试析创新思维在动画专业教学中的感性应用

传统思维模式以及应试思维模式对动画专业教学影响非常大，导致很多动画专业学生，他们的思维定势严重。在学习过程中缺乏活跃性、主动性、创造性，文章分析了创新思维在动画感性中的认识。

Dendritic Cells Algorithm and Its Application to Nmap Portscan Detection

Dendritic Cells Algorithm （DCA） is a new development in Artificial Immune System （AIS）. It has various parameters, and as yet has not been ex- tensively tested. The general applicability of the al- gorithm to a variety of problems is d. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feas^ility and ro- bustness of the algorithm, and the sensitivity to the change of various parameters in a series of experi- ments for Nmap portscan detection by using DCA. Experiment results show that the algorithm per- forms well on the task of detecting a ping based Nmap portscan. Sensitivity analysis is also per- formed. True positive rate is higher for the detec- tion of anomaly processes and false positive rate is lower for the detection of normal orocesses.

Cavity noise sensitivity analysis of tire contour design factors and application of contour optimization methodology

Cavity resonance noise of passenger car tires is generated by interacting excitation between a tire structure and the fill gas (air), and generally lies in a frequency range of 200?250 Hz. As such, this noise is strongly perceived and may be a serious source of driver annoyance. Thus, many studies regarding the cavity noise mechanism and its reduction have already been conducted. In this work, a vibro-acoustic coupled analysis was conducted between a tire structure and air cavity. Using this analysis, we can more accurately simulate the tire noise performance in the region of the cavity resonance frequency. An analysis of the effects of variation of tire contour design factors was conducted, using design-of-experiments methods. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was performed using in-house codes to reduce the cavity noise level while minimizing the loss of other performances, such as diminished ride comfort and handling caused by the variations of contour. As a result of this optimization, an optimized contour shape was derived, which satisfied the multi-objective performances.

Prophylactic antibiotics for variceal hemorrhage: Clostridium difficile infection still can be a risk

Bron et al presented a retrospective study regarding the prophylactic use of antibiotics for variceal hemorrhage. Antibiotics appeared to improve the survival rate of patients without increasing clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We argue against the conclusion of the authors and consider that this result may be simply due to concurrent use of metronidazole, a therapeutic agent against CDI.

Recent advances in small bowel diseases:Part Ⅰ

As is the case in all parts of gastroenterology and hepatology,there have been many advances in our knowledge and understanding of small intestinal diseases.Over 1000 publications were reviewed for 2008 and 2009,and the important advances in basic science as well as clinical applications were considered.In Part Ⅰ of this Editorial Review,seven topics are considered:intestinal development;proliferation and repair;intestinal permeability;microbiotica,infectious diarrhea and probiotics;diarrhea;salt and water absorption;necrotizing enterocolitis;and immunology/allergy.These topics were chosen because of their importance to the practicing physician.

Healthcare Algorithms by Wearable Inertial Sensors: A Survey

Wearable smart devices, such as smart watch, wristband are becoming increasingly popular recently. They generally integrate the MEMS-designed inertial sensors, including accelerometer, gyroscope and compass, which provide a convenient and inexpensive way to collect motion data of users. Such rich, continuous motion data provide great potential for remote healthcare and decease diagnosis. Information processing algorithms play the critical role in these approaches, which is to extract the motion signatures and to access different kinds of judgements. This paper reviews key algorithms in these areas. In particular, we focus on three kinds of applications: 1) gait analysis; 2) fall detection and 3) sleep monitoring. They are the most popular healthcare applications based on the inertial data. By categorizing and introducing the key algorithms, this paper tries to build a clear map of how the inertial data are processed; how the inertial signatures are defined, extracted, and utilized in different kinds of applications. This will provide a valuable guidance for users to understand the methodologies and to select proper algorithm for specifi c application purpose.

Applications of Water Sensitivity In Situ Remediation at Saltwater-Freshwater Interface

Based on the laboratory experiments with the saltwater and freshwater replacing each other in the level sand column, taking the kaolin, illite, smectite, bivalent hydrargyrum ion （Hg^2＋） and ＂phenol （C6H5OH） as examples, this paper studies the applications of water sensitivity in situ remediation in saltwater-freshwater transition zone. In the water sensitivity process, the release and migration of clay minerals can make the hydraulic conductivity （HC） decrease and pollutants remove. A new type of low penetrable or impenetrable purdah can be built by adding clay minerals into the sand media to replace the underground concrete impenetrable wall to prevent seawater intrusion, and a number of the heavy metals and organic pollutants in the sand media can be removed by in situ remediation. The results show that the content of kaolin and illite influences the water sensitivity process slightly, and HC of the sand columns descends from 0.011 cm/s to 0.001 4 cm/s and 0.001 2 cm/s respectively even if the content reaches 12% （weight ratio, sic passim）. However, for smectite, HC descends sharply to about 1 × 10^-8 cm/s when its content reaches 4%, and no water can flow through the sand columns beyond 5%. The particle release and migration processes can remove the Hg^2＋ and C6HsOH out of the sand columns efficiently, the removing rate of Hg^2＋ is 31.68% when the freshwater and saltwater are filtered through the sand columns polluted by Hg^2＋, while it is 67.55% when the water sensitivity occurs. With the same method, the removing rates of C6H5OH under the fluid flow and water sensitivity are 55.71% and 43.43% respectively.

Amino Acid Sensing Using an Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor

Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor （ISFET）-based biosensor for amino acids was proposed, and the response of the sensor to amino acids was evaluated. As a molecular recognition element, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase which would be expected to have high selectivity for the corresponding amino acids was used, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was coated onto an ISFET electrode, and the response of the biosensor to amino acids was evaluated. The amino acid sensor for tyrosine showed a selective response to tyrosine because of the specific binding ability of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for tyrosine and from 300μM to 900 μM of tyrosine could be measured （r2 〉 0.969）.

Inappropriate use of empirical antibiotics in adults with acute infectious diarrhea in a large teaching hospital

Overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of acute diarrhea is very common. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics in adults with acute infectious diarrhea and to evaluate the association between the use of antibiotics and clinical features. To achieve this aim, we reviewed 4891 patients＇ medical records from Apr. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Of the total 4891 cases, 30.5% had clinical features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, 48.1% were prescribed with antibiotics, and 20.3% received inappropriate antibiotic treatment. Of note, 19% involved unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in non-indicated cases, which accounted for 39.4% of all antibiotics prescribed in the total 4891 patients. There was no significant differences between physicians and medical trainees in the inappropriate use of antibiotics （P = 1.0）. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that except for body temperature, other clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, tenesmus, and faecal WBC count （〉10 cells/HPF） were associated with the use of antibiotics. In addition, other clinical indicators including vomiting, stool frequency of 5-10 times/d, mucous stool, and fecal WBC count of 1-10 cells/HPF, which are not normally indicators for prescribing antibiotics, were also associated with the use of antibiotics. This might suggest that these symptoms were mistaken as features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, thus leading to the overuse of antibiotics.

Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity and linear response over a wide pressure range based on soft micropillared electrodes

Electronic skins and flexible pressure sensors are important devices for advanced healthcare and intelligent robotics.Sensitivity is a key parameter of flexible pressure sensors.Whereas introducing surface microstructures in a capacitive-type sensor can significantly improve its sensitivity,the signal becomes nonlinear and the pressure response range gets much narrower,significantly limiting the applications of flexible pressure sensors.Here,we designed a pressure sensor that utilizes a nanoscale iontronic interface of an ionic gel layer and a micropillared electrode,for highly linear capacitance-to-pressure response and high sensitivity over a wide pressure range.The micropillars undergo three stages of deformation upon loading:initial contact(0-6 k Pa)and structure buckling(6-12 k Pa)that exhibit a low and nonlinear response,as well as a post-buckling stage that has a high signal linearity with high sensitivity(33.16 k Pa-1)over a broad pressure range of 12-176 k Pa.The high linearity lies in the subtle balance between the structure compression and mechanical matching of the two materials at the gel-electrode interface.Our sensor has been applied in pulse detection,plantar pressure mapping,and grasp task of an artificial limb.This work provides a physical insight in achieving linear response through the design of appropriate microstructures and selection of materials with suitable modulus in flexible pressure sensors,which are potentially useful in intelligent robots and health monitoring.

Construction of OVA-stabilized fluorescent gold nanoclusters for sensing glucose

Protein protected gold nanoclusters have outstanding physical and chemical properties that make them excellent scaffolds for the construction of novel chemical and biological probes. In this study, a simple one-pot synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of fluorescent probes based on ovalbumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters. This strategy allowed the generation of water-soluble gold nanoclusters within 5 min. The as-prepared fluorescent probe exhibited a red fluorescence emission at 625 nm, and good thermostability. The fluorescent probe was applied to measure glucose concentrations based on the hydrogen peroxide-induced fluorescence quenching principle, and showed favorable biocompatibility, high sensitivity and good selectivity. As a result of the advantageous properties and performance of this fluorescent probe, the present assay allowed for the selective determination of glucose in the range of 5.0×10-6 to 10.0×10-3 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0×10?6 mol/L. Moreover, the glucose content in urinary samples was analyzed using the constructed fluorescent probe: this indicated the potential of the fluorescent gold nanoclusters for applications in biological and clinical diagnosis and therapy.

A NOVEL APPLICATION OF A CLASSICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE BASIC REPRODUCTIVE NUMBER, Ro FOR A GENDER AND RISK STRUCTURED TRANSMISSION DYNAMIC MODEL OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION

Mathematical models are increasingly being used in the evaluation of control strategies for infectious disease such as the vaccination program for the Human PapiUomavirus （HPV）. Here, an ordinary differential equation （ODE） transmission dynamic model for HPV is presented and analyzed. Parameter values for a gender and risk structured model are estimated by calibrating the model around the known prevalence of infection. The effect on gender and risk sub-group prevalence induced by varying the epidemiological parameters are investigated. Finally, the outcomes of this model are applied using a classical mathematical method for calculating R0 in a heterogeneous mixing population. Estimates for R0 under various gender and mixing scenarios are presented.

Constructing hydrophobic protection for ionic interactions toward water,acid,and base-resistant self-healing elastomers and electronic devices

Dynamically crosslinked materials generally lose their self-healing ability and mechanical robustness in aqueous,acidic,and basic environments due to disruption of their dynamic interactions and bonds.Herein,a micelle-like structure with a hydrophobic outer layer is used to protect ionic interactions.This structure ensures the self-healing and long-term stability of the ionically crosslinked elastomers in aqueous,acidic,and basic environments.The elastomer possesses a tensile strength of 6.7 MPa and a strain at break of 1400%,which is superior to the existing waterproof selfhealing elastomers.The strain sensors and dielectric actuators based on the elastomer are highly stable and self-healable,even in extremely harsh environments.This design strategy of hydrophobic protection for dynamic interactions is quite general,allowing it to be extended to other self-healing materials.

Dynamical analysis of a class of hepatitis C virus infection models with application of optimal control

In this paper, we deal with the problem of optimal control of a deterministic model of hepatitis C virus （HCV）. In the first part of our analysis, a mathematical modeling of HCV dynamics which can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy as fixed controls has been presented and analyzed which incorporates two mechanisms： infection by free virions and the direct cell-to-cell transmission. Basic reproduction number is calculated and the existence and stability of equilibria are investigated. In the second part, the optimal control problem representing drug treatment strategies of the model is explored considering control parameters as time-dependent in order to minimize not only the population of infected cells but also the associated costs. At the end of the paper, the impact of combination of the strategies in the control of HCV and their effectiveness are compared by numerical simulation.

Organic transistor for bioelectronic applications

Organic field-effect transistors(OFETs) are recently considered to be attractive candidate for bioelectronic applications owing to their prominent biocompatibility,intrinsical flexibility,and potentially low cost associated with their solution processibility.Over the last few years,bioelectronic-application-motivated OFETs have attracted increasing attention towards next generation of biosensors,healthcare elements and artificial neural interfaces.This mini review highlights the basic principles and recent progress in OFET based bioelectronics devices.The key strategies and the forecast perspectives of this research field are also briefly summarized.