Purpose. To compare the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% vs unoprostone 0.15% , both added to timolol maleate 0.5% each given twice daily. Methods. In this prospective, multi-centred, double-masked, crossover c...Purpose. To compare the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% vs unoprostone 0.15% , both added to timolol maleate 0.5% each given twice daily. Methods. In this prospective, multi-centred, double-masked, crossover comparison, patients were randomized to one treatment group for a 6- week treatment period, and then crossed over to the opposite treatment. Measurements were performed at 0800, 1000, 1600, 1800, and 2000 h at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Results. In all,33 patients entered this trial and 29 completed. The baseline trough intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.3± 2.4 and the diurnal curve IOP was 22.0± 1.3mmHg. For the brimonidine and timolol maleate treatment group, the trough IOP was 21.6± 3.3 and the diurnal curve IOPwas 19.8± 2.1mmHg,while the timolol and unoprostone treatment showed a trough IOP of 20.9± 3.8 and a diurnal curve IOP of 19.3± 2.4 mmHg. There was no significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for the diurnal curve,or in the reduction from baseline (P >0.05). Both treatments failed to statistically reduce the IOP from baseline at 1800h. There was no difference between treatment groups regarding ocular and systemic unsolicited adverse events, but patients admitted to more dryness (P=0.02) and burning upon instillation (P< 0.0001) with unoprostone by survey. Conclusion. Brimonidine 0.2% or unoprostone 0.15% added to timolol maleate 0.5% provide similar efficacy and safety throughout the daytime diurnal curve.展开更多
Researchers in several disciplines and fields agree that the image establishing has both perceptual and affecfive evaluations. The paper comparatively analyzes the image of landscapes in ancient water towns held by 16...Researchers in several disciplines and fields agree that the image establishing has both perceptual and affecfive evaluations. The paper comparatively analyzes the image of landscapes in ancient water towns held by 1619 tourists after the investigations of Zbouzhuang and Tongli of Jiangsu Province. Based on the elements of the image of urban landscapes, the perceptual/cognitive image of tourist landscapes in water towns is developed including path, node, landmark, important courtyard, district and edge. Particularly the important courtyard plays the great role on the perceptive image of tourists, however, the perceptual/cognitive images of the district and the edge are obviously weak. Meanwhile, the finding showed that the affective images of tourist landscapes in Zhonzhuang differ with those of Tongli by the method of paired comparison. The main reason is that the affective images are influenced by the impressive scenery spots. Furthermore, the commercialization of streets and pollution of rivers are easy to be functioned negatively.展开更多
The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analy...The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analysis （SCIA）. There were 134 Iranian male and female learners participating in this study. A SCIA questionnaire containing 30 items was developed and validated to assess EFL learners＇ preferences for intervention categories. Moreover, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI） was used in the research. Results indicated that whereas in some cases no significant differences were observed, there mostly existed numerous significant differences among language learners with different personality traits and their preferences for SCIA.展开更多
文摘Purpose. To compare the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% vs unoprostone 0.15% , both added to timolol maleate 0.5% each given twice daily. Methods. In this prospective, multi-centred, double-masked, crossover comparison, patients were randomized to one treatment group for a 6- week treatment period, and then crossed over to the opposite treatment. Measurements were performed at 0800, 1000, 1600, 1800, and 2000 h at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Results. In all,33 patients entered this trial and 29 completed. The baseline trough intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.3± 2.4 and the diurnal curve IOP was 22.0± 1.3mmHg. For the brimonidine and timolol maleate treatment group, the trough IOP was 21.6± 3.3 and the diurnal curve IOPwas 19.8± 2.1mmHg,while the timolol and unoprostone treatment showed a trough IOP of 20.9± 3.8 and a diurnal curve IOP of 19.3± 2.4 mmHg. There was no significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for the diurnal curve,or in the reduction from baseline (P >0.05). Both treatments failed to statistically reduce the IOP from baseline at 1800h. There was no difference between treatment groups regarding ocular and systemic unsolicited adverse events, but patients admitted to more dryness (P=0.02) and burning upon instillation (P< 0.0001) with unoprostone by survey. Conclusion. Brimonidine 0.2% or unoprostone 0.15% added to timolol maleate 0.5% provide similar efficacy and safety throughout the daytime diurnal curve.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40371030), Research Project of Ministry of Construction (No. 20031018)
文摘Researchers in several disciplines and fields agree that the image establishing has both perceptual and affecfive evaluations. The paper comparatively analyzes the image of landscapes in ancient water towns held by 1619 tourists after the investigations of Zbouzhuang and Tongli of Jiangsu Province. Based on the elements of the image of urban landscapes, the perceptual/cognitive image of tourist landscapes in water towns is developed including path, node, landmark, important courtyard, district and edge. Particularly the important courtyard plays the great role on the perceptive image of tourists, however, the perceptual/cognitive images of the district and the edge are obviously weak. Meanwhile, the finding showed that the affective images of tourist landscapes in Zhonzhuang differ with those of Tongli by the method of paired comparison. The main reason is that the affective images are influenced by the impressive scenery spots. Furthermore, the commercialization of streets and pollution of rivers are easy to be functioned negatively.
文摘The present paper investigates the relationship between Iranian intermediate level EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ personality traits and their preferences for Heron＇s Six Category Intervention Analysis （SCIA）. There were 134 Iranian male and female learners participating in this study. A SCIA questionnaire containing 30 items was developed and validated to assess EFL learners＇ preferences for intervention categories. Moreover, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI） was used in the research. Results indicated that whereas in some cases no significant differences were observed, there mostly existed numerous significant differences among language learners with different personality traits and their preferences for SCIA.
