Literature continues to generate controversies as to what it is and what it is for. That is one of the reasons for the proliferation of ＂literary theories.＂ The notion is here placed between quotation marks because ...Literature continues to generate controversies as to what it is and what it is for. That is one of the reasons for the proliferation of ＂literary theories.＂ The notion is here placed between quotation marks because it does not mean the same thing to all the scholars in the field. Some regard it in the same way that theory functions in the sciences, where it focuses on the object it is associated with. For example, the atomic theory of matter is concerned with the internal constitution or the characterizing properties of matter. Others, however, are looking beyond the object towards the reader and the extra-textual environment. The approaches to literary studies which look beyond the individual work to outside phenomena are many and increasing all the time as new issues and concerns arrive on the social scene. Issues of climate change are fairly topical now; and criticism is already responding with such ideas as eco-criticism. The question of the identity of the literary object has to be kept in the front burner, so that it is not swamped by the many different interests which attach to literature from time to time. Bringing attention back to the literary work is the central concern of this paper; and we are doing this by way of the metaphors of perception often used with respect to the literary work as these suggest that the work is something to focus on, rather than to see through to something else. Finally, I elaborate the concept of integrity as an appurtenance of the literary text that attracts and holds the gaze.展开更多
Languages differ in their phoneme inventories. Some phonemes exist in more than one language but others exist in relatively few languages. More specifically, English Language has some sounds that Arabic does not have ...Languages differ in their phoneme inventories. Some phonemes exist in more than one language but others exist in relatively few languages. More specifically, English Language has some sounds that Arabic does not have and vice versa. This paper focuses on the perception of the English bilabial stops/b/and/p/in contrast to the perception of the English alveolar stops/t/and/d/by some Saudi linguists who have been speaking English for more than six years and who are currently in an English speaking country, Australia. This phenomenon of perception of the English bilabial stops/b/and/p/will be tested mainly by virtue of minimal pairs and other words that may better help to investigate this perception. The paper uses some minimal pairs in which the bilabial and alveolar stops occur initially and finally. Also, it uses some verbs that end with the suffix/-ed/, but this/-ed/suffix is pronounced [t] or [d] when preceded by /p/ or /b/ respectively. Notice that [t] and [d] are allophones of the English past tense morpheme/-ed/（for example, Fromkin, Rodman, ＆ Hyams, 2007）. The pronunciation of the suffix as It] and [d] works as a clue for the subjects to know the preceding bilabial sound.展开更多
According to the contributions coming from different fields of research-from aesthetics to cognitive science-the paper intends to address the topic of urban transformation within the framework of the concept of “affe...According to the contributions coming from different fields of research-from aesthetics to cognitive science-the paper intends to address the topic of urban transformation within the framework of the concept of “affective space”, which associates the emotions with all stimuli both internal to the agent and within its environment. The central research question will be： what is the influence of the affective sphere on changes that take place in the city and vice versa how much do these changes affect the emotional sphere？ By placing subjects at the center of the research, the paper intends to study the relationship between individuals-as well as groups and communities-and urban spaces they inhabit. This can be done by guaranteeing centrality to the pre-reflective emotional impact that spatial situations produce on subjects, where for “spatial situation” it is intended the inclusive description of a specific condition, including both the material articulation of space and its intangible qualities that influence the subject’s emotional sphere.展开更多
文摘Literature continues to generate controversies as to what it is and what it is for. That is one of the reasons for the proliferation of ＂literary theories.＂ The notion is here placed between quotation marks because it does not mean the same thing to all the scholars in the field. Some regard it in the same way that theory functions in the sciences, where it focuses on the object it is associated with. For example, the atomic theory of matter is concerned with the internal constitution or the characterizing properties of matter. Others, however, are looking beyond the object towards the reader and the extra-textual environment. The approaches to literary studies which look beyond the individual work to outside phenomena are many and increasing all the time as new issues and concerns arrive on the social scene. Issues of climate change are fairly topical now; and criticism is already responding with such ideas as eco-criticism. The question of the identity of the literary object has to be kept in the front burner, so that it is not swamped by the many different interests which attach to literature from time to time. Bringing attention back to the literary work is the central concern of this paper; and we are doing this by way of the metaphors of perception often used with respect to the literary work as these suggest that the work is something to focus on, rather than to see through to something else. Finally, I elaborate the concept of integrity as an appurtenance of the literary text that attracts and holds the gaze.
文摘Languages differ in their phoneme inventories. Some phonemes exist in more than one language but others exist in relatively few languages. More specifically, English Language has some sounds that Arabic does not have and vice versa. This paper focuses on the perception of the English bilabial stops/b/and/p/in contrast to the perception of the English alveolar stops/t/and/d/by some Saudi linguists who have been speaking English for more than six years and who are currently in an English speaking country, Australia. This phenomenon of perception of the English bilabial stops/b/and/p/will be tested mainly by virtue of minimal pairs and other words that may better help to investigate this perception. The paper uses some minimal pairs in which the bilabial and alveolar stops occur initially and finally. Also, it uses some verbs that end with the suffix/-ed/, but this/-ed/suffix is pronounced [t] or [d] when preceded by /p/ or /b/ respectively. Notice that [t] and [d] are allophones of the English past tense morpheme/-ed/（for example, Fromkin, Rodman, ＆ Hyams, 2007）. The pronunciation of the suffix as It] and [d] works as a clue for the subjects to know the preceding bilabial sound.
文摘According to the contributions coming from different fields of research-from aesthetics to cognitive science-the paper intends to address the topic of urban transformation within the framework of the concept of “affective space”, which associates the emotions with all stimuli both internal to the agent and within its environment. The central research question will be： what is the influence of the affective sphere on changes that take place in the city and vice versa how much do these changes affect the emotional sphere？ By placing subjects at the center of the research, the paper intends to study the relationship between individuals-as well as groups and communities-and urban spaces they inhabit. This can be done by guaranteeing centrality to the pre-reflective emotional impact that spatial situations produce on subjects, where for “spatial situation” it is intended the inclusive description of a specific condition, including both the material articulation of space and its intangible qualities that influence the subject’s emotional sphere.
