Conjoint analysis is a multivariate technique used specifically to understand how respondents develop preferences for products or services. Conjoint analysis gained widespread acceptance and the application of conjoin...Conjoint analysis is a multivariate technique used specifically to understand how respondents develop preferences for products or services. Conjoint analysis gained widespread acceptance and the application of conjoint analysis spreading to many fields of study.展开更多
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oil from dry rhizome ofLigusticum chuanxiong Hort was developed. GC/MS was used for the determination of the composition ofessential oil. Forty-four compounds were ide...Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oil from dry rhizome ofLigusticum chuanxiong Hort was developed. GC/MS was used for the determination of the composition ofessential oil. Forty-four compounds were identified. The conventional extraction method wasconducted in parallel for comparison. The extracts were qualitatively compared by GC/MS. The yieldsof SFE and steam distillation-extraction were 4.16 % ( v/w) and 0.8 % ( v/w), respectively.Application of SFE of zessential oil from dry rhizome of Ligustiaan chuanxiong Hort was preferable.展开更多
Borehole acoustic reflection logging can provide high resolution images of nearborehole geological structure. However, the conventional seismic migration and imaging methods are not effective because the reflected wav...Borehole acoustic reflection logging can provide high resolution images of nearborehole geological structure. However, the conventional seismic migration and imaging methods are not effective because the reflected waves are interfered with the dominant borehole-guided modes and there are only eight receiving channels per shot available for stacking. In this paper, we apply an equivalent offset migration method based on wave scattering theory to process the acoustic reflection imaging log data from both numerical modeling and recorded field data. The result shows that, compared with the routine post-stack depth migration method, the equivalent offset migration method results in higher stack fold and is more effective for near-borehole structural imaging with low SNR acoustic reflection log data.展开更多
Three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were used to analyse the relative efficiencies of four AIDS treatments in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Study 193A(1 309 patients in total, classified into 4 age groups)...Three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were used to analyse the relative efficiencies of four AIDS treatments in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Study 193A(1 309 patients in total, classified into 4 age groups). Results from the output-oriented BCC model show that Treatment 4 ( 600 mg of zidovudine plus 400 mg of didanosine plus 400 mg of nevirapine) is particularly efficient for age group 14—25, but not efficient for the older age groups; Treatment 1 (600 mg of zidovudine alternating monthly with 400 mg of didanosine)and Treatment 2 (600 mg of zidovudine plus 2.25 mg of zalcitabine) are efficient for the age groups 35—45 and 45— ; age group 25—35 does not have a particularly efficient treatment, but Treatments 1 and 2 are relatively good. The cost efficiency BCC model, which takes the treatment cost into account, gives similar results as the output-oriented model. Results from the indirect output-oriented BCC model, which allows the replacement among medicines, show that the efficiency of Treatment 2 has greatly decreased compared with that of the output-oriented model, and a set of optimal medicine amounts for different age groups is obtained.展开更多
The hypothesis "happy productive worker" states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to exam...The hypothesis "happy productive worker" states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine empirically the effects that job satisfaction and well-being at work generate on the individual job performance, investigating the moderating role that the components of the organizational structure play in this relationship. To achieve the main objective, some secondary objectives were proposed: (1) test the predictive effect of well-being, satisfaction, personal, and professional variables on individual performance; and (2) test the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure in the relationship among well-being, satisfaction, and individual job performance. This research originates of a consolidated statement for the business society, but very few empirical studies. This way, the hypothesis consisted in the components of the organizational structure will positively enhance the relationship among well-being at work, job satisfaction, and individual job performance. The final sample consisted of 134 participants, of a clinical laboratory and of federal court of justice. For the development of the questionnaire, four instruments were used; one for each construct. The proposal has four relationship variables and the statistical procedure used to test this hypothesis was multiple linear regressions. Considering the hypothetical theoretical model presented, personal and professional variables are predictors of job performance; thus, these variables were also included as independent variables. The results of the regression model showed that the variables "age", "well-being at work", "job satisfaction", and "components of organizational structure" are responsible for explaining 64% of the variance of the variable criteria and individual job performance The moderating role of the variable "components of organizational structure" was also observed, because its inclusion increased the explained variance of the dependent variable. After all the discussions developed, the two main contributions appear: (1) the predictive effect of well-being at work in relation to performance and (2) identifying the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure.展开更多
Municipalities are autonomous economic and administrative entities, with common actions and responsibilities. Moreover, all Municipalities are quite different considering specific characteristics, such as geographic, ...Municipalities are autonomous economic and administrative entities, with common actions and responsibilities. Moreover, all Municipalities are quite different considering specific characteristics, such as geographic, demographic, and economic. The aim of this research is to separate the entire sample of Municipalities in Greece into categories, based on the effectiveness of financial management and financial performance into effective and ineffective ones. For the separation of the sample into groups, cluster analysis was preferred. For this reason, three variables were used: the lending capacity of the Municipality, flexibility in making non-investment costs, and flexibility in investment spending. These three variables were considered to be the key dimensions of effectiveness in financial management and therefore their use, representatively describes the effectiveness of Greek Municipalities. Thus, this paper presents the literature review of the financial effectiveness of Municipalities and the methodology of an empirical research through structured questionnaire that was sent to the entire population of Greek Municipalities, characterized in this way with considerable heterogeneity. In this way, it investigates the views of Mayors in the two categories of Municipalities (effective and non effective financial management and financial performance) as regards: (a) the biggest problems faced by the citizens in their Municipality, and (b) the biggest personnel problems faced by their Municipality. Concluding, the prioritization of both problems seems to be the same for both groups of Municipalities. The frequency of responses differs slightly and differences are not so large that financial performance can be considered to affect respondents' opinions.展开更多
Constantin Stanislavski's Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple...Constantin Stanislavski's Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple, learned techniques can assist in the production of authentic and transparent interrelational presence. Authentic presence requires three components: (1) honest exposition of a person's singular, essential being; (2) empathy towards the needs of other, distinct and separate from the self; and (3) mutual reciprocation, which means giving back or responding somewhat equitably to the other with whom the self is in communication, and accepting the same respondence from the other if afforded. The comprehension of Merleau-Ponty's ontology combined with Stanislavski's performance technique is uniquely suited to interpersonal communications in the 'real world'. Stanislavski's artistic vision demands an intensity of attentive involvement in order to achieve onstage authenticity. Merleau-Ponty provides supportive philosophical schematics, especially in his controversial but effective use of the expression 'flesh'. While this study may initially appear to focus on the artist, the development of interrelational skills is reliably applicable to anyone who desires to obtain a higher degree of authenticity in collaborative presence.展开更多
Determining the optimal timing is the core of preventive maintenance. Highway agencies always face with the challenge of determining optimal timing for preventive maintenance, particularly in China where there are no ...Determining the optimal timing is the core of preventive maintenance. Highway agencies always face with the challenge of determining optimal timing for preventive maintenance, particularly in China where there are no condition indicators designed for determining adequate timing for applying preventive maintenance and little literature relating to the development of pavement performance. This work presented the indicators, including crack ratio (Rc), rutting depth (DR), international roughness index (IIR) and sideway force coefficient (CsF) to determine the adequate timing for preventive maintenance in China. The proper ranges of each indicator to apply to preventive maintenance were then recommended. They are 0.28%-1.4% for Rc, 10-15 mm for DR, 1.97-3.5 for lrR, 40--50 for CSF. Based on pavement condition survey data collected on the test roads in Hebei Province, China, on the application of slurry seal at different timings, the pavement performance was established and the adequate timings for applying slurry seal was studied. Based on benefit-cost analysis, it is suggested that the fourth year is the optimal timing for applying slurry seal based on the condition in China. A framework is established to determine the adequate timings of applying other preventive maintenance methods.展开更多
The global financial and economic crisis has negatively affected all business units. Tough fight for the market position results in effort to create efficient methods to maintain company's competitiveness. Some of sm...The global financial and economic crisis has negatively affected all business units. Tough fight for the market position results in effort to create efficient methods to maintain company's competitiveness. Some of small and medium entrepreneurs have started to search the business allies. As an example of such possibility of cooperation the formation of clusters should be mention. The main intention of this paper is to demonstrate possibility for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to cooperatively penetrate new markets. Attention is focused mainly on a real export-oriented cluster. Ambition is to use costs and benefits analysis to test ability of the cluster to improve chances of companies to penetrate new markets. In order to link this analysis to real life as much as possible, existing cluster was used and on its accomplishments and failures costs and benefits of clustering are demonstrated.展开更多
This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sor...This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sorghum crop to different supplementary irrigation regimes and soil amendments management in flood basin irrigated scheme. The existing flood irrigation practice was basically conducive to late planting, weed growth, late season water stress and pest and diseases attack. Four levels of each irrigation regimes and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments arranged in split-plot design were tested. Rainfall, field capacity, irrigation water added, profile water content, plant height, yield components and water use efficiency were measured. Grain yield was significantly increased (p 〈 0,01) with irrigation treatments where 1919, 1870 and 878 kg/ha were obtained for one, two and no irrigation treatments, respectively. The 3 irrigations treatment has produced relatively lower grain yield (1679 kg/ha). FYM treatment up to 4-8 t/ha showed increase in grain yield. Water added in 1, 2 and 3 irrigation treatments amounts to 4475, 5302 and 6035 m3/ha, respectively which supplmented the rainfall by 23%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Water use efficiency was greater with 1 and 2 irrigation treatments and 4 t/ha FYM which reached 0.43, 0.35 and 0.28 kg/m3, respectively. The result concludes that providing supplementary irrigation from crop establishment to mid season was found sufficient to improve crop productivity.展开更多
Intrinsic viscosity is one of the most fundamental properties of dilute polymer solutions; its study forms an integral part of the cornerstone of the modern macromolecular theory. However, a general theory applicable ...Intrinsic viscosity is one of the most fundamental properties of dilute polymer solutions; its study forms an integral part of the cornerstone of the modern macromolecular theory. However, a general theory applicable to any chain architectures and solvent conditions has remained elusive, due to the formidable challenges in the theoretical treatment of the long-range, many-body and accumulative hydrodynamic effects. Recently, Lijia An and coworkers at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a new approach that largely overcomes these challenges. Their new theory provides a simple and unified theoretical framework for describing the intrinsic viscosity of polymers with arbitrary architectures under any solvent conditions and forms the theoretical basis for inferring the polymer chain structure from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Comparisons with existing experimental data yield extensive, quantitative agreement.展开更多
A cost-effective ultra-dense wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network(UD-WDM PON) with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s and channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is proposed and demonstrated. The distributed feedback(DFB) la...A cost-effective ultra-dense wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network(UD-WDM PON) with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s and channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is proposed and demonstrated. The distributed feedback(DFB) lasers modulated in 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(4-PAM) format are used for downstream links, and the reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers(RSOAs) together with an optical frequency comb modulated in quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) format are used for upstream links. We can achieve the error-free transmission of the upstream signals with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s even after 20 km single-mode fiber(SMF). The power penalty obtained by using the frequency comb generator instead of a tunable laser is around 0.5 d B. By using 11 DFB lasers and a set of intensity and phase modulators, it is possible to provide the seed light for 297 optical network units(ONUs) within the C-band.展开更多
文摘Conjoint analysis is a multivariate technique used specifically to understand how respondents develop preferences for products or services. Conjoint analysis gained widespread acceptance and the application of conjoint analysis spreading to many fields of study.
文摘Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of essential oil from dry rhizome ofLigusticum chuanxiong Hort was developed. GC/MS was used for the determination of the composition ofessential oil. Forty-four compounds were identified. The conventional extraction method wasconducted in parallel for comparison. The extracts were qualitatively compared by GC/MS. The yieldsof SFE and steam distillation-extraction were 4.16 % ( v/w) and 0.8 % ( v/w), respectively.Application of SFE of zessential oil from dry rhizome of Ligustiaan chuanxiong Hort was preferable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50674098)the 863 Program (Grant No.2006AA06Z207 & 2006AA06Z213)the 973 Program (Grant No.2007CB209601)
文摘Borehole acoustic reflection logging can provide high resolution images of nearborehole geological structure. However, the conventional seismic migration and imaging methods are not effective because the reflected waves are interfered with the dominant borehole-guided modes and there are only eight receiving channels per shot available for stacking. In this paper, we apply an equivalent offset migration method based on wave scattering theory to process the acoustic reflection imaging log data from both numerical modeling and recorded field data. The result shows that, compared with the routine post-stack depth migration method, the equivalent offset migration method results in higher stack fold and is more effective for near-borehole structural imaging with low SNR acoustic reflection log data.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 10571134)
文摘Three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were used to analyse the relative efficiencies of four AIDS treatments in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Study 193A(1 309 patients in total, classified into 4 age groups). Results from the output-oriented BCC model show that Treatment 4 ( 600 mg of zidovudine plus 400 mg of didanosine plus 400 mg of nevirapine) is particularly efficient for age group 14—25, but not efficient for the older age groups; Treatment 1 (600 mg of zidovudine alternating monthly with 400 mg of didanosine)and Treatment 2 (600 mg of zidovudine plus 2.25 mg of zalcitabine) are efficient for the age groups 35—45 and 45— ; age group 25—35 does not have a particularly efficient treatment, but Treatments 1 and 2 are relatively good. The cost efficiency BCC model, which takes the treatment cost into account, gives similar results as the output-oriented model. Results from the indirect output-oriented BCC model, which allows the replacement among medicines, show that the efficiency of Treatment 2 has greatly decreased compared with that of the output-oriented model, and a set of optimal medicine amounts for different age groups is obtained.
文摘The hypothesis "happy productive worker" states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine empirically the effects that job satisfaction and well-being at work generate on the individual job performance, investigating the moderating role that the components of the organizational structure play in this relationship. To achieve the main objective, some secondary objectives were proposed: (1) test the predictive effect of well-being, satisfaction, personal, and professional variables on individual performance; and (2) test the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure in the relationship among well-being, satisfaction, and individual job performance. This research originates of a consolidated statement for the business society, but very few empirical studies. This way, the hypothesis consisted in the components of the organizational structure will positively enhance the relationship among well-being at work, job satisfaction, and individual job performance. The final sample consisted of 134 participants, of a clinical laboratory and of federal court of justice. For the development of the questionnaire, four instruments were used; one for each construct. The proposal has four relationship variables and the statistical procedure used to test this hypothesis was multiple linear regressions. Considering the hypothetical theoretical model presented, personal and professional variables are predictors of job performance; thus, these variables were also included as independent variables. The results of the regression model showed that the variables "age", "well-being at work", "job satisfaction", and "components of organizational structure" are responsible for explaining 64% of the variance of the variable criteria and individual job performance The moderating role of the variable "components of organizational structure" was also observed, because its inclusion increased the explained variance of the dependent variable. After all the discussions developed, the two main contributions appear: (1) the predictive effect of well-being at work in relation to performance and (2) identifying the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure.
文摘Municipalities are autonomous economic and administrative entities, with common actions and responsibilities. Moreover, all Municipalities are quite different considering specific characteristics, such as geographic, demographic, and economic. The aim of this research is to separate the entire sample of Municipalities in Greece into categories, based on the effectiveness of financial management and financial performance into effective and ineffective ones. For the separation of the sample into groups, cluster analysis was preferred. For this reason, three variables were used: the lending capacity of the Municipality, flexibility in making non-investment costs, and flexibility in investment spending. These three variables were considered to be the key dimensions of effectiveness in financial management and therefore their use, representatively describes the effectiveness of Greek Municipalities. Thus, this paper presents the literature review of the financial effectiveness of Municipalities and the methodology of an empirical research through structured questionnaire that was sent to the entire population of Greek Municipalities, characterized in this way with considerable heterogeneity. In this way, it investigates the views of Mayors in the two categories of Municipalities (effective and non effective financial management and financial performance) as regards: (a) the biggest problems faced by the citizens in their Municipality, and (b) the biggest personnel problems faced by their Municipality. Concluding, the prioritization of both problems seems to be the same for both groups of Municipalities. The frequency of responses differs slightly and differences are not so large that financial performance can be considered to affect respondents' opinions.
文摘Constantin Stanislavski's Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple, learned techniques can assist in the production of authentic and transparent interrelational presence. Authentic presence requires three components: (1) honest exposition of a person's singular, essential being; (2) empathy towards the needs of other, distinct and separate from the self; and (3) mutual reciprocation, which means giving back or responding somewhat equitably to the other with whom the self is in communication, and accepting the same respondence from the other if afforded. The comprehension of Merleau-Ponty's ontology combined with Stanislavski's performance technique is uniquely suited to interpersonal communications in the 'real world'. Stanislavski's artistic vision demands an intensity of attentive involvement in order to achieve onstage authenticity. Merleau-Ponty provides supportive philosophical schematics, especially in his controversial but effective use of the expression 'flesh'. While this study may initially appear to focus on the artist, the development of interrelational skills is reliably applicable to anyone who desires to obtain a higher degree of authenticity in collaborative presence.
基金Project(IRT1050) supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, ChinaProject (2009318000027) supported by Ministry of Transport of ChinaProject(CHD2011TD002) supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges, Chang’an University, China
文摘Determining the optimal timing is the core of preventive maintenance. Highway agencies always face with the challenge of determining optimal timing for preventive maintenance, particularly in China where there are no condition indicators designed for determining adequate timing for applying preventive maintenance and little literature relating to the development of pavement performance. This work presented the indicators, including crack ratio (Rc), rutting depth (DR), international roughness index (IIR) and sideway force coefficient (CsF) to determine the adequate timing for preventive maintenance in China. The proper ranges of each indicator to apply to preventive maintenance were then recommended. They are 0.28%-1.4% for Rc, 10-15 mm for DR, 1.97-3.5 for lrR, 40--50 for CSF. Based on pavement condition survey data collected on the test roads in Hebei Province, China, on the application of slurry seal at different timings, the pavement performance was established and the adequate timings for applying slurry seal was studied. Based on benefit-cost analysis, it is suggested that the fourth year is the optimal timing for applying slurry seal based on the condition in China. A framework is established to determine the adequate timings of applying other preventive maintenance methods.
文摘The global financial and economic crisis has negatively affected all business units. Tough fight for the market position results in effort to create efficient methods to maintain company's competitiveness. Some of small and medium entrepreneurs have started to search the business allies. As an example of such possibility of cooperation the formation of clusters should be mention. The main intention of this paper is to demonstrate possibility for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to cooperatively penetrate new markets. Attention is focused mainly on a real export-oriented cluster. Ambition is to use costs and benefits analysis to test ability of the cluster to improve chances of companies to penetrate new markets. In order to link this analysis to real life as much as possible, existing cluster was used and on its accomplishments and failures costs and benefits of clustering are demonstrated.
文摘This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sorghum crop to different supplementary irrigation regimes and soil amendments management in flood basin irrigated scheme. The existing flood irrigation practice was basically conducive to late planting, weed growth, late season water stress and pest and diseases attack. Four levels of each irrigation regimes and farm yard manure (FYM) treatments arranged in split-plot design were tested. Rainfall, field capacity, irrigation water added, profile water content, plant height, yield components and water use efficiency were measured. Grain yield was significantly increased (p 〈 0,01) with irrigation treatments where 1919, 1870 and 878 kg/ha were obtained for one, two and no irrigation treatments, respectively. The 3 irrigations treatment has produced relatively lower grain yield (1679 kg/ha). FYM treatment up to 4-8 t/ha showed increase in grain yield. Water added in 1, 2 and 3 irrigation treatments amounts to 4475, 5302 and 6035 m3/ha, respectively which supplmented the rainfall by 23%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Water use efficiency was greater with 1 and 2 irrigation treatments and 4 t/ha FYM which reached 0.43, 0.35 and 0.28 kg/m3, respectively. The result concludes that providing supplementary irrigation from crop establishment to mid season was found sufficient to improve crop productivity.
文摘Intrinsic viscosity is one of the most fundamental properties of dilute polymer solutions; its study forms an integral part of the cornerstone of the modern macromolecular theory. However, a general theory applicable to any chain architectures and solvent conditions has remained elusive, due to the formidable challenges in the theoretical treatment of the long-range, many-body and accumulative hydrodynamic effects. Recently, Lijia An and coworkers at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a new approach that largely overcomes these challenges. Their new theory provides a simple and unified theoretical framework for describing the intrinsic viscosity of polymers with arbitrary architectures under any solvent conditions and forms the theoretical basis for inferring the polymer chain structure from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Comparisons with existing experimental data yield extensive, quantitative agreement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61475015)
文摘A cost-effective ultra-dense wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network(UD-WDM PON) with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s and channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is proposed and demonstrated. The distributed feedback(DFB) lasers modulated in 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(4-PAM) format are used for downstream links, and the reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers(RSOAs) together with an optical frequency comb modulated in quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) format are used for upstream links. We can achieve the error-free transmission of the upstream signals with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s even after 20 km single-mode fiber(SMF). The power penalty obtained by using the frequency comb generator instead of a tunable laser is around 0.5 d B. By using 11 DFB lasers and a set of intensity and phase modulators, it is possible to provide the seed light for 297 optical network units(ONUs) within the C-band.