成像空间分辨率均衡化与目标快速检测技术

分析了红外玫瑰线扫描亚成像制导的成像空间分布函数 ,提出一种基于神经网络模型的成像空间分辨率均衡化目标快速检测技术 .该技术针对亚图像成像空间分辨率的非线性特性 ,有效利用每个像素所携带的信息 ,实现亚图像目标的均衡识别 ,从而提高系统的全域检测概率 .实验结果表明该技术方案是可行的 。

高空间分辨率关联成像技术研究

关联成像受限于成像机制,其空间分辨率与时间分辨率相互制约。成像空间分辨率越高,所需的调制散斑越多,对应的采集时间越长。针对此瓶颈,提出采用多个低空间分辨率散斑同时对高空间分辨率物体调制的关联成像方法,利用单像素探测器接收被调制物体信号,并基于迭代算法与压缩感知算法重构高空间分辨率成像物体图像。利用数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明,所实现的高空间分辨率关联成像技术大幅降低了调制散斑数量,减少了在线采样时间,在生物医学等要求高空间分辨率且对采样时间苛刻的领域具有重要的应用价值。

余弦编码复用高空间分辨率关联成像研究

发展了一种余弦编码复用高空间分辨率关联成像技术。首先通过构造多个低空间分辨率的余弦编码散斑复用为高空间分辨率调制散斑对目标进行调制照明,单像素探测器收集调制光与目标相互作用后产生的散射光强,由迭代算法复原出目标的混叠图像。进而鉴于余弦编码所特有的确定性频谱结构,利用数字图像处理方法高效解码重构出多个低空间分辨率物体图像,最终拼接为高空间分辨率目标图像。理论分析了余弦编码复用高空间分辨率关联成像技术实现方法,并仿真验证了该方法的有效性。本方法大幅降低了传统高空间分辨率关联成像所需的调制散斑,减少了在线采样时间与离线图像重构时间,提高了高空间分辨率关联成像的成像效率。

钛靶X射线超环面晶体衍射高分辨率聚焦诊断技术研究

针对等离子体X射线成像诊断高空间分辨率的需求,本文提出了一种基于超环面石英晶体衍射聚焦元件的钛靶X射线高分辨率聚焦成像结构,研究分析了超环面晶体成像的原理及特性。为证明超环面晶体具有高空间分辨率特性,基于X射线衍射追迹原理对球面及超环面晶体的X射线衍射进行性能仿真,在保持射线源及成像物体不变的条件下,对比分析了不同晶体面形结构的衍射成像结果,计算得到球面晶体和超环面晶体在弧矢方向上的成像空间分辨率分别约为40μm和5μm。仿真结果表明超环面晶体作为X射线衍射分光元件较传统的球面晶体具有强聚焦、高空间分辨率的特点,是较为理想的X射线衍射分光元件。此外,本文利用特征峰能量为4.75 keV的钛靶激光装置、IP板以及超环面石英晶体完成了X射线背光成像实验研究,其中超环面石英晶体的子午面和弧矢面半径分别为295.6 mm和268.5 mm,晶格常数2d=0.2749 nm,实验获得了清晰的栅格成像图。实验结果表明该超环面石英晶体能够对钛靶X射线进行衍射成像,并能获得较高的成像空间分辨率。实验中获得的超环面石英晶体衍射的最终成像空间分辨率为10μm。

Sonography of the small intestine

In the last two decades, there has been substantial development in the diagnostic possibilities for examining the small intestine. Compared with computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy, ultrasonography has the advantage of being cheap, portable, flexible and user-and patient-friendly, while at the same time providing the clinician with image data of high temporal and spatial resolution. The method has limitations with penetration in obesity and with intestinal air impairing image quality. The flexibility ultrasonography offers the examiner also implies that a systematic approach during scanning is needed. This paper reviews the basic scanning techniques and new modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, strain rate imaging, hydrosonography, allergosonography, endoscopic sonography and nutritional imaging, and the literature on disease-specific findings in the small intestine. Some of these methods have shown clinical benefit, while others are under research and development to establish their role in the diagnostic repertoire. However, along with improved overall image quality of new ultrasound scanners, these methodshave enabled more anatomical and physiological changes in the small intestine to be observed. Accordingly, ultrasound of the small intestine is an attractive clinical tool to study patients with a range of diseases.

Comparison of modelled-and remote sensing-derived daily snow line altitudes at Ulugh Muztagh,northern Tibetan Plateau

The ice cap Ulugh Muztagh in the central Kunlun Shan at the northern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau is a very isolated region with arid cold conditions. No observational, meteorological or glaciological ground truth data is available. Using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) Level 1 radiance Swath Data(MOD02QKM) with a spatial resolution of 250 m, transient snow lines during the months of July to September in 2001 to 2014 are derived. Results are used to calibrate the physical based Coupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and Mass balance model(COSIMA). The model runs on a representative detail region of Ulugh Muztagh(UM) on a digital elevation model with the same spatial resolution as the MODIS bands. In the absence of field observations, the model is driven solely by dynamically downscaled global analysis data from the High Asia Refined analysis(HAR). We compare remote sensing derived and modelled mean regional transient snow line altitudes in the course of consecutive summer seasons in 2008 to 2010. The resulting snow line altitude(SLA) and annual equilibrium line altitude(ELA) proxy of both methods coincide very well in their interannual variability in accordance with interannual variability of climatic conditions. Since SLAs of both methods do notconsistently agree on a daily basis a usage of remote sensing derived SLAs for model calibration in the absence of field observation data is only limitedly feasible for daily analysis. ELA approximation using the highest SLA at the end of ablation period may not be applied to UM because the negative winter mass balance(MB) is not reflected in the summer SLA. The study reveals moderate negative MB for UM throughout the modelling period. The mean regional MB of UM accounts for-523±410 mm w.e. a-1 in the modelling period. Hence UM seems not to belong to the area of the ‘Karakorum anomaly' comprising a region of positive mass balances in recent years which has its centre presumably in the Western Kunlun Shan.

Fusion of ERT Images Based on Dempster-Shafer's Evidence Theory

In this paper, an electrical resistance tomography(ERT) imaging method is used as a classifier, and then the Dempster-Shafer's evidence theory with fuzzy clustering is integrated to improve the ERT image quality. The fuzzy clustering is applied to determining the key mass function, and dealing with the uncertain, incomplete and inconsistent measured imaging data in ERT. The proposed method was applied to images with the same investigated object under eight typical current drive patterns. Experiments were performed on a group of simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics tool and measurements with a piece of porcine lung and a pair of porcine kidneys as test materials. Compared with any single drive pattern, the proposed method can provide images with a spatial resolution of about 10% higher, while the time resolution was almost the same.

塔基遥感视频监控有效性评估方法

以铁塔作为基础平台,利用其上搭载的相机或其他传感器进行近地面观测被称为塔基遥感。塔基遥感具有不易受到云层遮挡等自然因素影响、可以全天候实时获取视频信息的特点,可有效填补航空航天遥感与地面观测网络之间的尺度空缺,已在各个领域得到广泛应用。然而在面对大面积观测区域和复杂的任务目标时,塔基遥感的实际应用则受到复杂的地形及成像时空间分辨率的约束。如何评估其成像有效性成为未来塔基遥感平台优化建设的关键。为解决上述问题,本研究剖析了塔基遥感相机的成像特点和主要遮挡因素,构建起其实际覆盖范围分析方法。依托主要应用的空间分辨率需求建立分辨率分级体系,并结合实际覆盖范围和相机参数明确各项应用的可应用区域,据此评估塔基遥感视频数据有效性。以南京市江宁区"慧眼守土"塔基遥感视频监控系统为例进行实验分析,结果表明,现有塔基遥感相机受到了周边地形及塔基自身的严重遮挡,5 km内平均覆盖率仅3.20%,塔基自身造成了47.66%视角被遮挡。具有极高、高等级分辨率需求的应用实际覆盖情况较为理想,但中、低等级分辨率应用的实际覆盖情况需要进一步优化。增加相机高度、提升相机变焦能力以及增设环形轨道可以有效对塔基遥感相机的应用有效性进行优化。本研究的分析方法和结果可以为未来数据采集和各项实际应用提供支撑,成为系统评估及选址优化的参考依据。

Single-pixel imaging with neutrons

Neutron imaging is an invaluable tool for noninvasive analysis in many fields.However,neutron facilities are expensive and inconvenient to access,while portable sources are not strong enough to form even a static image within an acceptable time frame using traditional neutron imaging.Here we demonstrate a new scheme for single-pixel neutron imaging of real objects,with spatial and spectral resolutions of 100 lm and 0.4%at 1A,respectively.Low illumination down to 1000 neutron counts per frame pattern was achieved.The experimental setup is simple,inexpensive,and especially suitable for low intensity portable sources,which should greatly benefit applications in biology,material science,and industry.

Study on the imaging ability of the 2D neutron detector based on MWPC

A 2D neutron detector based on 3He convertor and MWPC with an active area of 200 mmx200 mm has been successfully designed and fabricated. The detector has been tested with Am/Be neutron source and with collimated neutron beam with the wavelength of λ=1.37A. The best spatial resolution of 1.18 mm （FWHM） and good linearity were obtained. This is in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

Decoding algorithms of single photon counting imager based on two-dimensional Vernier anodes

The decoding algorithms of two-dimensional Vernier anodes are deduced theoretically.The precision of decoding and uniqueness of encoding are proved.The influencing factors of detection sensitivity and spatial resolution are discussed.The single photon imaging system is constructed,and the two-dimensional Vernier collector is fabricated.The image of the ultra-weak emission source is reconstructed.The spatial resolution of the system is about 100μm.

Resolution of ghost imaging with entangled photons for different types of momentum correlation

We present an analytical analysis of the spatial resolution of quantum ghost imaging implemented by entangled photons from a general, spontaneously parametric, down-conversion process. We find that the resolution is affected by both the pump beam waist and the nonlinear crystal length. Hence, we determined a method to improve the resolution for a certain imaging setup. It should be noted that the resolution is not uniquely related to the degree of entanglement of the photon pair since the resolution can be optimized for a certain degree of entanglement. For certain types of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) states——namely the momentum-correlated or momentum-positively correlated states——the resolution exhibits a simpler relationship with the pump beam waist and crystal length. Further, a vivid numerical simulation of ghost imaging is presented for different types of EPR states,which supports our analysis. This work discusses applicable references to the applications of quantum ghost imaging.

Geologic characteristics of the Chang'E-3 exploration region

We present topographic, geomorphologic and compositional characteristics of a l°×l° （-660 km2） region centered near the landing site of Chang＇E-3 using the highest spatial resolution data available. We analyze the topography and slope using Digi- tal Terrain Model （DTM） generated from Terrain Camera （TC） images. The exploration region is overall relatively flat and the elevation difference is less than 300 m, and the slopes of 80% area are less than 5~. Impact craters in the exploration region are classified into four types based on their degradation states. We investigate the wrinkle ridges visible in the exploration region in detail using TC and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter （LRO） Narrow Angle Camera （NAC） images. We calculate FeO and TiO2 abundances using Multispectral Imager （MI） data, and confirm two basaltic units： the northern part belongs to Imbrian low-Ti/very-low-Ti mare basalts, and the southern part is Eratosthenian low-Ti/high-Ti mare basalts. Finally, we produce a ge- ological map and propose the geologic evolution of the exploration region. We also suggest several rover traverses to explore interesting targets and maximize the potential scientific output.

Construction of smart inorganic nanoparticle-based ultrasound contrast agents and their biomedical applications

Ultrasound(US) imaging in combination with US contrast agents(UCAs) is a powerful tool in the modern biomedical field because of its high spatial resolution, easy access to patients and minimum invasiveness.The microbubble-based UCAs have been widely used in clinical diagnosis; however, they are only limited to the blood pool imaging and not applicable to the tissue-penetrated imaging due to their large particle size and structural instability. Inorganic nanoparticles(NPs), such as silica,gold and Fe x O y, featured with both satisfactory echogenic properties and structural stability have the potential to be used as a new generation of UCAs. In this review, we present the most recent progresses in the tailored construction of inorganic UCAs and their biomedical applications in the US imaging-involved fields. Firstly, the typical inorganic NPs with different structures including solid, hollow and multiple-layer forms will be comprehensively introduced in terms of their structure design,physicochemical property, US imaging mechanism and diverse applications; secondly, the recent progress in exploring the gas-generating inorganic NP system for US imaging purpose will be reviewed, and these intelligent UCAs are multifunctional for simultaneous US imaging and disease therapy; thirdly, several nanocomposite platforms newly constructed by combining inorganic UCAs with other functional components will be presented anddiscussed. These multifunctional NPs are capable of further enhancing the imaging resolution by providing more comprehensive anatomical information simultaneously.Last but not the least, the design criteria for developing promising UCAs to satisfy both clinical demands and optimized US imaging capability will be discussed and summarized in this review.

Three-dimensional structured on-chip stacked zone plates for nanoscale X-ray imaging with high efficiency

Fresnel zone plates are the key optical elements for nanoscale focusing of X-ray beams with high spatial resolution. Conventional zone plates manufactured by planar nanotechnology processes are limited by the achievable aspect ratios of their zone structures. Additionally, ultra-high resolution X-ray optics with high efficiency requires three-dimensional （3-D） shaped tilted zones. The combination of high spatial resolution and high diffraction efficiency is a fundamental problem in X-ray optics. Based on electrodynamical simulations, we find that the optimized zone plate profile for volume diffraction is given by zone structures with radially increasing tilt angles and decreasing zone heights. On-chip stacking permits the realization of such advanced 3-D profiles without significant loss of the maximum theoretical efficiency. We developed triple layer on-chip stacked zone plates with an overlay accuracy of sub-2 nm which fulfills the nanofabrication requirements. Efficiency measurements of on-chip stacked zone plates show significantly increased values compared to conventional zone plates.