视频内容自动分析领域中,关键的挑战在于如何识别重要对象和如何建模对象之间的时空关系.本文基于感知概念(Perception Concepts,简称PCs)和有限状态机(Finite State Machines,简称FSMs)提出一种语义内容分析模型自动描述和探测体育视...视频内容自动分析领域中,关键的挑战在于如何识别重要对象和如何建模对象之间的时空关系.本文基于感知概念(Perception Concepts,简称PCs)和有限状态机(Finite State Machines,简称FSMs)提出一种语义内容分析模型自动描述和探测体育视频中有意义的语义内容.根据体育视频中可识别的特征元素,定义PCs来表示视频中重要的语义模式;设计PC-FSM模型来描述PCs间的时空关系;采用一个图匹配方法自动探测视频中的高层语义.本文提出的方法使用户能够根据其自身的兴趣和知识设计体育视频的查询描述,并将语义内容探测问题转换为图匹配问题.实验结果验证了本文提出的方法的有效性.展开更多
Mechanisms of animal learning and memory were traditionally studied without reference to niche-specific functional considerations. More recently, ecological demands have informed such investigations, most notably with...Mechanisms of animal learning and memory were traditionally studied without reference to niche-specific functional considerations. More recently, ecological demands have informed such investigations, most notably with respect to foraging in birds. In parallel, behavioural ecologists, primarily concerned with functional optimization, have begun to consider the role of mechanistic factors, including cognition, to explain apparent deviations from optimal predictions. In the present paper we discuss the application of laboratory-based constructs and paradigms of cognition to the real-world challenges faced by avian foragers. We argue that such applications have been handicapped by what we term the ＇paradigmatic assumption＇ - the assumption that a given laboratory paradigm maps well enough onto a congruent cognitive mechanism （or cognitive ability） to justify confiation of the two. We present evidence against the paradigmatic assumption and suggest that to achieve a profitable integration between function and mechanism, with respect to animal cognition, a new conceptualization of cognitive mechanisms - functional cogni- tion - is required. This new conceptualization should define cognitive mechanisms based on the informational properties of the animal＇s environment and the adaptive challenges faced. Cognitive mechanisms must be examined in settings that mimic the im- portant aspects of the natural environment, using customized tasks designed to probe defined aspects of the mechanisms＇ opera- tion. We suggest that this approach will facilitate investigations of the functional and evolutionary relevance of cognitive mecha- nisms, as well as the patterns of divergence, convergence and specialization of cognitive mechanisms within and between species .展开更多
文摘视频内容自动分析领域中,关键的挑战在于如何识别重要对象和如何建模对象之间的时空关系.本文基于感知概念(Perception Concepts,简称PCs)和有限状态机(Finite State Machines,简称FSMs)提出一种语义内容分析模型自动描述和探测体育视频中有意义的语义内容.根据体育视频中可识别的特征元素,定义PCs来表示视频中重要的语义模式;设计PC-FSM模型来描述PCs间的时空关系;采用一个图匹配方法自动探测视频中的高层语义.本文提出的方法使用户能够根据其自身的兴趣和知识设计体育视频的查询描述,并将语义内容探测问题转换为图匹配问题.实验结果验证了本文提出的方法的有效性.
文摘Mechanisms of animal learning and memory were traditionally studied without reference to niche-specific functional considerations. More recently, ecological demands have informed such investigations, most notably with respect to foraging in birds. In parallel, behavioural ecologists, primarily concerned with functional optimization, have begun to consider the role of mechanistic factors, including cognition, to explain apparent deviations from optimal predictions. In the present paper we discuss the application of laboratory-based constructs and paradigms of cognition to the real-world challenges faced by avian foragers. We argue that such applications have been handicapped by what we term the ＇paradigmatic assumption＇ - the assumption that a given laboratory paradigm maps well enough onto a congruent cognitive mechanism （or cognitive ability） to justify confiation of the two. We present evidence against the paradigmatic assumption and suggest that to achieve a profitable integration between function and mechanism, with respect to animal cognition, a new conceptualization of cognitive mechanisms - functional cogni- tion - is required. This new conceptualization should define cognitive mechanisms based on the informational properties of the animal＇s environment and the adaptive challenges faced. Cognitive mechanisms must be examined in settings that mimic the im- portant aspects of the natural environment, using customized tasks designed to probe defined aspects of the mechanisms＇ opera- tion. We suggest that this approach will facilitate investigations of the functional and evolutionary relevance of cognitive mecha- nisms, as well as the patterns of divergence, convergence and specialization of cognitive mechanisms within and between species .
