文艺创作在活化县区级文物中的应用

文物活化利用的形式目前尚有较大拓展空间。县区级文物受关注度低,表面化的宣传难以达到活化目的,适宜根据基层特点,通过文艺创作,充分利用艺术的感性优势实现文物的活化,拉近文物与现代人之间的距离,进一步拓宽文物的文化辐射范围。在文艺创作的诸多门类中,故事性文学更具传播广度、深度以及延伸性再创作空间,值得提倡推广。

Antialgal Activities of Allelochemical Extracts from 3 Terrestrial Plant Species

[Objective] The aim was to study the antialgal activities of allelochemical extracts from three terrestrial plant species.[Method] The allelochemicals were extracted from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora,Sophora japonica f.pendula and Buxus sinica （Rehd.et Wils.） Cheng by alcohol extraction,n-hexane,ethyl acetate and n-utanol phase.Furthermore antialgal activities of all components were determined.[Result] The active substances of M.grandiflora mainly existed in n-hexane and n-butanol phases.The active substances of S.japonica mainly existed in n-hexane phase,while the active substances of B.sinica mainly existed in ethyl acetate and aqueous phase.All the active substances showed significant antialgal activity （50% inhibition） after culture for 1 d except aqueous phase of B.sinica.In addition,inhibition rates of the tested phases increased with the increasing of culture duration and testing concentrations.The inhibition rates were over 90% against the growth of M.aeruginosa after culture for 7 d.The n-hexane and n-butanol phases of M.grandiflora exhibited the best antialgal activity,over 96% inhibition rate at the concentration of 25 μg/ml,which was significantly higher than those of the other components,furthermore it could cause shrinkage and obvious surface inanition of Microcystis aeruginosa.[Conclusion] The n-hexane and n-butanol phases of M.grandiflora have the best inhibition activities on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa,so they are worthy of further study.

Commercial Application of Polymetallic Reforming Catalysts PRT

The commercial application results showed that the polymetallic reforming catalysts PRT exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. The performance of said catalysts could be restored completely through regeneration. After long period of operation, the activity of said catalysts still exhibited good sensitivity to temperature rise. Compared with the PR series catalysts, the PRT series catalysts had obviously better stability and lower coking rate.

略论电视节目主持人语言的要求

电视节目主持人以个人本色形象出现于屏幕，其语言可以更多地展示个人风采。而其语言的个人风采又要与主持人主观条件和栏目、节目内容相适应。主持人语言应当饱含情感性，注意与观众的情感交流；贴近生活，贴近观众；同时又要有典雅性，注意语言的书卷气和使用委婉语词。主持人语言应当与画面相配合，使之相互补充或相互转化。

Effect of catalytic activities of mixed nano ferrites of zinc and copper on decomposition kinetics of lanthanum oxalate hydrate

Nanostructured zinc-copper mixed ferrite was synthesized using sol-gel method. Different compositions of ferrite, Zn_((1-x))Cu_xFe_2O_4(x=0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75), characterized by XRD, reveal single phase inverse spinel in all the samples. With increasing copper content, the crystallite size increases. The surface morphology of all the samples, studied by SEM, shows porous structure of particles. The prepared samples were also analyzed by FT-IR and TEM. Catalytic activity of the samples was studied on lanthanum oxalate decomposition by thermogravimety.The rate constant k has the highest value with x=0.75 and 5%(mole fraction) of the catalyst and is attributed to high copper content, the mixed sites Cu^(2+)-Fe^+ and/or Cu^+-Fe^(2+) ion pairs besides the one component sites Cu^(2+)-Cu^+, Fe^(3+)-Fe^(2+), as a result of mutual charge interaction. In other words, the increasing activity of mixed oxides is attributed to increase in the content of active sites via creation of new ion pairs. With increasing Zn content, particle size increases. Variation of catalytic activity of ferrite powders is due to the changes of the valence state of catalytically active components of the ferrites, which oxidizes the carbon monoxide released from lanthanum oxalate.

The phenotype and activation status of regulatory T cells during Friend retrovirus infection

The suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells （Tregs） has been extensively studied and is well established for many diseases.The expansion,accumulation,and activation of Tregs in viral infections are of major interest in order to find ways to alter Treg functions for therapeutic benefit.Tregs are able to dampen effector T cell responses to viral infections and thereby contribute to the establishment of a chronic infection.In the Friend retrovirus （FV） mouse model,Tregs are known to expand in all infected organs.To better understand the characteristics of these Treg populations,their phenotype was analyzed in detail.During acute FV-infection,Tregs became activated in the spleen and bone marrow,as indicated by various T cell activation markers,such as CD43 and CD103.Interestingly,Tregs in the bone marrow,which contains the highest viral loads during acute infection,displayed greater levels of activation than Tregs from the spleen.Treg expansion was driven by proliferation but no FV-specific Tregs could be detected.Activated Tregs in FV-infection did not produce Granzyme B （GzmB） or tumor necrosis factor α （TNFα）,which are thought to be a potential mechanism for their suppressive activity.Furthermore,Tregs expressed inhibitory markers,such as TIM3,PD-1 and PD-L1.Blocking TIM3 and PD-L1 with antibodies during chronic FV-infection increased the numbers of activated Tregs.These data may have important implications for the understanding of Treg functions during chronic viral infections.

Perspectives in application of biosensors for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine

Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify specific substances. Thesemolecular recognition functions can be combined with the target, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and thebinding of enzymes to the substrate through the recognition process. Biosensor has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity, fast reaction speed, low cost and easy operation. It has wide application prospect in food, pharmacy,chemical industry, clinical examination, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and so on, especially as a newtechnology means, in the field of modern herbal medicine research influence. Studies have demonstrated that thebiosensing technology has been applied to, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） targets, isolation and purification ofTCM, the mechanism of TCM, quality control of TCM, the active ingredients detection of TCM and other basicresearches. Biosensor technology has made an important contribution to the research of modern herbal medicine, and hasbecome a Hot-spot in future research.

Understanding the Effect of the Exchange-Correlation Functionals on Methane and Ethane Formation over Ruthenium Catalysts

Density functional theory(DFT)has been established as a powerful research tool for heterogeneous catalysis research in obtaining key thermodynamic and/or kinetic parameters like adsorption energies,enthalpies of reaction,activation barriers,and rate constants.Understanding of density functional exchangecorrelation approximations is essential to reveal the mechanism and performance of a catalyst.In the present work,we reported the influence of six exchange-correlation density functionals,including PBE,RPBE,BEEF+vdW,optB86b+vdW,SCAN,and SCAN+rVV10,on the adsorption energies,reaction energies and activation barriers of carbon hydrogenation and carbon-carbon couplings during the formation of methane and ethane over Ru(0001)and Ru(1011)surfaces.We found the calculated reaction energies are strongly dependent on exchange-correlation density functionals due to the difference in coordination number between reactants and products on surfaces.The deviation of the calculated elementary reaction energies can be accumulated to a large value for chemical reaction involving multiple steps and vary considerably with different exchange-correlation density functionals calculations.The different exchange-correlation density functionals are found to influence considerably the selectivity of Ru(0001)surface for methane,ethylene,and ethane formation determined by the adsorption energies of intermediates involved.However,the influence on the barriers of the elementary surface reactions and the structural sensitivity of Ru(0001)and Ru(1011)are modest.Our work highlights the limitation of exchange-correlation density functionals on computational catalysis and the importance of choosing a proper exchange-correlation density functional in correctly evaluating the activity and selectivity of a catalyst.

STUDIES ON CULTIVAR-INDUCED CHANGES IN INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ITS RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF THE WHITE BACKED PLANTHOPPER, SOGATELLA FURCIFERA (HORVTH) (HOMOPTERA:DELPHACIDAE)

The susceptibility of Sogatella furcifera female adults on N22 to malathion increased as feeding time prolonged, while the day change of susceptibility to isoprocarb showed a inverse tendency. The activities of esterase and carboxylesterase were induced significantly after on N22 for one day, and then declined. The non susceptible level of adults to insecticides and enzyme activities seemed to be heightened after feeding on ASD7, a variety resistant to Nilaparvata lugens. The total phenol content in rice leaf sheath was the highest in N22, and could be regarded as one of the factors, which caused chages in susceptibility of S. furcifera to insecticide after feeding different rice varieties. It was recommended that suitable insecticides and planthopper resistant varieties should be coordinately used in practice so that they contribute more effects respectively.

Apoptosis susceptibility of tumor cells to arsenic trioxide and the inherent cellular level of reactive oxygen species

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of inherent cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with susceptibility of the tumor cells to apoptosis induction by arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)). METHODS: Low concentration (2 micromol/L) of As(2)O(3) was administered to two cultured leukemic cell lines, NB4 and U937, and two esophageal carcinoma cell lines, EC1.71 (also named EC/CUHK1) and EC1867, to confirm the difference in apoptosis susceptibility of NB4 versus U937 and of EC1.71 versus EC1867. Dihydrogenrhodamine 123 (DHR123), used as a ROS capture agent, was incubated with cells in the absence of As(2)O(3). Fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123, the product of cellular oxidation of DHR123, was detected by flow cytometry and ROS was measured. RESULTS: Low concentration of As(2)O(3) induced apoptosis was more likely to occur in NB4 and EC1.71 cells than in U937 and EC1867 cells, or NB4 was more sensitive than U937, and EC1.71 more sensitive than EC1867 to As(2)O(3). The inherent cellular ROS level is higher in NB4 than in U937, and also higher in EC1.71 than in EC1867. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in cellular ROS level is positively associated with cellular susceptibility to apoptosis induction by As(2)O(3). The inherent ROS level might be important in defining apoptotic susceptibility to As(2)O(3).

Ir-Pd nanoalloys with enhanced surface-microstructure-sensitive catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media

Ir-based dectrocatalysts have been system- atically studied for a variety of applications, among which the electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） is one of the most prominent. The investigation on surface-micro- structure-sensitive catalytic activity in different pH media is of great significance for developing efficient electrocatalysts and corresponding mechanism research. Herein, shape-tunable Ir- Pd alloy nanocrystals, including nano-hollow-spheres （NHSs）, nanowires （NWs）, and nanotetrahedrons （NTs）, are synthe- sized via a facile one-pot solvothermal method, Electro- chemical studies show that the OER activity of the Ir-Pd alloy nanocatalysts exhibits surface-microstructure-sensitive en- hancement in acidic and alkaline media. Ir-Pd NWs and NTs show more than five times higher mass activity than com- mercial Ir/C catalyst at an overpotential of 0.25 V in acidic and alkaline media. Post-XPS analyses reveal that surface Ir（VI） oxide generated at surface defective sites of Ir-Pd nanocata- lysts is a possible key intermediate for OER. In acidic medium, the specific activity of Ir-Pd nanocatalysts has a positive cor- relation with the surface roughness of NWs 〉 NHSs 〉 NTs. However, the strong dissociation of surface Ir（VI） species （IrO42-） at surface defective sites is a possible obstacle for the formation of Ir（VI） oxide, which reverses the activity sequence for OER in alkaline medium.

Antiviral activities against influenza virus(FM1) of bioactive fractions and representative compounds extracted from Banlangen(Radix Isatidis)

OBJECTIVE: To study the antiviral activities of clemastanin B(CB), epigoitrin, phenylpropanoids portion(PEP) and the mixture of phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and organic acid fractions(PEP+ALK+OA)from Banlangen(Radix Isatidis).METHODS: The experiment consisted of four parts:therapeutic action, prophylaxsis action, inhibition of virus attachment, and direct virucidal action. Cytopathic effect(CPE) and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium(MTT) were used to assess antiviral activity.RESULTS: CB, epigoitrin, PEP and PEP + ALK + OA fractions from Banlangen(Radix Isatidis) extract significantly increased the viability of MDCK cells pre-infected with the virus compared with the virus control group in all the dilutions(P < 0.01). Pretreated with either pure compounds or chemical frac-tions of Banlangen(Radix Isatidis) extract in all the dilutions significantly improved the viability of MDCK cells(P < 0.01). The inhibition of virus absorption to the host cells by CB, epigoitrin and PEP was in a dose dependent manner.CONCLUSION: CB, epigoitrin, PEP and PEP+ALK+OA exert their anti-influenza activity by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. The primary mode of action of PEP and PEP + ALK + OA is the inhibition of virus replication. The inhibitory effects on virus attachment and multiplication are the main modes for epigoitrin.

Fe_3C-functionalized 3D nitrogen-doped carbon structures for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide

Fe3C-functionalized three-dimensional （3D） porous nitrogen-doped graphite carbon composites （Fe3C/ NG） were synthesized via a facile solution-based impreg- nation and pyrolysis strategy using the commercially available melamine foam and FeC13 as precursors. The structural characterizations confirmed that Fe3C nanoparticles with an average core size about 122 nm were assembled on the surface of the carbonized melamine foam （CMF） skeletons. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated the superior electrocatalytic activity of the advanced Fe3C/NG composite for hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction in 0.1 mol/L PBS electrolyte and the limit of detection of H2O2 is estimated to be 0.035 mmol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 with a wide linear detection range from 50 μmol/L to 15 mmol/L （R^2 = 0.999）. Compared with the pure CMF, the Fe3C/NG exhibited higher catalytic activity, more stable response, lower detection limit, higher selectivity and a wider detection range, which could be attributed to the synergic effect between the two types of active sites from the iron carbide species and the nitrogen-doped graphite carbon. Meanwhile, the large surface area, high conductivity and the improved mass transport from the 3D porous material can also promote the electrochemical sensing performance. Moreover, the Fe3C/ NG-based electrochemical sensor showed high anti-interference ability and stability for H2O2 detection. Thus, the novel and low-cost Fe3C/NG composite may be a prom- ising alternative to noble metals and offer potential appli- cations in various types of electrochemical sensors, bioelectronic devices and catalysts.

Recombinant expression of different mutant K-ras gene in pancreatic cancer Bxpc-3 cells and its effects on chemotherapy sensitivity

K-ras is a member of ras gene family which is involved in cell survival,proliferation and differentiation.When a mutation occurs in ras gene,the activation of Ras proteins may be prolonged to induce oncogenesis.However,the relationship between K-ras mutation and clinical outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients treated with chemotherapy agents is still under debate.In this study,we constructed five pAcGFP1-C3 plasmids for different types of K-ras gene(WT,G12V,G12R,G12D,and G13D)and stably transfected human pancreatic cancer Bxpc-3 cells with these genes.The wild type and mutant clones showed a comparable growth and expression of K-Ras-GFP fusion protein.The expression of some K-ras mutations resulted in a reduced sensitivity to gefitinib,5-FU,docetaxel and gemcitabine,while showed no effects on erlotinib or cisplatin.Moreover,compared with the wild type clone,K-Ras downstream signals(phospho-Akt and/or phospho-Erk)were increased in K-ras mutant clones.Interestingly,different types of K-ras mutation had non-identical K-Ras downstream signal activities and drug responses.Our results are the first to reveal the relationship between different K-ras mutation and drug sensitivities of these anti-cancer drugs in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.

Lipid reserves and immune defense in healthy and diseased migrating monarchs Danaus plexippus

Recent studies suggest that the energetic demands of long-distance migration might lower the pool of resources available for costly immune defenses. Moreover, migration could amplify the costs of parasitism if animals suffering from para- site-induced damage or depleted energy reserves are less able to migrate long distances. We investigated relationships between long-distance migration, infection, and immunity in wild fall-migrating monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. Monarchs migrate annually from eastern North America to central Mexico, accumulating lipids essential for migration and winter survival as they travel southward. Monarchs are commonly infected by the debilitating protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha （OE）. We collected data on lipid reserves, parasite loads, and two immune measures （hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity） from wild monarchs migrating through north GA （USA） to ask whether （1） parasite infection negatively affects lipid reserves, and （2） greater investment in lipid reserves is associated with lower immune measures. Results showed that monarchs sampled later in the fall migration had lower but not significantly different immune measures and significantly higher lipid reserves than those sampled earlier. Lipid measures correlated negatively but only nearly significantly with one measure of immune defense （phenoloxidase activity） in both healthy and infected monarchs, but did not depend on monarch infection status or parasite load. These results provide weak support for a trade-off between energy reserves and immune defense in migrants, and suggest that previously-demonstrated costs of OE infection for monarch migration are not caused by depleted lipid reserves .