Meta-analysis is a kind of systematic review,which uses quantitative method to summarize the results.It is a comprehensive evaluation to the findings of previous studies with higher credibility.Recently,it is applied ...Meta-analysis is a kind of systematic review,which uses quantitative method to summarize the results.It is a comprehensive evaluation to the findings of previous studies with higher credibility.Recently,it is applied to all areas of scientific research,particularly in the integrated treatment of breast cancer.Currently,breast cancer is known one of the most common malignant tumors,and its incidence is increasing year by year.Therefore,more and more clinical doctors pay attention to the effect of comprehensive treatment for patients with breast cancer.This article mainly collects the results of comprehensive treatment of breast cancer,in which the method of Meta-analysis is applied.In addition,we discuss the latest progress in order to guide the clinical treatment.展开更多
Recent eruption of Unzen Volcano in 1991-1995 caught attention of scientists all over the world because of disastrous character of previous one in 1792. Intrusion of andesitic magma to the chamber with rhyolitic magma...Recent eruption of Unzen Volcano in 1991-1995 caught attention of scientists all over the world because of disastrous character of previous one in 1792. Intrusion of andesitic magma to the chamber with rhyolitic magma is proposed to be a trigger for these eruptions. T-P-X parameters of two end-member magmas have been estimated several times, but usually estimations are based on phenocrysts assemblages. New results of this research are based on mafic enclaves and groundmass. These results are significant for magma mixing and mingling theory.展开更多
2012 is a year of celebrate centenary of X-ray discovery information about Laue＇s （Fridrich and Knipping） experiment was This discovery spread quickly in different countries. The history of written in the paper. Al...2012 is a year of celebrate centenary of X-ray discovery information about Laue＇s （Fridrich and Knipping） experiment was This discovery spread quickly in different countries. The history of written in the paper. Also history mention of Laue＇s experiment in Russia was presented. The system group of X-ray diffraction was created in 1919/1920 in Petrograd （A. Ioffe, State Physical Technical Institute） and Moscow. Themes of research results, scientific newness and scientific rate were presented. The organization, political and other reasons which retarded the active progress of the method in 1930 were described. Initial stage of progress of the method in Russia-USSR was studied by historian of science partly. The reasons of it are： closed of scientific community, political system of country, Cyrillic barrier, etc.. This paper acquaints western scientific community with non-famous Russian materials on theme.展开更多
In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of expo...In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.展开更多
The supply of logs for wood industries during the period 2004-2008 was 13.5-32 million cubic meters per year. Logs from plantation forest reached about 65%, which was exploited from industrial plantation forest, Perum...The supply of logs for wood industries during the period 2004-2008 was 13.5-32 million cubic meters per year. Logs from plantation forest reached about 65%, which was exploited from industrial plantation forest, Perum Perhutani, as a government enterprise, community forest and estate. The changing log supply from natural forest to plantation forest implies changing of wood species, cutting cycle, log diameter and wood properties. Research concerning the utilization of fast growing species, small log diameter, lesser used species and other llignocellulosic material have been intensively done by some research institutes and universities, and were related to wood properties, wood properties enhancement, wood chemistry, bio-composite, wood engineering, and also non-timber forest products.展开更多
In view of the important prestige of Zhang Heng’s seismoscope in world culture,scholars in different countries have performed restoration research,however,so far all restored models have only reached the drawing desi...In view of the important prestige of Zhang Heng’s seismoscope in world culture,scholars in different countries have performed restoration research,however,so far all restored models have only reached the drawing design and exhibition stage. In recent decades,new research achievements on historical materials,archaeology and historical seismology have been made in Chinese academic society,which lay a good foundation for the establishment of a new restored model. Not only does the new model more accord with historical materials,but it can be used to detect earthquakes for the first time. This paper will introduce the restoration in four aspects: scientific train of thought,structural restoration,formation restoration and scientific testing.展开更多
On September 14,2015 the 10 kt/a-class commercialized test project relating to the technology for methanolto-butene production with co-production of propylene(hereafter abbreviated as CMTX)has passed the scientific ac...On September 14,2015 the 10 kt/a-class commercialized test project relating to the technology for methanolto-butene production with co-production of propylene(hereafter abbreviated as CMTX)has passed the scientific achievement appraisal organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industries Federation(CPCIF).展开更多
The domestic tourism development planning began in 1985. According to the research achievement distribution situation, tourism development planning research can be divided into initial stage（ 1985-1998）, development...The domestic tourism development planning began in 1985. According to the research achievement distribution situation, tourism development planning research can be divided into initial stage（ 1985-1998）, development stage（1999-2004） and prosperous stage（2005 till now）. The research achievement has the features of earlier academic research start, slow quantity increase, rapid growth of newspaper quantity, wide distribution of region, research achievement total increase speed slower than social scientific research achievement quantity growth. The research has three aspects of problems： one is insufficient academic research system; two is report lacks of depth, continuity and unity; three is research achievement has overall decreasing trend. The domestic tourism development planning should strengthen the theoretical research, combine with theory and practice; strengthen thematic reports, mining depth information, and give full play to supervision function.展开更多
Agricultural mechanization is to the use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment in agriculture to improve agricultural production conditions, and continuously improve the production technology an...Agricultural mechanization is to the use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment in agriculture to improve agricultural production conditions, and continuously improve the production technology and economic, ecological processes of agriculture. The level of agricultural science and technology depends largely on the degree of agricultural mechanization promotion. An agricultural country level depends on the degree of modern agricultural mechanization level of the application, and the era of mechanization in agriculture can not only save a lot of labor, reduce labor intensity, but also improve labor efficiency, and enhance resistance to natural disasters. The importance of agricultural mechanization technology in the scientific and technological achievements in agriculture is visible.展开更多
This essay studies the phenomenon of‘obtaining of qi’in acupuncture.Combined with clinical practice,the authors think that it was a habitual misunderstanding in the past to equate‘needling sensation’to ‘obtaining...This essay studies the phenomenon of‘obtaining of qi’in acupuncture.Combined with clinical practice,the authors think that it was a habitual misunderstanding in the past to equate‘needling sensation’to ‘obtaining of qi’in acupuncture practice.The two concepts are different and are related with each other.The authors have also classified the phenomenon of‘obtaining of qi’according to its depth in the skin layer. Based on the research achievements in neuroscience,the authors propose the study on‘catching’the specific cerebrations,so as to reveal the essence of‘obtaining of qi’.展开更多
Gefitinib,erlotinib,afatinib and osimertinib have been recommended as the first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),whereas no studies have comp...Gefitinib,erlotinib,afatinib and osimertinib have been recommended as the first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),whereas no studies have compared the cost-effectiveness of these four tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)simultaneously in China.In the present study,we aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of erlotinib,gefitinib,afatinib and osimertinib for untreated EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.A Markov model was constructed to compare the 10-year impact of four TKIs for patients with treatment-naive EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese medical system.Clinical data and utility values were derived from published literature,and costs were obtained from Chinese official websites.The primary output indicator was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model.We found that afatinib was estimated to spend the lowest cost with minimum life-years(LYs),while osimertinib was the most expensive regimen with maximum LYs.The ICER of gefitinib versus afatinib was$732/quality-adjusted life-year(QALY),which was less than the willingness-to-pay(WTP)of$29382/QALY.Compared with gefitinib,erlotinib yielded a higher cost and a shorter lifetime,hence it was identified as a dominated strategy.Then,osimertinib was compared to gefitinib,which produced an ICER of$71330/QALY,exceeding the WTP.It suggested that gefitinib was the most cost-effective regimen as the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.Decreasing the osimertinib price or increasing the WTP threshold to$68558/QALY might enhance the favorability of the outcome,by which osimertinib might become more cost-effective.One-way sensitivity analysis manifested that the model was robust.展开更多
文摘Meta-analysis is a kind of systematic review,which uses quantitative method to summarize the results.It is a comprehensive evaluation to the findings of previous studies with higher credibility.Recently,it is applied to all areas of scientific research,particularly in the integrated treatment of breast cancer.Currently,breast cancer is known one of the most common malignant tumors,and its incidence is increasing year by year.Therefore,more and more clinical doctors pay attention to the effect of comprehensive treatment for patients with breast cancer.This article mainly collects the results of comprehensive treatment of breast cancer,in which the method of Meta-analysis is applied.In addition,we discuss the latest progress in order to guide the clinical treatment.
文摘Recent eruption of Unzen Volcano in 1991-1995 caught attention of scientists all over the world because of disastrous character of previous one in 1792. Intrusion of andesitic magma to the chamber with rhyolitic magma is proposed to be a trigger for these eruptions. T-P-X parameters of two end-member magmas have been estimated several times, but usually estimations are based on phenocrysts assemblages. New results of this research are based on mafic enclaves and groundmass. These results are significant for magma mixing and mingling theory.
文摘2012 is a year of celebrate centenary of X-ray discovery information about Laue＇s （Fridrich and Knipping） experiment was This discovery spread quickly in different countries. The history of written in the paper. Also history mention of Laue＇s experiment in Russia was presented. The system group of X-ray diffraction was created in 1919/1920 in Petrograd （A. Ioffe, State Physical Technical Institute） and Moscow. Themes of research results, scientific newness and scientific rate were presented. The organization, political and other reasons which retarded the active progress of the method in 1930 were described. Initial stage of progress of the method in Russia-USSR was studied by historian of science partly. The reasons of it are： closed of scientific community, political system of country, Cyrillic barrier, etc.. This paper acquaints western scientific community with non-famous Russian materials on theme.
基金funded by 2011 the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Education Ministry of P.R.China (Grant No.11YJA790229)
文摘In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.
文摘The supply of logs for wood industries during the period 2004-2008 was 13.5-32 million cubic meters per year. Logs from plantation forest reached about 65%, which was exploited from industrial plantation forest, Perum Perhutani, as a government enterprise, community forest and estate. The changing log supply from natural forest to plantation forest implies changing of wood species, cutting cycle, log diameter and wood properties. Research concerning the utilization of fast growing species, small log diameter, lesser used species and other llignocellulosic material have been intensively done by some research institutes and universities, and were related to wood properties, wood properties enhancement, wood chemistry, bio-composite, wood engineering, and also non-timber forest products.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40644019)the Special Found of Scientific Research Program for "The Optimization and Design for Reconstruction Models of Seismoscope",China Earthquake Administration
文摘In view of the important prestige of Zhang Heng’s seismoscope in world culture,scholars in different countries have performed restoration research,however,so far all restored models have only reached the drawing design and exhibition stage. In recent decades,new research achievements on historical materials,archaeology and historical seismology have been made in Chinese academic society,which lay a good foundation for the establishment of a new restored model. Not only does the new model more accord with historical materials,but it can be used to detect earthquakes for the first time. This paper will introduce the restoration in four aspects: scientific train of thought,structural restoration,formation restoration and scientific testing.
文摘On September 14,2015 the 10 kt/a-class commercialized test project relating to the technology for methanolto-butene production with co-production of propylene(hereafter abbreviated as CMTX)has passed the scientific achievement appraisal organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industries Federation(CPCIF).
文摘The domestic tourism development planning began in 1985. According to the research achievement distribution situation, tourism development planning research can be divided into initial stage（ 1985-1998）, development stage（1999-2004） and prosperous stage（2005 till now）. The research achievement has the features of earlier academic research start, slow quantity increase, rapid growth of newspaper quantity, wide distribution of region, research achievement total increase speed slower than social scientific research achievement quantity growth. The research has three aspects of problems： one is insufficient academic research system; two is report lacks of depth, continuity and unity; three is research achievement has overall decreasing trend. The domestic tourism development planning should strengthen the theoretical research, combine with theory and practice; strengthen thematic reports, mining depth information, and give full play to supervision function.
文摘Agricultural mechanization is to the use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment in agriculture to improve agricultural production conditions, and continuously improve the production technology and economic, ecological processes of agriculture. The level of agricultural science and technology depends largely on the degree of agricultural mechanization promotion. An agricultural country level depends on the degree of modern agricultural mechanization level of the application, and the era of mechanization in agriculture can not only save a lot of labor, reduce labor intensity, but also improve labor efficiency, and enhance resistance to natural disasters. The importance of agricultural mechanization technology in the scientific and technological achievements in agriculture is visible.
基金supported by a grant from National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No. 2006GB504505)
文摘This essay studies the phenomenon of‘obtaining of qi’in acupuncture.Combined with clinical practice,the authors think that it was a habitual misunderstanding in the past to equate‘needling sensation’to ‘obtaining of qi’in acupuncture practice.The two concepts are different and are related with each other.The authors have also classified the phenomenon of‘obtaining of qi’according to its depth in the skin layer. Based on the research achievements in neuroscience,the authors propose the study on‘catching’the specific cerebrations,so as to reveal the essence of‘obtaining of qi’.
文摘Gefitinib,erlotinib,afatinib and osimertinib have been recommended as the first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),whereas no studies have compared the cost-effectiveness of these four tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)simultaneously in China.In the present study,we aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of erlotinib,gefitinib,afatinib and osimertinib for untreated EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.A Markov model was constructed to compare the 10-year impact of four TKIs for patients with treatment-naive EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese medical system.Clinical data and utility values were derived from published literature,and costs were obtained from Chinese official websites.The primary output indicator was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model.We found that afatinib was estimated to spend the lowest cost with minimum life-years(LYs),while osimertinib was the most expensive regimen with maximum LYs.The ICER of gefitinib versus afatinib was$732/quality-adjusted life-year(QALY),which was less than the willingness-to-pay(WTP)of$29382/QALY.Compared with gefitinib,erlotinib yielded a higher cost and a shorter lifetime,hence it was identified as a dominated strategy.Then,osimertinib was compared to gefitinib,which produced an ICER of$71330/QALY,exceeding the WTP.It suggested that gefitinib was the most cost-effective regimen as the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.Decreasing the osimertinib price or increasing the WTP threshold to$68558/QALY might enhance the favorability of the outcome,by which osimertinib might become more cost-effective.One-way sensitivity analysis manifested that the model was robust.
