murdoch is a renowned female novelist and philosopher in the 20th century English literature. In her literary creation, she has a preference for male narration and holds a reserved attitude to women＇s movements with reluctance to be considered as a feminist writer, which permits her realistic depiction of female characters and dispassionate thought on women＇s problems. This paper, with the interpretation and redefinition of the concepts as consciousness, identity, and self in Murdoch＇s philosophy, analyzes the fragmented self of three female figures in The Flight from the Enchanter （1956） respectively from the perspectives of self-consciousness, identity, and self and reveals that the fragmentation of female selfhood is mainly due to the overwhelming male dominance in the gender relationship.

Clinical significance of CA125 regression in chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the serum CA125 regression in advanced ovarian carcinoma patients treated with paclitaxel/platinum (TP) and platinum/epirubicin/ifosfamide (PAC) during early chemotherapy.The relationship between survival and CA125 regression during first line chemotherapy was evaluated.Methods:This retrospective investigation assessed 122 and 95 patients with stages IIc-IV ovarian carcinoma who underwent initial surgery followed by TP or PAC chemotherapy,respectively.Only epithelial ovarian cancers were included.CA125 half-life was calculated by mono-compartmental logarithmic regression.Every patient's nadir CA125 concentration was also studied.T-test was used in comparing CA125 half-life and nadir CA125 between two groups.Survival analyses for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) used univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariate (Cox) models for all of the patients.Results:There was not significant difference in CA125 half-life and nadir CA125 concentration between two groups (P > 0.05).CA125 half-life and nadir CA125 concentration had a univariate prognostic value for PFS and OS (P < 0.0001) in all of the patients.However pre-chemotherapy CA125 and different chemotherapy agents were not prognostic factors for PFS and for OS (P > 0.05,for each).In Cox models,CA125 half-life (P=0.0006),residual tumour (P < 0.0001),and nadir concentration (P=0.0032) were significant prognostic factors for disease free survival (DFS).For OS,CA125 half-life (P=0.0013),residual tumor (P < 0.0001),and nadir concentration (P=0.0118) were also the significant prognostic factors.Conclusion:There isn't significant difference in serum CA125 regression between patients who are treated with PAC or PT during early chemotherapy.CA125 half-life and nadir CA125 concentration are independent prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer.

INACTIVATION OF P16 GENE IN LEUKEMIA

To determine the frequency of p16 gene inactivation in leukemia cells, and to evaluate their value in the prediction of their clinical outcome. Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from 48 patients with leukemia were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction(MPCR) to detect p16 gene homozygous deletion, and restriction enzyme PCR to detect p16 gene methylation. p16 gene inactivation were detected in 10 of the 48 patients(20.4%). They were five patients with p16 homozygous deletion, and five patients with p16 methylation, respectively. p16 gene inactivation correlates with adverse prognosis features. The patients with p16 inactivation had poor response to chemotherapy, and had significantly shorter survival times than the patients in whom p16 gene was preserved(P<0.001). The inactivation of p16 gene play a key role in the pathogenesis and the progression of some leukemia. The detection of p16 gene is reliable prognostic factor that predict shortened survival times.

The Bird Coming out of the Cage： Edna＇s Awakening in The Awakening

The Awakening was Kate Chopin＇s masterpiece, describing a wealthy businessman＇s wife--Edna＇s confusion, awakening, pursuit, and suffocation of self-awareness in the South of America in the late 19th century. With the method of close reading in new criticism, this paper reinterprets Edna＇s awakening process. Her awakening process is accompanied by the symbolic image of ＂bird＂, representing women＇s situation in the patriarchal society and carrying Edna＇s hope for freedom, love, and self-realization. The application of bird＇s symbolic image reflects Kate Chopin＇s compassion for women in the patriarchal society, making the novel more appealing with its profound humanitarian connotations.

RELATIONSHIP AMONG MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM OF FVII GENE PROMOTER REGION AND FVII ACTIVITY

Objective To explore the relationship among myocardial infarction (MI) , promoter regionpolymorphism of FVII gene and FVII activity in a Chinese population. Methods Denaturing gradient gel electro-phoresis technique was used to study promoter region polymorphism of FVII gene, and plasma FVII activity (FVIIC) was examined by one stage clotting assay in 74 cases with MI as well as 123 normal controls. Results An insertion/deletion polymorphism of 10bp was found in the promoter region. Plasma FVII activity was significantly higher in the myocardial infarction (P <0. 05). Conclusion Elevated FVII activity may be a risk factor for myocardial infarction. There is no correlation found between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of FVII gene promoter region and myocardial infarction in a Chinese population (74 MI cases and 123 normal controls).

On Application and Practice of Theory of Constructivism in English Teaching

With the reform of college English teaching, many new teaching methods have been applied to college English teaching. This article is based on constructivist theory to explore its application in college English teaching. Constructivism emphasizes student-centered, collaborative learning, self-learning and real learning environment. It emphasizes active leamers meaning construction.

Concomitant administration of gastric acid suppression might attenuates the clinical efficacy of gefitinib:a single cancer center retrospective study

Recent pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that gastric acid suppression(AS)reduces exposure of gefitinib.However,the clinical significance of this drug-drug interaction(DDI)has not been determined.We,therefore,evaluated it in this real-world study.A total of 200 NSCLC patients who received gefitinib from 2016 to 2018 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC)were randomly selected.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether AS was used.The clinical characteristics of the patients were collected,and the efficacy and safety of gefitinib were compared between the two groups.We showed that 188 patients were considered eligible for this retrospective analysis,49 received AS(AS user group),while 139 patients did not(AS non-user group).Objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)in the AS user group versus AS non-user group were 69.4%versus 73.4%(P=0.591)and 89.8%versus 90.6%(P=0.486),respectively,while the progression-free survival(PFS)were 9.7 versus 12.2 months(P=0.0644).No significant difference in ORR,DCR or PFS was observed between the two groups.Further study showed that the PFS was related to the time of co-administration,and the patients receiving over 50%AS prescription overlap with gefitinib was significantly less compared with the other people(8.4 vs 12.6 months,P=0.0004).The frequencies of rash(8.2%vs 15.1%,P=0.281),diarrhea(4.1%vs 6.5%,P=0.539)and elevated ALT or AST level(6.1%vs 10.1%,P=0.407)were similar for both groups.Therefore,concomitant use of AS and gefitinib might affect the efficacy of gefitinib,which should be avoided if possible.

SPECIAL ISSUE： A DISCUSSION ON THE SOURCE OF MEANING OF LITERARY WORKS The Relational Attributes of the Meaning of Literary Works

The meaning of literary works arises from the reception and transformation of the works by their receivers. It is through understanding via experience that this work-receiver relationship is realized in literary reception. In literary reception, meaning assumes multiple forms, including the perceptual and experiential form, the universal and general form, and the historical and continuous form. The realistic foundation of meaning is pluralistic; it is the unfolding of structurality and contextuality of the real history in literary reception and transformation. The reality＇s deconstruction and construction of the historical structure appear in the form of specific issues and draw the attention of reception, and give rise to the expectation of meaning in this reception. The reception of meaning is based on such an expectation, so the meaning is constrained by the already existing expectation. Meaning has non-linguisticity, which comes from the non-linguisticity of the implications of literary works and that of literary reception, and is revealed in the interaction of the two in the receptive relations. The non-linguistic meaning is universal.

Sumoylation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and its significance in cancer

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)is a key heterodimeric transcription factor for the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia,a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors.The transcriptional activity,protein stabilization,protein-protein interactions and cellular localization of HIF-1α,an oxygen-sensitive subunit of HIF-1,are mainly modulated by various post-translational modifications.Recently,we reported that polycomb chromobox 4(Cbx4)governs the transcriptional activity of HIF-1αby enhancing its sumoylation at K391 and K477,through which Cbx4 potentiates angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the current knowledge of HIF-1α sumoylation and its roles in the pathogenesis of cancer.

SPECIAL ISSUE： A DISCUSSION ON THE SOURCE OF MEANING OF LITERARY WORKS A Brief Discussion of the Generation of Meaning in Literary Works： A Hermeneutic Examination

The sources of meanings of literary works can be reviewed from various angles, one of which should be hermeneutics. Since the mid-20~ century, Western hermeneutics developed two important types of theories： one was the ontological hermeneutics from Martin Heidegger to Hans-Georg Gadamer, orientated towards the reader-centered theory in terms of the view of meanings; the other was the ＂hermeneutics as the general methodology of the Geisteswissenschaften＂ represented by Italian philosopher Emilio Betti, which affirmed that the author （subject） was one of the important sources of meanings of works. Due to intricate reasons, the latter exerted less influence, and Gadamer＇s ontological hermeneutics firmly stuck to a mainstay position in European and American academia. Since the 1990s, the circle of literature in China has also been greatly influenced by the hermeneutic theories from Heidegger and Gadamer to reception aesthetics, and Betti＇s impact almost can be neglected. Consequently, the view of meanings of literary works from the perspective of the reader-centered theory has been widely accepted, and the role of the author to endow initial meanings to his works was belittled and even denied. Since Zhang Jiang advanced the theory of ＂imposed interpretation＂ in 2014, academia has begun to reflect upon the one-sidedness of the reader-centered theory （relativism and subjectivism）, and pick up the significance, which cannot be denied, of the author＇s meaning in the generation of meanings of literary works. In reference to Betti＇s hermeneutic train of thought and methodology, this essay, based on the practice of literary creation, concludes that the meaning of a literary work is created by the author and readers together in their interaction, and constantly generated in the dynamic process of the three factors of author, literary texts and readers, rather than by the author alone, or by readers solely.

The Secret of ＂Secret Germany＂： An Unknown Story behind ＂Operation Valkyrie＂

Operation Valkyrie, a significant event in the Second World War that almost changed the course of world history, is delineated in the best-seller Secret Germany, which was introduced into China in 2011. In this book, much ink has been spilled over the cause and effects of the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but the title of the book seems out of place, considering that nowhere in the book has the author touched upon the connection, internal or external, between Secret Germany and Operation Valkyrie. Drawing on historical documents, this paper intends to dig into the spiritual inheritance passed down from Secret Germany and its founder, Stefan George, to Stauffen berg, the main operator of Operation Valkyrie, to examine the true motive behind Stauffenberg＇s self-sacrifice for the salvation of Germany and to reveal the historical significance and value of Secret Germany, which shook the soul of 20th century German intelligentsia.