成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)...成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)用Barth模型估算的成土速率,与田间测定值比较,总体上明显偏小;且估算的成土速率主要与径流量显著相关;不同土壤母质下成土速率的估算差异显著,但不同植被类型和土层厚度下的差异不显著。(2)田间测定的成土速率,由于土壤母质特性和水热条件的差异,在不同条件下的成土速率差异明显,且均反映出一定的变化规律。不同类型紫色土的成土速率大小次序为沙溪庙组>蓬莱镇组>遂宁组;不同植被下的成土速率大小次序为作物>果树>牧草;不同土层厚度下的成土速率,总的趋势是母岩上覆盖的土层愈薄,成土速率愈大。(3)综合考虑田间不同试验条件下的成土速率并分析转换,四川丘陵区沙溪庙组和蓬莱镇组紫色土的成土速率确定为1 200 t km-2a-1,遂宁组的成土速率为800 t km-2a-1。展开更多
The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tilla...The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and increases SOC and nutrient inventories for the soil profile downslope in steeply sloping landscapes.展开更多
文摘成土速率是确定容许侵蚀量的基础之一。本研究应用以物质循环理论为基础的Barth模型,估算了不同母质类型、不同种植植被和不同土层厚度下紫色土的成土速率,并在田间定位试验点测定了这三种不同处理条件下的成土速率,取得了以下结果:(1)用Barth模型估算的成土速率,与田间测定值比较,总体上明显偏小;且估算的成土速率主要与径流量显著相关;不同土壤母质下成土速率的估算差异显著,但不同植被类型和土层厚度下的差异不显著。(2)田间测定的成土速率,由于土壤母质特性和水热条件的差异,在不同条件下的成土速率差异明显,且均反映出一定的变化规律。不同类型紫色土的成土速率大小次序为沙溪庙组>蓬莱镇组>遂宁组;不同植被下的成土速率大小次序为作物>果树>牧草;不同土层厚度下的成土速率,总的趋势是母岩上覆盖的土层愈薄,成土速率愈大。(3)综合考虑田间不同试验条件下的成土速率并分析转换,四川丘陵区沙溪庙组和蓬莱镇组紫色土的成土速率确定为1 200 t km-2a-1,遂宁组的成土速率为800 t km-2a-1。
基金the Special Support Foundation of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CASthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40771027)
文摘The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and increases SOC and nutrient inventories for the soil profile downslope in steeply sloping landscapes.
