Primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC） is a progressive cho- lestatic liver disease characterized by the immune- mediated destruction of biliary epithelial cells in small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease is characteriz...Primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC） is a progressive cho- lestatic liver disease characterized by the immune- mediated destruction of biliary epithelial cells in small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease is characterized by circulating antimitochondrial antibodies （AMAs） as well as disease-specific antinuclear antibodies, cholestatic liver function tests, and characteristic histological fea- tures, including granulomas. A variety of organisms are involved in granuloma formation, of which mycobacte- ria are the most commonly associated. This has led to the hypothesis that mnycobacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC, along with other infectious agents. Additionally, AMAs are found in a subgroup of patients with rnycobacterial infections, such as lep- rosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Antibodies against species-specific mycobacterial proteins have been re- ported in patients with PBC, but it is not clear whether these antibodies are specific for the disease. In addi- tion, data in support of the involvement of the role of molecular mimicry between rnycobacterial and human mitochondrial antigens as triggers of cross-reactive im- mune responses leading to the loss of immunological tolerance, and the induction of pathological features have been published. Thus, antibodies against myco- bacterial heat shock protein appear to cross-recognize AMA-specific autoantigens, but it is not clear whether these autoantibodies are mycobacterium-species-spe- cific, and whether they are pathogenic or incidental. The view that mycobacteria are infectious triggers of PBC is intriguing, but the data provided so far are not conclusive.展开更多
Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite...Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite.Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden but in some cases they may be preceeded by a long period of fever,eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms.We report a woman with cholangitis symptoms of sudden onset which was proved to be due to Fasciola hepatica infestation by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.展开更多
文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC） is a progressive cho- lestatic liver disease characterized by the immune- mediated destruction of biliary epithelial cells in small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease is characterized by circulating antimitochondrial antibodies （AMAs） as well as disease-specific antinuclear antibodies, cholestatic liver function tests, and characteristic histological fea- tures, including granulomas. A variety of organisms are involved in granuloma formation, of which mycobacte- ria are the most commonly associated. This has led to the hypothesis that mnycobacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC, along with other infectious agents. Additionally, AMAs are found in a subgroup of patients with rnycobacterial infections, such as lep- rosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Antibodies against species-specific mycobacterial proteins have been re- ported in patients with PBC, but it is not clear whether these antibodies are specific for the disease. In addi- tion, data in support of the involvement of the role of molecular mimicry between rnycobacterial and human mitochondrial antigens as triggers of cross-reactive im- mune responses leading to the loss of immunological tolerance, and the induction of pathological features have been published. Thus, antibodies against myco- bacterial heat shock protein appear to cross-recognize AMA-specific autoantigens, but it is not clear whether these autoantibodies are mycobacterium-species-spe- cific, and whether they are pathogenic or incidental. The view that mycobacteria are infectious triggers of PBC is intriguing, but the data provided so far are not conclusive.
文摘Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite.Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden but in some cases they may be preceeded by a long period of fever,eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms.We report a woman with cholangitis symptoms of sudden onset which was proved to be due to Fasciola hepatica infestation by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
