欧盟成员国与欧洲共同外交政策:一种功能性分析

民族国家是欧洲一体化事业的基石,对欧洲共同外交政策而言承担着重要的支柱功能,在优势组合、机制核查与效能均衡等方面起着不可替代的作用。利益认识角度的差异,决定了不同类型的成员国家针对共同外交政策所采取的态度差异。各类国家以及功能力量之间的对比,决定了当前共同外交政策的发展步伐与影响幅度。推进共同外交的继续发展,还必须解决共同外交性质认识差异、多速欧洲和公民基础等多个问题。

在双边和多边的基础上

根据她的自然条件和经济状况,捷克斯洛伐克的经济发展在很大的程度上取决于她的经济参与社会主义国际劳动分工的活动。现在,捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国同社会主义合作的国家的对外贸易份额占其外贸交易额的百分之七十。正因为如此,捷克斯洛伐克共产党第十六次代表大会,明确规定发展对外经济联系,尤应使捷克斯洛伐克共和国积极地参加国际劳动分工,特别是要更加积极地完成居国民经济首位的经济任务。

INTERSAT的发展计划

Intersat制订了一个投资30亿美元,在未来28个月内发射9颗卫星的计划,以便与光纤竞争。最近发射的新一代的六颗卫星是该计划商用化步骤的一部分。 1995年8月29日到9月1日在哥本哈根有85个Intersat成员国家参加的会议宜称:将重新改组具有30年历史的机构、其方案是把Intersat分成许多商业运营的子公司、可以销售其“直接到家庭”的电视以及数据通信。预计将有300家公司与Intersat合作。 Intersat将要用中国长城火箭发射新卫星。到1997年,Intersat将有15颗新的卫星与9颗老的卫星,共计24颗卫星。

国际海事委员会敦促亚洲加强海事安全

据悉,国际海事委员会已警告亚洲各成员国,鉴于目前恐怖分子活动嚣张,各有关国应立即建立相应的海事安全机制。该委员会负责海事安全的Hartmut Hesse批评亚洲地区在海事安全问题上未给予足够的重视,落后于加、英、美等国家之后,并指出这些国家早在9.11恐怖袭击之前就已开始着手改善各自的海事安全环境了。 Hesse还认为,之所以亚洲各国将这一问题摆在一个并不重要的位置上,是担心新的安全举措会给贸易造成阻碍。

Truth telling for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Henan,China

Objective: This study aims to investigate the truth-telling status and the relevant factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) patients in Henan, China.Methods: A cross-sectional study from April to June 2015 using questionnaires was given to 301 family members of hospitalized ESCC patients based in three affiliated hospitals of Zhengzhou University(i.e., The First Hospital, The Second Hospital, and Tumor Hospital) and Anyang Tumor Hospital.Results: Among the 41.9%(126/301) hospitalized ESCC patients who knew of their true diagnoses, only 4.0% patients were informed by their corresponding responsible doctors, 39.7% by their family members, and 56.3% by themselves. Univariate analyses showed that disclosure of confirmed ESCC diagnosis to patients was correlated with gender, family history of cancer(FHC), education level, vocation, hospital administrative level, and attitudes of family members(P < 0.05). Furthermore,multivariate analysis indicated that attitude of family members was the most important and an independent factor for diagnosis disclosure. Those patients with a negative FHC, under-education, manual occupation, advanced stages, and hospitalized in municipal hospitals exhibited a low rate of truth telling.Conclusions: Truth telling for ESCC patients in Henan is not prevalent and may be improved through consultation with family members, particularly for patients with a negative FHC, poor education, manual occupation, and advanced stages.

Sustainable Consumption and Production in the Baltic Sea Region

Economic activity always has an impact on the environment, but the potential degree of this impact depends on consumption and production pattems. The aim of this paper is to analyse the environmental and well being impacts of consumption and production systems in Baltic Sea Region and draw conclusions about transferring of best practises in Latvia. This study is based on indicator analyses, focusing on data of environmental impacts from consumption and production in the region, and analyses drivers behind these impacts. The paper concludes two trends--Scandinavian countries and Germany which have more advanced economies demonstrate much higher ecoefficiency and environmental management practices compared to the new EU member states. The example of the Baltic Sea region shows that high income levels and a stable development path in the old EU member states provide grounds for technology advancement to reduce the environmental impact of production. However Baltic States and Poland on average demonstrate much more sustainable consumption patterns. But the trends in these countries are negative--they try to copy lifestyles and consumption patterns of more advanced economies with higher ecological footprint. Challenge for Latvia is to improve its ecoefficiency but at the same time develop more sustainable consumption patterns.

Why the Yangzi Delta Did Not Become Industrialized： A Comparative Analysis of Economic Developments in China＇s Yangzi Delta Region and Great Britain

The development of the family-based handicraft industry in the Yangzi delta provided supplementary income and employment opportunities to auxiliary family members. But it did not replace subsistence farming as the primary method in which peasants made their living, and more importantly, it did not allow China to close the gap in the great divergence with the West. So why didn＇t the cotton-based handicraft industry catapult the Yangzi delta region into the modem era of industrialization？ Why did the handicraft industry merely serve as a supplementary rather than an alternative means of livelihood？ To understand the reasons why the handicraft industry did not transform China into an industrial and urban nation, it is important to examine the constraints in which population growth and land intensification had imposed on the peasants of the delta. These factors combined with the favorable geographical environment and commercial opportunities for trade in other regions, forced peasants to adopt the family-based handicraft industry as a supplementary source of income for survival. While the impact-response model may have suggested that it was the inability of the handicraft spinners and weavers to compete against British machines and the subsequent drop in cotton prices, a China-centered approach advocated by Paul Cohen would suggest domestic factors such as rapid population growth due to changes in taxation policies and the diminishing rate of return in labor, and the insufficient production office and grain may have been the real reasons that prevented the handicraft industry from developing into an alternative for farming.

Human Resources Development and Migration： New Potential Determinants for Monetary Policy

The main objective of the present paper is to determine the potential impact the qualitative and quantitative tendencies in the labor market on the decisions which influence the design of monetary policy worldwide. The analysis is focused on how human resources and phenomena associated with them could influence potential growth and, further on, how they can impact monetary policy decisions at national level for European countries outside the euro area and at ECB level for the euro zone countries. Moreover, the paper will envisage potential macroeconomic reactions （monetary decisions herewith included） to human resources dynamics. The economic variations are regarded through the perspective of growth potential shown by the Research ＆ Development sector and also through the effects of labor force migration. The analysis of statistical data aims at pointing out the different economic perspectives in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, also considering the disparities between EU member states. The analysis is completed by the use of the ranking method, the conclusions stating once more the crucial importance of the human factor in drawing monetary policy decisions

The Rehabilitation of the Orphans in the Deep South of Thailand

The purposes of the research aim to： （1） investigate the rehabilitation of the orphans affected by the violence in the Deep South of Thailand; and （2） provide the guideline for the government and institutions to find ways to rehabilitate the orphans affected by the violence in the Deep South of Thailand. The number of the orphans is drastically increasing because of the violence crisis for a long time since 2004. The government has the policy to rehabilitate the orphans affected by the violence and takes the scholarships for relief their mind related injury Surveillance. The orphans trust the civil society more than the public government. Some opinions suggest the education, the activities, i.e., sports, music to empower the orphans, and the roles of the family and family members are the most important to take care and rehabilitate the orphans by using the religion for conducting ＂the social well-being＂.