To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle maintenance.METHODSA cross-sectional stud...To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle maintenance.METHODSA cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions (0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients’ illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional habits.RESULTSThe study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years (range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study participants (57.2%) did not feel they fully understood what NAFLD is. Better nutritional habits were positively predicted by the degree of illness understanding (β = 0.26; P = 0.002) and self-efficacy (β = 0.25; P = 0.003). Perceptions of more severe illness consequences were related with higher emotional representation (β = 0.55; P < 0.001), which was related with lower self-efficacy (β = -0.17; P = 0.034). The perception of treatment effectiveness was positively related with self-efficacy (β = 0.32; P < 0.001). In accordance with the correlation between self-efficacy and the perceived nutrition habits score, self-efficacy was also correlated with nutrient intake evaluated by the FFQ; negatively with saturated fat (percent of saturated fat calories from total calories) (r = -0.28, P = 0.010) and positively with fiber (r = 0.22, P = 0.047) and vitamin C intake (r = 0.34, P = 0.002). In a sub analysis of the clinical trial participants, objectively measured compliance to physical activity regimen was positively correlated with the self-efficacy level (r = 0.34, P = 0.046).CONCLUSIONSelf-efficacy and illness understanding are major determinants of lifestyle-modification among NAFLD patients. This information can assist clinicians in improving compliance with lifestyle changes among these patients.展开更多
'介质中感觉种相(species sensibiles in medio)'问题是中世纪晚期经院哲学关于灵魂感觉活动的自然哲学探究的重要组成部分。其核心在于澄清可感事物如何作用于感觉器官,以及感觉种相在介质和器官中的存在样态。这两个问题严格...'介质中感觉种相(species sensibiles in medio)'问题是中世纪晚期经院哲学关于灵魂感觉活动的自然哲学探究的重要组成部分。其核心在于澄清可感事物如何作用于感觉器官,以及感觉种相在介质和器官中的存在样态。这两个问题严格继承了亚里士多德在《论灵魂》中开启的讨论灵魂感觉活动的方向。从20世纪70年代开始,索拉布吉和伯恩耶特围绕亚氏感觉理论所展开的争论,高水准地展示了该问题所包含的复杂性。因此,从亚氏感觉理论的当代哲学讨论出发,历史地追溯'介质中感觉种相'问题的古代、中世纪早期根源是准确理解十三世纪中期思想家关于该问题展开争论的思想史基础。展开更多
Fatigue is believed to be a major contributory factor to occupational injuries in machine operators.The development of accurate and usable techniques to measure operator fatigue is therefore important.In this study,we...Fatigue is believed to be a major contributory factor to occupational injuries in machine operators.The development of accurate and usable techniques to measure operator fatigue is therefore important.In this study,we used a novel method based on surface electromyography (sEMG) of the biceps brachii and the Borg scale to evaluate local muscle fatigue in the upper limb after isometric muscle action.Thirteen young males performed isometric actions with the upper limb at different force levels.sEMG activities of the biceps brachii were recorded during the actions.Borg scales were used to evaluate the subjective sensation of local fatigue of the biceps brachii after the actions.sEMG activities were analyzed using the one-third band octave method,and an equation to determine the degree of fatigue was derived based on the relationship between the variable and the Borg scale.The results showed that the relationship could be expressed by a conic curve,and could be used to evaluate muscle fatigue during machine operation.展开更多
文摘To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle maintenance.METHODSA cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions (0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients’ illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional habits.RESULTSThe study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years (range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study participants (57.2%) did not feel they fully understood what NAFLD is. Better nutritional habits were positively predicted by the degree of illness understanding (β = 0.26; P = 0.002) and self-efficacy (β = 0.25; P = 0.003). Perceptions of more severe illness consequences were related with higher emotional representation (β = 0.55; P < 0.001), which was related with lower self-efficacy (β = -0.17; P = 0.034). The perception of treatment effectiveness was positively related with self-efficacy (β = 0.32; P < 0.001). In accordance with the correlation between self-efficacy and the perceived nutrition habits score, self-efficacy was also correlated with nutrient intake evaluated by the FFQ; negatively with saturated fat (percent of saturated fat calories from total calories) (r = -0.28, P = 0.010) and positively with fiber (r = 0.22, P = 0.047) and vitamin C intake (r = 0.34, P = 0.002). In a sub analysis of the clinical trial participants, objectively measured compliance to physical activity regimen was positively correlated with the self-efficacy level (r = 0.34, P = 0.046).CONCLUSIONSelf-efficacy and illness understanding are major determinants of lifestyle-modification among NAFLD patients. This information can assist clinicians in improving compliance with lifestyle changes among these patients.
文摘'介质中感觉种相(species sensibiles in medio)'问题是中世纪晚期经院哲学关于灵魂感觉活动的自然哲学探究的重要组成部分。其核心在于澄清可感事物如何作用于感觉器官,以及感觉种相在介质和器官中的存在样态。这两个问题严格继承了亚里士多德在《论灵魂》中开启的讨论灵魂感觉活动的方向。从20世纪70年代开始,索拉布吉和伯恩耶特围绕亚氏感觉理论所展开的争论,高水准地展示了该问题所包含的复杂性。因此,从亚氏感觉理论的当代哲学讨论出发,历史地追溯'介质中感觉种相'问题的古代、中世纪早期根源是准确理解十三世纪中期思想家关于该问题展开争论的思想史基础。
文摘Fatigue is believed to be a major contributory factor to occupational injuries in machine operators.The development of accurate and usable techniques to measure operator fatigue is therefore important.In this study,we used a novel method based on surface electromyography (sEMG) of the biceps brachii and the Borg scale to evaluate local muscle fatigue in the upper limb after isometric muscle action.Thirteen young males performed isometric actions with the upper limb at different force levels.sEMG activities of the biceps brachii were recorded during the actions.Borg scales were used to evaluate the subjective sensation of local fatigue of the biceps brachii after the actions.sEMG activities were analyzed using the one-third band octave method,and an equation to determine the degree of fatigue was derived based on the relationship between the variable and the Borg scale.The results showed that the relationship could be expressed by a conic curve,and could be used to evaluate muscle fatigue during machine operation.
