中国产业结构整体同构化趋势研究——基于成分数据统计

已有产业结构同构化指标适用于两两地区之间的同构化测度,缺乏从整体角度提出多个地区的测度方法。运用成分数据统计理论,在三元图直观反映产业结构整体演变的基础上,提出结构中心和结构离散度指标来整体测度产业结构同构化,并对中国31个省份以及东部、中部、西部和东北地区不同区域的产业结构同构化进行实证分析。研究表明:中国31个省份整体同构化程度比较稳定,东部区域同构化程度最低,而不同区域则呈现出不同的同构化趋势。

成分向量分布的几个问题

成分统计分析的名著[1]中提出了一些看法,本文就其中三点提出了不同的意见,并给出了实例。(1)关于狄氏分布与独立性;(2)关于乘法逻辑分布的引入有无必要;(3)关于成分与总量的独立性。

基于成分法的我国财政支出结构变动的实证分析

作为社会经济发展的一种调控手段,财政支出能够提高社会资源配置和利用效率,有助于实现社会公平和促进社会经济稳定协调的发展。自改革开放以来,国家财政支出对经济社会发展起到了无庸质疑的作用,但在这一过程中,财政支出功能实现方面存在的不足也逐渐引起了重视,许多人从财政理论和实践需要角度就如何优化和改善财政支出结构,进一步发挥财政支出的社会发展功能,提出了不少耐人寻味的真知灼见。在这篇文章中,我们根据1980—2005年我国财政支出数据,运用成分统计分析原理,对过去这段时期我国财政支出的具体表现进行了考察,以期能从数量方面反映我国财政支出的特征,从而为财政支出结构调整提供某种参考。

用微探针型EDXRF技术研究南宋官窑瓷片的化学组成及其含义

本文报道了用ENGLE-II微探针能量色散型X荧光光谱(EDXRF)技术测定一批青瓷残片中的16种元素氧化物的含量,其残片来自浙江杭州地区南宋的郊坛窑和老虎洞窑。由主量元素判别方程Q值表明,郊坛和老虎洞青釉瓷均属官窑制品,与龙泉民窑产品有很大差别。从主成分统计分析看出,郊坛下官窑与老虎洞官窑的瓷釉成分有明显不同,但其胎质成分的分布却有部分的重叠。这显示两类同属官窑的制品,其釉料可有不同的矿物组合,但胎料有时会交流使用。从釉层、中间层、和胎层的Al2O3和CaO的含量变化数据表明,郊坛下官窑和老虎洞官窑的青瓷制品有厚度分别为120-140μm和230-240μm的中间层,反映出烧造工艺上有一定的差别。化学成分鉴定证实了考古工作者认为老虎洞窑实为史书记载的修内司官窑的观点。

众包环境下的任务定价因素研究

随着网络的高速发展,各式各样的劳务众包平台变得日益流行,"拍照赚钱"就是其中的一种,定价不合理会导致最后商品的检查失败,本文建立了动态定价模型,确立了最优折扣率来使得任务发包人和会员双方利益更均衡,以提高任务完成度,为企业提供各种有效的商业检查和信息搜索。

沉积物物源组成的定量估计方法

混合源沉积物中,各种物源物质的成分及其百分含量是地质研究的重要基础信息。本文提出用成分数据统计分析算法,分析处理沉积物样品的地球化学数据,定量提取沉积物中各物源端元的平均化学成分及其百分含量;将该方法用于已知端元成分和端元含量的实验样品数据,计算结果与实际非常吻合;将该方法用于某海区实测沉积物地球化学数据,成功地分离出了陆源、火山源、生物源物质成分和含量。该方法也适合于岩石学、环境污染研究等领域。

Statistical and causes analysis of storm surges along Tianjin coast during the past 20 years

Based on tidal data statistical analysis for 20 years of Tanggu Marine Environmental Monitoring Station from 1991 to 2010, we concluded that an average of nearly 10 days of 100 cm above water increase took place at Tianjin coast every year. The maximum high tide and average tide of Tianjin coast occurred in summer and autumn, and the maximum water increase also occurred in summer and autumn. Days with water increase more than 100 cm mostly occurred in spring, autumn and winter. Then we summarized the causes of coastal storm surge disaster in Tianjin based on astronomical tide factors, meteorological factors, sea level rise, land subsidence, and geographic factors, et al. Finally, we proposed storm surge disaster prevention measures.

Predicting Western Pacific Subtropical High Using a Combined Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Forecast

Weather and climate in East China are closely related to the variability of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH), which is an important part of the Asian monsoon system. The WPSH prediction in spring and summer is a critical component of rainfall forecasting during the summer flood season in China. Although many attempts have been made to predict WPSH variability, its predictability remains limited in practice due to the complexity of the WPSH evolution. Many studies have indicated that the sea surface temperature(SST) over the tropical Indian Ocean has a significant effect on WPSH variability. In this paper, a statistical model is developed to forecast the monthly variation in the WPSH during the spring and summer seasons on the basis of its relationship with SST over the tropical Indian Ocean. The forecasted SST over the tropical Indian Ocean is the predictor in this model, which differs significantly from other WPSH prediction methods. A 26-year independent hindcast experiment from 1983 to 2008 is conducted and validated in which the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is compared with that driven by the persisted SST. Results indicate that the skill score of the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is substantial.

The Impacts of the Interannual Variability of Vegetation on the Interannual Variability of Global Evapotranspiration: A Modeling Study

The impact of the interannual variability (IAV) of vegetation on the IAV of evapotranspiration is investigated with the Community Land Model (CLM3.0) and modified Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM). Two sets of 50-year off-line simulations are used in this study. The simulations begin with the same initial surface-water and heat states and are driven by the same atmospheric forcing data. The vegetation exhibits interannual variability in one simulation but not in the other simulation. However, the climatological means for the vegetation are the same. The IAV of the 50-year annual total evapotranspiration and its three partitions (ground evaporation, canopy evaporation, and transpiration) are analyzed. The global distribution of the evapotranspiration IAV and the statistics of evapotranspiration and its components in different ecosystems show that the IAV of ground evaporation is generally large in areas dominated by grass and deciduous trees, whereas the IAV of canopy evaporation and transpiration is large in areas dominated by bare soil and shrubs. For ground evaporation, canopy evaporation, and transpiration, the changes in IAV are larger than the mean state over most grasslands and shrublands. The study of two sites with the same IAV in the leaf area index (LAI) shows that the component with the smaller contribution to the total evapotranspiration is more sensitive to the IAV of vegetation. The IAV of the three components of evapotranspiration increases with the IAV of the fractional coverage (FC) and the LAI. The ground evaporation IAV shows the greatest increase, whereas the canopy evaporation shows the smallest increase.

Composition Estimation of Reactive Batch Distillation by Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

Composition estimation plays very important role in plant operation and control.Extended Kalman filter(EKF) is one of the most common estimators,which has been used in composition estimation of reactive batch distillation,but its performance is heavily dependent on the thermodynamic modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium,which is difficult to initialize and tune.In this paper an inferential state estimation scheme based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) ,which is a model base estimator,is employed for composition estimation by using temperature measurements in multicomponent reactive batch distillation.The state estimator is supported by data from a complete dynamic model that includes component and energy balance equations accompanied with thermodynamic relations and reaction kinetics.The mathematical model is verified by pilot plant data.The simulation results show that the ANFIS estimator provides reliable and accurate estimation for component concentrations in reactive batch distillation.The estimated states form a basis for improving the performance of reactive batch distillation either through decision making of an operator or through an automatic closed-loop control scheme.

Statistical Monitoring of Chemical Processes Based on Sensitive Kernel Principal Components

The kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） method employs the first several kernel principal components （KPCs）, which indicate the most variance information of normal observations for process monitoring, but may not reflect the fault information. In this study, sensitive kernel principal component analysis （SKPCA） is proposed to improve process monitoring performance, i.e., to deal with the discordance of T2 statistic and squared prediction error SVE statistic and reduce missed detection rates. T2 statistic can be used to measure the variation di rectly along each KPC and analyze the detection performance as well as capture the most useful information in a process. With the calculation of the change rate of T2 statistic along each KPC, SKPCA selects the sensitive kernel principal components for process monitoring. A simulated simple system and Tennessee Eastman process are employed to demonstrate the efficiency of SKPCA on online monitoring. The results indicate that the monitoring performance is improved significantly.

Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.

An optimizing algorithm of static task scheduling problem based on hybrid genetic algorithm

To reduce resources consumption of parallel computation system, a static task scheduling opti- mization method based on hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed and validated, which can shorten the scheduling length of parallel tasks with precedence constraints. Firstly, the global optimal model and constraints are created to demonstrate the static task scheduling problem in heterogeneous distributed computing systems（HeDCSs）. Secondly, the genetic population is coded with matrix and used to search the total available time span of the processors, and then the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to improve the convergence speed and overcome the problem of easily falling into local minimum point, which exists in the traditional genetic algorithm. Finally, compared to other existed scheduling algorithms such as dynamic level scheduling （ DLS）, heterogeneous earliest finish time （HEFr）, and longest dynamic critical path（ LDCP）, the proposed approach does not merely de- crease tasks schedule length, but also achieves the maximal resource utilization of parallel computa- tion system by extensive experiments.

Educational Achievement, Age Distribution and the Disables

Educational achievement and age correlatives may have significant bearings on generation, maintenance, and sustenance of environment to disseminate education for comprehensive development of learners as permeation of learning and its diffusion rate may vary depending upon different achievements on literacy scale for different age groups. More so, for disable learners as such learners need additional initiatives and assisting environment of even more literate fellow beings constituting surroundings. From this perspective, this paper makes a descriptive analytical effort to present census （2011） results in evaluating overall literacy position and that for disable ones alongwith environment availability through simple statistical tools

The Impact of the Gender on Children＇s Attitudes Toward Their Disabled Peers： The Albania＇s Case

Children＇s attitudes toward their disabled peers impact the process of scholastic integration of children with special needs. The study aimed to measure the impact of students＇ gender on their attitudes toward disability. It used the CATCH test （Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Toward Children With Handicaps） for measuring children＇s attitudes. In the study participated 1,050 students. Also interviews and focus groups with the teachers were made in order to get their opinions about pupils＇ attitudes toward their disabled peers. Based on the analysis of the data, it resulted that the attitude of pupils toward their peers with disabilities was positive. Affective components and behavioral ones were favorable, while the cognitive component was not favorable. The gender of the pupils affects the general attitude and the results of affective and behavioral components of attitude of pupils toward their peers with disabilities. There is no statistically based relationship between gender and the results of cognitive component of attitude of pupils toward their peers with disabilities. There are given some recommendations in order to promote positive attitudes toward pupils with disabilities and to improve the process and structure of learning.

Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open pit mine——the SOMAIR experience

Drilling and blasting play vital roles in opencast mining. These operations not only affect the cost of production directly but as well and significantly, the overall operational costs. This research was carried out to find a possible way of optimizing the drilling and blasting operations in an open pit mine of Somair (Société des Mines de l’Air), in the Niger Republic. In order to optimize the drilling operation, the time taken by two drilling machines to accomplish the same task was analyzed statistically. The result indicates that the Down the Hole Hammer Drilling Rig (DMNo406) is more efficient than the Drill Master (DM405). The relative unit consumption of two explosives (Explus and Nitram 9), when used under the same operating conditions, were also considered and the results indicate Explus to be more economical per unit consumption with a range of 0.15 g/t–0.183 g/t, when compared with Nitram 9 with a unit consumption range of 0.19 g/t-0.24 g/t in the study area.

The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP） System on the Cost and Price of Auditing Auditor＇s Perspective

Technology plays a key role in today＇s business environment. Many companies greatly rely on computers and software to provide accurate information to effectively manage their business processes. It is becoming increasingly necessary for all businesses to incorporate information technology solutions to operate successfully. One way for many corporations to adopt information technology （IT） on a large scale is by installing enterprise resource planning （ERP） systems to accomplish their business transactions and data-processing needs. ERP systems are software packages that enable the integration of business processes throughout an organization. This study aims to determine the effect of the ERP system on the cost of auditing period compared with traditional computerized （non-ERP） systems. According to cost analysis, the study also points out the changes in audit price. The methodology used in this research is survey-based data collection. The questionnaires are sent to auditors who are working with companies with ERP systems. The answers are processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS） 20. The data are performed using the statistical test to determine the effect of ERP usage on the cost of auditing process and pricing policy of auditors. The findings of this study are： （1） Companies with ERP systems are reducing their auditing costs; and （2） Auditing companies are not implying a low rate of price to their customers using ERP.

Nonlinear Statistical Process Monitoring Based on Control Charts with Memory Effect and Kernel Independent Component Analysis

A novel nonlinear combination process monitoring method was proposed based on techniques with memo- ry effect （multivariate exponentially weighted moving average （MEWMA）） and kernel independent component analysis （KICA）. The method was developed for dealing with nonlinear issues and detecting small or moderate drifts in one or more process variables with autocorrelation. MEWMA charts use additional information from the past history of the process for keeping the memory effect of the process behavior trend. KICA is a recently devel- oped statistical technique for revealing hidden, nonlinear statistically independent factors that underlie sets of mea- surements and it is a two-phase algorithm., whitened kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） plus indepen- dent component analysis （ICA）. The application to the fluid catalytic cracking unit （FCCU） simulated process in- dicates that the proposed combined method based on MEWMA and KICA can effectively capture the nonlinear rela- tionship and detect small drifts in process variables. Its performance significantly outperforms monitoring method based on ICA, MEWMA-ICA and KICA, especially for lonu-term performance deterioration.

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of Nenjiang River basin, China

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality is important to evaluate the health of a watershed and make necessary management decisions to control current and future pollution of receiving water bodies. In this work, surface water quality data for 12 physical and chemical parameters collected from 10 sampling sites in the Nenjiang River basin during the years(2012-2013) were analyzed. The results show that river water quality has significant temporal and spatial variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) grouped 12 months into three periods(LF, MF and HF) and classified 10 monitoring sites into three regions(LP, MP and HP) based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principle component analysis(PCA)/factor analysis(FA) was used to recognize the factors or origins responsible for temporal and spatial water quality variations. Temporal and spatial PCA/FA revealed that the Nenjiang River water chemistry was strongly affected by rock/water interaction, hydrologic processes and anthropogenic activities. This work demonstrates that the application of HCA and PCA/FA has achieved meaningful classification based on temporal and spatial criteria.

A Review on Tidal Triggering of Earthquakes

Research of tidal triggering of earthquakes in recent years is systematically reviewed,focusing on the relationship between the phases of the moon and seismic activity,earthquakes triggered by tidal forces and its components,based on the large sample statistics to discuss the tidal triggering of an earthquake.The relationship between the phase of the moon and seismic activity is a preliminary study of tidal triggering of earthquakes,and the modulation ratio is a quantitative description of it.Using the resolution of tidal stress to study seismic activity is a way to reveal the relationship between the tides and earthquakes from the mechanics point of view.Large sample statistics is another way to study the relationship between the tidal and earthquake from the view of statistics.In many statistical methods,Schuster's test is used more widely,which takes many factors into account,such as focal mechanism,tidal stress,and statistical tests to quantitatively analyze the tidal triggering effect on earthquakes.