某军队院校师职以上干部慢性病危险因素综合健康干预效果

目的研究综合健康干预措施对军队院校师职以上干部慢性病危险因素的干预效果。方法选取某军队院校师职以上干部509例作为干预组,于2009-2011年采取综合健康干预措施。2009-2011年同地区在该院行健康体检的部分公务员425例作为对照组,常规进行健康体检。通过问卷调查和健康体检评价健康干预前后慢病危险因素暴露水平,比较生活方式危险因素和生理指标危险因素发生率的变化,分析综合健康干预措施效果。结果基线水平干预组慢病危险因素暴露水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组干预后高盐高脂饮食、运动量不足、过度饮酒、精神压力过大、肥胖、脂肪肝、血压异常率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照组血脂异常率显著增高(P<0.05),其他指标前后对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组高盐饮食、过度饮酒、运动量不足、肥胖、脂肪肝和血脂异常率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生物、心理及个体生活方式等多方面综合健康干预措施能有效降低军队院校师以上干部慢病危险因素暴露水平,进而控制慢病的发生和发展,提高其整体健康水平。

2012年东至县慢性病现况及影响因素调查分析

目的:了解东至县成人慢病及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病等慢病的影响。方法:采用等比例多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对15个乡镇24个调查点的18岁及以上常住居民913人进行现况调查。结果:东至县18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为18.84%,糖尿病患病率为5.53%,超重和肥胖率分别为31.11%、3.72%;男性吸烟、饮酒率分别为51.84%和46.93%。结论:吸烟、饮酒等慢病危险因素水平居高不下,慢病危害已成为东至县一个重大的公共卫生问题。

上海市青浦区居民血脂水平调查

目的了解青浦区18岁及以上成人的血脂代谢水平,为科学防控提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对青浦区5027名18岁及以上的居民进行问卷调查。同时,进行空腹静脉血样本检测,分析胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平以及相关性。结果调查对象的TC、LDL、HDL、TG、ApoB的异常率分别为15.8%、16.9%、8.4%、3.0%和15.8%.TC和HDL分别为ApoB的危险因素和保护因素。结论青浦区社区居民的血脂异常率较高,需要加强健康教育,开展饮食和运动控制,从而控制血脂和其他代谢性疾病。

Hyperferritinemia is a risk factor for steatosis in chronic liver disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between ferritin and steatosis in patients with chronically abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) and high ferritin level. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients with hyperferritinemia (male > 300 ng/mL, female > 200 ng/mL) were evaluated; clinical, biochemical and serological data, iron status parameters, HFE gene mutations and homeostasis model assessment score were obtained. Steatosis was graded by ultrasound as absent or present. Histology was available in 53 patients only. RESULTS: Mean level of ferritin was 881 ± 77 ng/mL in men and 549 ± 82 ng/mL in women. The diagnosis was chronic hepatitis C in 53 (42.7%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in 57 (45.9%), and cryptogenic liver damage in 14 (11.3%). None was diagnosed as hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). Hepatic siderosis on liver biopsy was present in 17 of 54 (32%) patients; grade 1 in eight and grade 2 in nine. Overall, 92 patients (74.2%) had steatosis. By logistic regression, ferritin and γ-glutamyltransferase were independent predictors of steatosis. Ferritin levels were signifi cantly related to low platelet count, steatosis and hepatitis C virus infection. CONCLUSION: In a non-obese cohort of non-alcoholic patients with chronically abnormal LFTs without HH, high serum ferritin level is a risk factor for steatosis.

Etiology of chronic pancreatitis:Has it changed in the last decade?

The evidence from recent surveys on chronic pancreatitis carried out around the world shows that alcohol remains the main factor associated with chronic pancreatitis, even if at a frequency lower than that reported previously. It has further conf irmed that heavy alcohol consumption and smoking are independent risk factors for chronic pancreatitis. Autoimmune pancreatitis accounts for 2%-4% of all forms of chronic pancreatitis, but this frequency will probably increase over the next few years. The rise in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, especially in India, represents a black hole in recently published surveys. Despite the progress made so far regarding the possibility of establishing the hereditary forms of chronic pancreatitis and the recognition of autoimmune pancreatitis, it is possible that we are more inaccurate today than in the past in identifying the factors associated with chronic pancreatitis in our patients.

Barrett's esophagus:Prevalence and risk factors in patients with chronic GERD in Upper Egypt

AIM： To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of Barrett＇s esophagus （BE） in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） in EI Minya and Assuit, Upper Egypt. METHODS： One thousand consecutive patients with chronic GERD symptoms were included in the study over 2 years. They were subjected to history taking including a questionnaire for GERD symptoms, clinical examination and upper digestive tract endoscopy. Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus （CLE） were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction. BF was diagnosed by pathological examination when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE. pH was monitored in 40 patients. RESULTS： BE was present in 7.3% of patients with chronic GERD symptoms, with a mean age of 48.3 ± 8.2 years, which was significantly higher than patients with GERD without BE （37.4 ± 13.6 years）. Adenocarcinoma was detected in eight cases （0.8%）, six of them in BE patients. There was no significant difference between patients with BE and GERD regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption or symptoms of GERD. Patients with BE had significantly longer esophageal acid exposure time in the supine position, measured by pH monitoring. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of BE in patients with GERD who were referred for endoscopy was 7.3%. BE seems to be associated with older age and more in patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux.

Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients ≥ 75 years： one-center study in a Chinese patient group

Objective To investigate the clinical and perioperative characteristics of patients ≥ 75 who undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and to evaluate the risk factors related to short-term post-PCI mortality in this specific patients group. Methods 1,035 consecutive subjects who underwent PCI from December 2011 to November 2013 were divided into four categories： （1） patients with stable angina （SA） 〉 75 years （n = 58）; （2） patients with SA 〈 75 years （n = 218）; （3） patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） ≥ 75 years （n = 155）; （4） patients with ACS 〈 75 years （n - 604）. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to detect risk factors of six-month mortality in patients ≥ 75 years who had undergone PCI. Clinical comorbidities, in-hospital biochemical indicators, perioperative data, in-hospital and six-month outcomes were analyzed and compared among the four groups. Results Compared with the younger group, pa- tients 〉 75 years were more likely to have hypertension, history of stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, cardiogenic shock and malignant mxhythmia, and they were admitted to hospital with relative lower weight, hemoglobin, albumin, triglyceride, higher creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen and pro-BNP. Left main artery lesions, multi-vessel, calcified lesions, chronic totally occlusion were also more likely to be seen in the elderly group. Univariate analysis revealed that age 〉 85 years, cardiogenic shock or severe arrhythmia at ad- mission, emergency PCI, prior stroke and chronic kidney disease were related to six-month mortality in elderly patients 〉 75 years who underwent PCI. Multivariable logistic regression showed that cardiogenic shock or severe arrhythmia at admission, chronic kidney disease and prior stroke were independent risk factors predicting six-month mortality in elderly patients 〉 75 years who had undergone PCI. Conclusions Our data showed that, compared with patients under 75 years, elderly patients （〉 75 years） who had undergone PCI had a relative higher risk of mortality, and more often accompanied with multi-comorbidities, severer admission conditions and complex coronary lesions. Better evaluation of risk factors and more intensively care should be taken to patients 〉 75 years who had undergone PCI therapy to reduce complications.

Risk factors for post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction in primary liver cancer patients with concurrent hepatic schistosomiasis and chronic hepatitis

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for development of post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction in primary liver cancer(PLC)patients with concurrent hepatic schistosomiasis and chronic hepatitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 73 PLC patients with concurrent hepatic schistosomiasis and chronic hepatitis,of which 16 patients developed liver dysfunction(persistent ascites or pleural effusion or occurrence of liver-related potentially fatal complications)following hepatectomy,was performed.After clinical characteristics were recorded,preoperative liver function parameters and surgery-related parameters in these patients were assessed.Seventeen potential risk factors for post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction were identified.The association between these potential risk factors and post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction then was analyzed.Results:Univariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis,intraoperative blood loss,and preoperative total bilirubin were associated with the development of post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis of these three factors revealed that intraoperative blood loss≥600 mL and cirrhosis were two independent risk factors for post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction in PLC patients with concurrent hepatic schistosomiasis and chronic hepatitis.Conclusion:Keeping intraoperative blood loss below 600 mL can help avoid the development of post-hepatectomy liver dysfunction in liver cancer patients with concurrent hepatic schistosomiasis and chronic hepatitis.For patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis,every effort should be made to minimize potential liver function impairment induced by other adverse factors.

Contrast induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention： risk factors and preventive strategy

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical outcome of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and discuss its prevention. Methods Fifty-four patients with C1N among 729 patients who received PCI were retrospectively studied and the related risk factors, cardiovascular events and preventive strategy were analyzed. Results C1N was strongly associated with pre-procedure chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and large-dose contrast. The incidence of cardiac mortality and major adverse cardiac events 1 year after PCI in CIN group was higher than that in group without CIN. Conclusion Chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and dosage of contrast agent were three independent risk factors of CIN. CIN could affect the patients＇ prognosis. A well overall perioperative management of CAD patients following PCI, especially hydration therapy, is the most important strategy for prevention of CIN.