第三次分配制度化推进的慈善生态系统构建与设计

在推进共同富裕的背景下,第三次分配已提升至基础性制度安排,与初次分配、再分配共同构成我国基本分配体系。为推进第三次分配制度化的有效落地,结合元治理理论和商业生态系统理论,构建第三次分配制度化推进所依赖的慈善生态系统。一个由社会先进慈善文化引领,政府引导,政府部门与非政府组织、非正式社会力量协同共促,以提升慈善主体(个体、企业、慈善组织等)参与活力,实现资源和财富持续、健康流转为最终目标的系统结构包括宏观环境子系统、供应链子系统和非正式子系统。第三次分配制度化推进有赖于宏观环境子系统中的政府作用以及社会慈善文化动员,关键在于推动分配资源在供应链子系统中供方(企业和个人)、平台方(慈善组织和互联网公益平台)和需方之间高效运转;也需要非正式子系统中网络媒体维护好慈善领域舆论生态、明星名人带头示范参与慈善以及第三方公益评估机构为慈善组织和慈善项目提供专业化评估服务。

行政吸纳社会的“新边疆”——以北京市慈善生态系统为例

经过近四十年的发展,现代中国慈善生态系统初步形成。自然、民间和政府三种力量分别建立起三种相应的系统结构,共同支配着中国慈善生态系统的运行。比较而言,自然形成的秩序最为稳固,而且能够与其它秩序顺畅兼容;民间建构的组织结构最不健全,而且最为脆弱;政府的统合结构最完善,也最为强大。这种秩序格局是新公共管理嵌入行政吸纳社会的结果。在慈善生态系统中,中国政府一方面强化行政吸纳社会的“限制”策略,另一方面借鉴新公共管理完善“利用”策略,并在此基础上发展出对慈善组织的“分层控制”策略,进一步拓展了行政吸纳社会的理论内涵与现实实践。

How Does Online Fundraising Platform Promote Public Donation in China？-An Empirical Analysis From Tencent Fundraising Platform

At present, the huge problem that China’s Non-profit Organizations are facing is the low efficiency of public fundraising. However, the newly appeared Online Fundraising Platform indicates some possibilities in overcoming the obstacle for public fundraising. Among which Tencent Online Fundraising Platform becomes the typical and the point cut of exploring Online Fundraising Platform Improving Efficiency Mechanism of public donation. Online Fundraising Platform is similar to the online United Way, relying on the advantages of the Internet and the united fundraising to build a ecosystem of public donation which has professional fundraising system, good charity atmosphere, excellent policy environment and crossover cooperation resources. And in which, many factors get improved in pubic donation influence factors system. For one thing, Charity atmosphere and policy environment can be shaped better. For another, the charities can transmit fundraising information in inexpensive and high-efficiency way, and must ensure the transparency of project and donation. Finally, it will be more convenient for donors to get charitable information, make donations and supervise the nonprofit organizations.