A method of gradient-elution HPLC with UV detection was developed for theanalysis of nine major constituents of Salvia species, a commonly used TCM herb, namely danshensu,protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, sal...A method of gradient-elution HPLC with UV detection was developed for theanalysis of nine major constituents of Salvia species, a commonly used TCM herb, namely danshensu,protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, salviano-lic acid B, methyltanshinone, dihydrotanshinone,cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠand tanshinoneⅡ_A. In the present study, a Shimadzu CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 6 mm, 5 μm) was utilized and 0.5% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) were used forgradient elution at a total flow rate of 0.8 mL· min^(-1). All calibration curves showed goodlinear regression ( r > 0.999) within test ranges. Extraction was conducted by refluxing methanol(10 mL) with dried herb (0.5 g) for 1.0 h.The assay was simple, convenient and reproducible. Theproposed method was successfully applied to the determination of nine major constituents in thirteenSalvia. species and the results showed that the contents of Salvia components vary in differentspecies and origin. Tanshinone was hardly detected in S. yunnanensis and S. prionitis, thereforethey are not suitable for clinical use as Danshen.展开更多
To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica L. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and the structures were elucidated by various s...To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica L. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and the structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, especially 2D- NMR spectra. A new tfiterpenoid, 1β,3β,1 1α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene （1）, together with six known compounds, androsta-l,4-diene-3,17- dione （2）, isoshinznolone （3）, neoechinulin A （4）, harman （5）, ergostadiene-3β,5α,6β-triol （6） and N-（N＇-benzoyl-S-phenylalaninyl）-S- phenylalaninol （7） were isolated from the aerial parts ofP. zeylanica. Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2, 4-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time.展开更多
Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, removal of lead from aqueous solutions is investigated using a novel gel adsor...Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, removal of lead from aqueous solutions is investigated using a novel gel adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. The novel adsorbent performs in aqueous solutions as a weak base with valid basic groups of 1.2mmol·g-1 tannin gel particles and therefore results in the elevation of pH value of aqueous solutions. Even when initial pH is 3.6, final pH at equilibrium can climb up to 6.5 that is above the pH value for Pb(OH)2 precipitation formation and then lead can be removed from wastewater by this so-called surface precipitation. The adsorption isotherm can be expressed by the Langmuir equation and the maximum capacity for adsorption of Pb is up to 92 mg·g-1 (based on dry adsorbent) when initial pH value is 3.6. Hence, the adsorbent does offer favorable properties in lead removal with respect to its high adsorption capacity at low initial pH value, which is advantageous to lead removal from acidic wastewater. A model is put forward to describe the individual adsorption phenomenon of the tannin gel adsorbent.展开更多
Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on ...Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on grape quality and storage life in 2009 and 2010. Grapevines were covered with three different densities （shading ratios： 35%, 55%, 75%） at the veraison period. Unshaded （0%） control grapevines and grapevines shaded under different ratios were covered with polypropylene cross-stitch just before harvest maturity. Grapes under cover were harvested nearly one month after than those maturing under open conditions. Grape clusters were packed in PE bags and pre-cooled after harvest and then SO2-generating pads has been put on top, bags were sealed. In the second year at the 120th day of the storage, decay development has been observed in all applications. Total soluble solids content, maturity index and a＊ colour value were found lower in 55% and 75% shaded grapes compared to unshaded grapevines. Still, berry removal force and hue angle value in 55% and 75% of shaded grapes were higher than unshaded grapes. Effects of shading ratios on these parameters decrease or disappear at the end of storage.展开更多
Salvia officinalis L. was cultivated in different geographic locations of Albania. Sage plants originated from imported seeds and wild Albanian plants. Around 30 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oil...Salvia officinalis L. was cultivated in different geographic locations of Albania. Sage plants originated from imported seeds and wild Albanian plants. Around 30 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oils of all cultivated sage plants; the latter were found to be very rich in camphen, fl-thujone, a-pinene, eucaliptol, rich to moderate in β-pinene and camphor, and less rich in a-thujone and limonene. Sharp differences in chemical composition patterns and content of individual chemical compounds were noticed between and within cultivation sites. Cultivated sage was poorer in α-thujone versus wild plants. Cultivated sage, of Albanian wild plants origin, was the richest in α-thujone （18.45%） versus imported seeds sage. β-thujone over-dominated α-thujone in all cultivated sage plants. Volatile characters of cultivated sage were indicative of the species but not of the geographic origin of plant material. Variation in essential oils composition and chemical compounds＇ content （biosynthetic pathways） in cultivated sage is related more to the genetic background than the environmental factors. If cultivating sage in Albania, then wild local ecotypes would be best to use as α-thujone is maintained at satisfactory levels, local natural base is preserved, unnecessary hybridization with imported seeds sage is prevented, and are more resistant and cost effective.展开更多
Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of ...Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.展开更多
The chemical constituents of Cortex Moutan charcoal were studied in depth, and their coagulation activity was screened. The chemical constituents were isolated by polyamide, silica gel and Sephadex G-Sepharose chromat...The chemical constituents of Cortex Moutan charcoal were studied in depth, and their coagulation activity was screened. The chemical constituents were isolated by polyamide, silica gel and Sephadex G-Sepharose chromatography purification, and their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and other analyses. A total of 10 compounds were obtained and identified as follows： 3-（2-furan）-l-（2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl）-2-propylene ketone （1）, 2-（2,5-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl） propionate ethyl ester （2）, methyl tetradec-5-enoate （3）, 1,4-diethylcyclohexane （4）, catechol （5）, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate （6）, 3-hydroxy- 2-methyl-4-pyrone （7）, 3,8-dihydroxy-2-metyl-chromone （8）, 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en （9）, 1-monolinolein （10）. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new natural products, and 3-10 were isolated from the Cortex Moutan charcoal for the first time. The potential coagulation activities of compounds were evaluated, and compounds 2, 9 and 10 had strong hemostatic effects. While compounds 1 and 8 could significantly activate blood circulation.展开更多
文摘A method of gradient-elution HPLC with UV detection was developed for theanalysis of nine major constituents of Salvia species, a commonly used TCM herb, namely danshensu,protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, salviano-lic acid B, methyltanshinone, dihydrotanshinone,cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠand tanshinoneⅡ_A. In the present study, a Shimadzu CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 6 mm, 5 μm) was utilized and 0.5% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) were used forgradient elution at a total flow rate of 0.8 mL· min^(-1). All calibration curves showed goodlinear regression ( r > 0.999) within test ranges. Extraction was conducted by refluxing methanol(10 mL) with dried herb (0.5 g) for 1.0 h.The assay was simple, convenient and reproducible. Theproposed method was successfully applied to the determination of nine major constituents in thirteenSalvia. species and the results showed that the contents of Salvia components vary in differentspecies and origin. Tanshinone was hardly detected in S. yunnanensis and S. prionitis, thereforethey are not suitable for clinical use as Danshen.
基金973 Project(Grant No.2007CB516805)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant No.05112001-3B2)the Project of the Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Resources and Molecular Engineering Guangxi Normal University(Grant No.0630006-5D09).
文摘To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica L. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and the structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, especially 2D- NMR spectra. A new tfiterpenoid, 1β,3β,1 1α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene （1）, together with six known compounds, androsta-l,4-diene-3,17- dione （2）, isoshinznolone （3）, neoechinulin A （4）, harman （5）, ergostadiene-3β,5α,6β-triol （6） and N-（N＇-benzoyl-S-phenylalaninyl）-S- phenylalaninol （7） were isolated from the aerial parts ofP. zeylanica. Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2, 4-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
文摘Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, removal of lead from aqueous solutions is investigated using a novel gel adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. The novel adsorbent performs in aqueous solutions as a weak base with valid basic groups of 1.2mmol·g-1 tannin gel particles and therefore results in the elevation of pH value of aqueous solutions. Even when initial pH is 3.6, final pH at equilibrium can climb up to 6.5 that is above the pH value for Pb(OH)2 precipitation formation and then lead can be removed from wastewater by this so-called surface precipitation. The adsorption isotherm can be expressed by the Langmuir equation and the maximum capacity for adsorption of Pb is up to 92 mg·g-1 (based on dry adsorbent) when initial pH value is 3.6. Hence, the adsorbent does offer favorable properties in lead removal with respect to its high adsorption capacity at low initial pH value, which is advantageous to lead removal from acidic wastewater. A model is put forward to describe the individual adsorption phenomenon of the tannin gel adsorbent.
文摘Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on grape quality and storage life in 2009 and 2010. Grapevines were covered with three different densities （shading ratios： 35%, 55%, 75%） at the veraison period. Unshaded （0%） control grapevines and grapevines shaded under different ratios were covered with polypropylene cross-stitch just before harvest maturity. Grapes under cover were harvested nearly one month after than those maturing under open conditions. Grape clusters were packed in PE bags and pre-cooled after harvest and then SO2-generating pads has been put on top, bags were sealed. In the second year at the 120th day of the storage, decay development has been observed in all applications. Total soluble solids content, maturity index and a＊ colour value were found lower in 55% and 75% shaded grapes compared to unshaded grapevines. Still, berry removal force and hue angle value in 55% and 75% of shaded grapes were higher than unshaded grapes. Effects of shading ratios on these parameters decrease or disappear at the end of storage.
文摘Salvia officinalis L. was cultivated in different geographic locations of Albania. Sage plants originated from imported seeds and wild Albanian plants. Around 30 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oils of all cultivated sage plants; the latter were found to be very rich in camphen, fl-thujone, a-pinene, eucaliptol, rich to moderate in β-pinene and camphor, and less rich in a-thujone and limonene. Sharp differences in chemical composition patterns and content of individual chemical compounds were noticed between and within cultivation sites. Cultivated sage was poorer in α-thujone versus wild plants. Cultivated sage, of Albanian wild plants origin, was the richest in α-thujone （18.45%） versus imported seeds sage. β-thujone over-dominated α-thujone in all cultivated sage plants. Volatile characters of cultivated sage were indicative of the species but not of the geographic origin of plant material. Variation in essential oils composition and chemical compounds＇ content （biosynthetic pathways） in cultivated sage is related more to the genetic background than the environmental factors. If cultivating sage in Albania, then wild local ecotypes would be best to use as α-thujone is maintained at satisfactory levels, local natural base is preserved, unnecessary hybridization with imported seeds sage is prevented, and are more resistant and cost effective.
文摘Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81473352)Guangdong Province Innovation Training Project(Grant No.201610573040)Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau Foundation(Grant No.201707010170)
文摘The chemical constituents of Cortex Moutan charcoal were studied in depth, and their coagulation activity was screened. The chemical constituents were isolated by polyamide, silica gel and Sephadex G-Sepharose chromatography purification, and their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and other analyses. A total of 10 compounds were obtained and identified as follows： 3-（2-furan）-l-（2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl）-2-propylene ketone （1）, 2-（2,5-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl） propionate ethyl ester （2）, methyl tetradec-5-enoate （3）, 1,4-diethylcyclohexane （4）, catechol （5）, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate （6）, 3-hydroxy- 2-methyl-4-pyrone （7）, 3,8-dihydroxy-2-metyl-chromone （8）, 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en （9）, 1-monolinolein （10）. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new natural products, and 3-10 were isolated from the Cortex Moutan charcoal for the first time. The potential coagulation activities of compounds were evaluated, and compounds 2, 9 and 10 had strong hemostatic effects. While compounds 1 and 8 could significantly activate blood circulation.
