One of the traditional games played among the Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria utilizes the seeds ofDioclea reflexa. An investigation into the current status of the game was conducted to determine the extent to ...One of the traditional games played among the Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria utilizes the seeds ofDioclea reflexa. An investigation into the current status of the game was conducted to determine the extent to which it is still played. Although results indicate that the game is still being played in the rural areas, it also shows that it is steeply decreasing in popularity. About 6.6% of respondents interviewed have never heard of the game, while about 77% have played, or still play the game. Overall 17% of all respondents, or 22% of those who have ever played, still play the game. About 26% of respondents are optimistic about the game surviving their generation. The decline in popularity is attributable to decreasing proportion of youths in rural areas due to rural-urban migration, emergence of computer games, and scarcity of the seeds. Cultivation of D. reflexa plant for the game, food and medicinal purposes is recommended.展开更多
The co-evolutionary dynamics of a cyclic game system is investigated in a two-dimensional square lattice with the asymmetrical rates for three species. Different with the well-mixed system, coexistence and extinction ...The co-evolutionary dynamics of a cyclic game system is investigated in a two-dimensional square lattice with the asymmetrical rates for three species. Different with the well-mixed system, coexistence and extinction emerge alternately in the system, where a ＂zero-one＂ behavior is robust for a small population size, whereas, the system is predominated by coexistence for a big population one. We study in detail the influence about the fluctuation to the change of the state, and find that the difference between the maximal amplitude about the fluctuation and the average intensity determines which state the system is ultimately. In addition, we introduce Ports energy to explain the reason of the ＂zero-one＂ behavior. It is shown that the average Ports energy per site is the distance to the ＂zero-one＂ behavior in the model.展开更多
文摘One of the traditional games played among the Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria utilizes the seeds ofDioclea reflexa. An investigation into the current status of the game was conducted to determine the extent to which it is still played. Although results indicate that the game is still being played in the rural areas, it also shows that it is steeply decreasing in popularity. About 6.6% of respondents interviewed have never heard of the game, while about 77% have played, or still play the game. Overall 17% of all respondents, or 22% of those who have ever played, still play the game. About 26% of respondents are optimistic about the game surviving their generation. The decline in popularity is attributable to decreasing proportion of youths in rural areas due to rural-urban migration, emergence of computer games, and scarcity of the seeds. Cultivation of D. reflexa plant for the game, food and medicinal purposes is recommended.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10974146the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.Y6090222the Wenzhou Science & Technology Bureau under Grant No.R20080059
文摘The co-evolutionary dynamics of a cyclic game system is investigated in a two-dimensional square lattice with the asymmetrical rates for three species. Different with the well-mixed system, coexistence and extinction emerge alternately in the system, where a ＂zero-one＂ behavior is robust for a small population size, whereas, the system is predominated by coexistence for a big population one. We study in detail the influence about the fluctuation to the change of the state, and find that the difference between the maximal amplitude about the fluctuation and the average intensity determines which state the system is ultimately. In addition, we introduce Ports energy to explain the reason of the ＂zero-one＂ behavior. It is shown that the average Ports energy per site is the distance to the ＂zero-one＂ behavior in the model.
