Objective To identify new genes required for neurosecretory control of aging in C. elegans. Methods In view of the importance of nervous system in aging regulation, we performed the screen for genes involved in the ag...Objective To identify new genes required for neurosecretory control of aging in C. elegans. Methods In view of the importance of nervous system in aging regulation, we performed the screen for genes involved in the aging regulation from genetic loci encoding synaptic proteins by lifespan assay and accumulation of lipofuscin autofluorescence. We further investigated the dauer formation phenotypes of their corresponding mutants and whether they were possibly up-regulated by the insulin-like signaling pathway. Results The genetic loci of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd- 2, snb-1, ric-4, nrx-1, unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64 might be involved in the aging control. In addition, functions of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and nrx-1 in regulating aging may be opposite to those of unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64. The intestinal autofluorescence assay further indicated that the identified long-lived and short-lived mutants were actually due to the suppressed or accelerated aging. Among the identified genes, syd-2, hlb-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and unc-64 were also involved in the control of dauer formation. Moreover, daf-2 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, ric-4, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk- 1 and unc-13. The daf-16 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk-1 and unc-13. Conclusion These data suggest the possibly important status of the synaptic transmission to the animal＇ s life-span control machinery, as well as the dauer formation control.展开更多
Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambi...Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.展开更多
文摘Objective To identify new genes required for neurosecretory control of aging in C. elegans. Methods In view of the importance of nervous system in aging regulation, we performed the screen for genes involved in the aging regulation from genetic loci encoding synaptic proteins by lifespan assay and accumulation of lipofuscin autofluorescence. We further investigated the dauer formation phenotypes of their corresponding mutants and whether they were possibly up-regulated by the insulin-like signaling pathway. Results The genetic loci of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd- 2, snb-1, ric-4, nrx-1, unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64 might be involved in the aging control. In addition, functions of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and nrx-1 in regulating aging may be opposite to those of unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64. The intestinal autofluorescence assay further indicated that the identified long-lived and short-lived mutants were actually due to the suppressed or accelerated aging. Among the identified genes, syd-2, hlb-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and unc-64 were also involved in the control of dauer formation. Moreover, daf-2 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, ric-4, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk- 1 and unc-13. The daf-16 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk-1 and unc-13. Conclusion These data suggest the possibly important status of the synaptic transmission to the animal＇ s life-span control machinery, as well as the dauer formation control.
基金supported partially by the 973 Program under the Grant 2012CB316100
文摘Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.
