基于化学计量学结合差异成分定量的小儿麻甘颗粒质量分析

目的通过化学计量学结合成分含量差异分析的方法,对市售小儿麻甘颗粒的质量进行分析。方法采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱法进行基础成分轮廓谱研究;使用偏最小二乘-判别分析量化并筛选质量差异标志物,建立差异成分的多组分定量及指纹图谱方法,使用主成分分析并计算主成分综合得分。结果轮廓谱鉴定出12个共有峰,分别归属于地骨皮、桑白皮、苦杏仁、甘草、紫苏子、黄芩6味药材;以变量重要性投影值>1为标准,筛选出4个质量差异标志性成分(桑皮苷A、苦杏仁苷、迷迭香酸、黄芩苷);45批样品指纹图谱相似度在0.867~0.997之间,标定14个成分,指认出桑皮苷A、L-苦杏仁苷、苦杏仁苷、迷迭香酸、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素8个成分。各企业主成分1的得分排序为:G>H>A>C>E>D>F>I>B;主成分2的得分排序为:F>G>H>B>E>D>C>A>I;综合得分排序为:G>H>C>A>E>F>D>I>B。结论企业G和H的制剂质量最优。建立的指纹图谱及质量差异性成分定量方法准确可靠,可为小儿麻甘颗粒的质量分析提供参考。

HPLC法同时测定萹蓄药材中8种活性成分的含量

目的建立同时分离测定萹蓄药材中绿原酸、槲皮苷、杨梅苷、金丝桃苷、木犀草苷、槲皮素、山奈素、咖啡酸等8种有效成分含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法采用Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.5%磷酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱;柱温45℃;流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长360 nm。再对河北产三批次萹蓄药材进行成分分析。结果8种成分在1~40μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积均呈良好的线性关系,重复性、精密度和稳定性实验都符合要求,加样回收率为97.62%~111.16%。三批次萹蓄药材成分含量及比重有差异。结论HPLC法简便、准确、快速、重现性好,可用于萹蓄药材中这8种成分含量的同时测定。

冻地银莲花中三萜皂苷的HPLC/MS^n分析

药用植物冻地银莲花(Anemonerupestrisssp.gelida)的全草中含有丰富的三萜皂苷,经HPLC-MSn分析,发现其总皂苷中共含有10余个三萜皂苷成分.除由总离子流色谱图给出各皂苷成分的相对含量外,从每个色谱峰的正负离子ESI-MS获得相应皂苷的分子量,进而由多级质谱给出糖链连接的信息,结合文献报道,将11个主要三萜皂苷成分分别鉴定为革叶常春藤皂苷F(1),牡丹草皂苷D(2),刺楸皂苷B(3),革叶常春藤皂苷E(4),红毛七皂苷D(5),常春藤皂苷B(6),刺五加皂苷C3(7),牡丹草皂苷B(8),刺楸皂苷A(9),木通皂苷D(10)和齐墩果酸-3-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-阿拉伯糖苷(11).其中微量成分2,5,7,10和11为首次从冻地银莲花中分离鉴定.最后通过与标准品的HPLC保留时间对照证实了他们的存在.

Analysis and Evaluation Indicator Selection of Chilling Tolerance of Different Cotton Genotypes

[Objectivc] This study aimed to investigate the chilling tolerance of seedlings of different cotton genotypes and screen appropriate indicators for assess- ing chilling tolerance, to establish reliable mathematical evaluation model for chilling tolerance of cotton, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding and promoting new chilling-tolerant cotton germplasms and large-scale evaluation of chilling tolerance of cotton varieties. [Method] Fifteen cotton varieties （lines） were used as experimental materials. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence ki- netic parameters, chlorophyll content, relative soluble sugar content, malonaldehyde content, relative proiine content, relative conductivity and other 12 physiological indi- cators of seedling leaves under low temperature treatment （5 ℃, 12 h） and recovery treatment （25 ℃. 24 h） were determined; based on the chilling tolerance coefficient （CTC） of various individual indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of chilling toler- ance was conducled by using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster anal- ysis and stepwise regression analysis. [Result] The results showed that the 12 indi- vidual physiological indicators could be classified into 7 independent comprehensive components by principal component analysis; 15 cotton varieties （lines） were clus- tered into three categories by using membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis; the mathematical model for evaluating chilling tolerance of cotton seedlings was established： D =0.275 -0.244Fo1 ＋0.206Fv/Fm1＋0.326g,%-0.056SS ＋ 0.225MDA＋O.O38REC （FF=0.995）, and the evaluation accuracy of the equation was higher than 94.25%,0. Six identification indicators closely related to chilling tolerance were screened, including Fo,, Fv/Fm1, Seedling leaves of cotton varieties （lines） gs2, SS, MDA, and REC. [Conclusion] with high chilling tolerance are less dam- aged under low temperature stress, and are able to maintain relatively high photo- synthetic electron transport capacity and high stomatal conductance after recovery treatment, which is contributed to gas exchange and recovery of photosynthetic ca- pacity. Determination of the six indicators under the same stress condition can be adopted for rapid identification and prediction of the chilling tolerance of other cotton varieties, which provides basis for the breeding, promotion, identification and screen- ing of chilling tolerant germplasms.

Effect of Reclamation Time and Land Use on Soil Properties in Changjiang River Estuary,China

The objective of this study is to analyze soil physical and chemical properties,soil comprehensive functions and impact factors after different years of reclamation.Based on the survey data taken from 216 soil sampling points in the Fengxian Reclamation Area of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary,China in April 2009 and remotely sensed TM data in 2006,while by virtue of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA),geo-statistical analysis (GA),prin-cipal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA),it was concluded that:1) With the in-crease in reclamation time,soil moisture,soil salinity,soil electric conductivity and soil particle size tended to decline,yet soil organic matter tended to increase.Soil available phosphorous tended to increase in the early reclamation period,yet it tended to decline after about 49 years of reclamation.Soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonia nitrogen and pH changed slightly in different reclamation years.Soil physical and chemical properties reached a steady state after about 30 years of reclamation.2) According to the results of PCA analysis,the weighted value (0.97 in total) that represents soil nutrient factors (soil nitrate nitrogen,soil organic matter,soil available phosphorous,soil ammonia nitrogen,pH and soil particle size) were higher than the weighted value (0.48 in total) of soil limiting factors (soil salinity,soil elec-tric conductivity and soil moisture).The higher the F value is,the better the soil quality is.3) Different land use types play different roles in the soil function maturity process,with farmlands providing the best contribution.4) Soil physi-cal and chemical properties in the reclamation area were mainly influenced by reclamation time,and then by land use types.The correlation (0.1905) of the composite index of soil function (F) with reclamation time was greater than that with land use types (-0.1161).

Classification of Thai Honey Origins by Their Mineral Contents and Color Parameters

Honey is a product of the elaboration of flower nectar by bees. The general features and elemental composition of honey depend on its botanical origin. In this study, five color parameters （L＊： lightness, a＊： red color, b＊： yellow color, C＊ab and hab） and five elements （Na, K, Mg, Ca and Zn） were determined and related with 91 Thai honey samples. The origins of four botanic types of （1） longan flower （Dimocarpus sp.）, （2） lynchee flower （Litchi sp.）, （3） sunflower （Helianthus sp.） and （4） wild flower （Eupatorium sp.） using principle component analysis （PCA）. The results showed that five color parameters and five metal contents related with the Thai botanic origins of the honeys using principle component analysis （PCA）. Six major indicators of PC i （variance is 44.33%） from three color parameters are L＊（-0.926）, a＊（0.927） and hue or hab （0.824） and from three metal contents are K（0.833）, Ca（0.816） and Mg（0.595）. Two minor indicators of PC2 （variance is 21.58%） from color parameters are b＊（-0.934） and Chroma or C＊ab （-0.834）. Two indicators of PC3 （%variance is 12.47%） from contents of Na （-0.722） and Zn （0.704）. Thai Lynchee （C） flower honeys classified using both six parameters in PC 1 and two color parameters in PC2. Thai longan flower （G） honeys classified using the contents of Zn and Na in PC3 parameters. Thai sunflower （S） honeys classified using two color parameters in PC2. Thai wild flower （W） honeys classified using the metal contents of K in PC 1 parameter, Zn and Na in PC3 parameters.

Characterization and Chemometrics Based-Approach to Classify Some Algerian Blossom Honeys

Physicochemical characterization of 82 Algerian honeys, collected between 2005 and 2010, from different botanical and geographical origins were analyzed. The studied parameters were： water content, pH, free acidity （FA）, electrical conductivity （EC）, ash content, hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde （HMF）, proline content, specific rotatory power and color. Most of the measured parameters had showed values in the range of the international standards, with a particular richness in proline and ash content. Chemometrics-based approach reveals that the discriminated groups were Citrus, Ziziphus and forest even with over represented groups like Eucalyptus. Principle component analysis （PCA） enabled to extract three principal components explaining nearly 65% of total variance, PCj and PC2 were related to botanical origin whereas PC3 to honey age. Analysis of variance showed that the studied variables were almost different depending on botanical, geographical origin and season. The current study also shows the presence of diverse honey varieties in Algeria. The collected data will contribute to the creation of products with protected geographical or/and botanical origins.

Composition and Thermal Behavior of Oils from Native Seeds and Fruits of Argentina and Uruguay

The purpose of this work was to study the thermal characterization of oils extracted from native seeds and fruits of the Argentina, Uruguayan region. This is important because it＇s necessary to find new applications for food industry. Uruguayan wild cardoon seed, Argentinian wild papaya seeds, Argentinian avocado pulp, Argentinian cherimoya seeds, Argentinian grapeseeds and four commercial brands of chia oils were studied. The thermal behaviors of the oils were analyzed on a differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, TA Instrument, Q20 model equipped with an intercooler. These oils＇ thermal profiles presented differences, which are related to the compositions of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. The thermogram for the chia oil, with a high content of linolenic acid, presented a very important peak at about -40 ℃; whereas, the papaya oil with an oleic acid content of 74%, showed a peak at about -3 ℃. When comparing the thermal behaviors of these oils to commercial brand oils, it was found that the chia oil is similar to the flaxseed oil, the papaya similar to the olive oil and the avocado similar to the rice bran oil. The avocado oil, in particular, presents high solid content at cold store or winter temperatures, which would make its use in those conditions difficult （for example, a cosmetic cream or gourmet oil）. In conclusion, the thermal behavior of one oil sample as determined by DSC provides valuable information with regards to the possible use of new oils of American origin as replacement of usual commercial others.

Fruit Nutritional Value of Cornelian Cherry Genotypes （Comus mas L.） Selected in the Vojvodina Province

This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of the best genotypes for future breeding program until the final goal and that is standardizing Cornelian cherry cultivars. Chemical content has been found to depend on the genotype. Total sugar content in fruits ranged from 11.77% （CPC16） to 41.62% （BPC7）, vitamin C from 17.15 mg/100 g （APC8） to 42.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （APC2）, Ca pectat from 0.17% （APC6） to 2.52% （KC 1 ） and anthocyanin from 22.65 mg/100 g （APC4）to 96.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （BPC1）. Cornelian cherry fruits have an especially high content of minerals compared with other fruit species： the potassium content （in ppm） ranges from 2330 （APC6） to 11487 （APC4）, the calcium content from 33.80 （APC6） to 1307.70 （BPC1）, the sodium content from 22.82 （BPC8） to 273.48 （APC8）, the magnesium content from 10.20 （APC6） to 372.80 （APC8） and the iron content from 2.38 （KC2） to 14.40 （APCS）. The balanced content of nutrients, a wide range of food products made from the Cornelian cherry and an extremely high nutritional value make this fruit species a highly recommendable food item, especially if it comes from organic production.

Composition Analysis of Grape Wine from Different Brewing Technology and Its Nutrition Constituent

[Objective] The aim was to to enhance the technology to brew better the traditional grape wine, which provided theoretical basis for the development of Wuling Mountain grape wine. [Method] Taking grapes in Wuling Mountain as the row materials, Saccharomyces cerevisiae of different wines was chosen and brewed. The quality of grape wine was studied and the sensory evaluation was analyzed by dint of GC-MS. [Result] Result illustrated that the ethanol concentration of the wine brewed by exploration craft A was 68.5 g/L and that brewed by exploration craft B was 59.5 g/L; the higher alcohol content of craft A was 37.86% while that of craft B is 35.99%; craft A's percentage content of esters was 28.82% while that of B was 27.10%; craft A's percentage content of acids was 2.20% while that of B was 1.24%; the gamma-aminobutyric acid content of craft A was 33.2 g/100 ml while that of craft B was 35.4 g/100 ml. the essential amino-acid content of craft A was 11.8 g/100 ml while that of craft B was 13.9 g/100 ml .The result indicates that the wine brewed by craft A was aromatic and had special flavor. [Conclusion] In this case, the grape wine has particular flavor and has good property, which can be exploited.

Simultaneous determination of Saikosaponin a, c and d in different parts of wild bupleurum from Shanxi Province

As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting analgesic,fever-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects,Radix Bupleuri（Chai-Hu） is commonly used for the treatment of influenza,which is derived from the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.Among of diverse chemical components,saikosaponins are the key active components of the herb medicine.In the present study,we established a method of high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） coupled with evaporative light scattering detection（ELSD） for simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a,c and d in root,stem,leaf and flower of Bupleurum chinense（B chinense） collected from different areas of Shanxi Province,China.The results from 16 samples of root,stem,leaf and flower of B chinense demonstrated that the total contents of the three saikosaponins in the root of B chinense collected from Dongshan Taiyuan,Xishan,Tianlongshan and Pangquangou were 4.26 mg/g,3.22 mg/g,4.23 mg/g and 3.05 mg/g,respectively.However,there was scarcely any saikosaponins in the stem,leaf and flower of B chinense collected from above-mentioned areas.The method of HPLC coupled with ELSD was suitable for quality control of Radix Bupleuri.The result also confirmed that the root of B chinense was the best medicinal part.