不同温度和光周期对三疣子蟹幼体成活度的影响

利用容积为500ml的微流水装置,放入50个同一批三疣梭子蟹(Portunustrituburcula-tus)蚤状幼体(Z1～Z4)和大眼幼体(M),温度控制在室温(18.0℃～27.5℃)、20℃、23℃、26℃、29℃和32℃,光周期控制在室温0h、6h、10h、14h、18h和24h,常规管理,观察幼体成活率。结果表明,Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和M在温度和光周期分别为20℃、18h～24h;21℃～23℃、18h～22h;23℃～26℃、14h～24h和23℃～26℃、18h时,变态率较高。

云南松受到春寒危害成活度的研究

为了解决云南松受倒春寒危害后的对策,我们筛选出了电导率法、呼吸强度测定,TTC法测定受倒春寒危害后云南松的成活度。三种方法测出的数据,都可作为处理的依据。

一种新的寿命分布

本文引入一种更符合实际的寿命分布,它的密度:P(x)=a(x+c)/b^2[1+((x+c)/b)~2]a/2+1,x≥-c。a、b、c为参数,并讨论了分布的重要性质、各参数的实际意义及其估计方法,最后用实例说明了该分布的实用价值。

水产资源与捕捞技术

041020在所罗门群岛红树林-海藻和珊瑚礁平台放流养殖海参短期成活度的变化=Variationinshort-termsurvivalofculturedsandfish(Holothuriascabra)releasedinmangrove-seagrassandcoralreefflathabi-tatsinSolomonIslands[刊,英]/DanceSK,LaneI,BellJD//Aquac..-2003,220(1/4).

Synthesis of optically active lactide catalyzed by nanocrystals of La-Ti composite oxides

With sol-gel method,nanometer La-Ti composite oxides were prepared.By means of atomic force microscope,the surface pattern,particle size distribution and specific surface area were studied.The newly prepared nanocrystals of La-Ti composite oxides were used as the catalysts to catalyze the dehydration of external compensated lactic acid to lactide.The lactide product was measured by polarimeter and micropolariscope.The results demonstrate that the ratio between D-lactide and L-lactide will not be equal to 1-1 if nanocrystals of La-Ti composite oxides are used as the catalysts,which implies,that nanocrystals of La-Ti composite oxides may be potential catalysts with a good selectivity.

Crystallographic and Morphological Sensitivity of N_(2) Activation over Ruthenium

Ruthenium(Ru)serves as a promising catalyst for ammonia synthesis via the Haber-Bosch process,identification of the structure sensitivity to improve the activity of Ru is important but not fully explored yet.We present here density functional theory calculations combined with microkinetic simulations on nitrogen molecule activation,a crucial step in ammonia synthesis,over a variety of hexagonal close-packed(hcp)and face-center cubic(fcc)Ru facets.Hcp{2130}facet exhibits the highest activity toward N_(2) dissociation in hcp Ru,followed by the(0001)monatomic step sites.The other hcp Ru facets have N_(2) dissociation rates at least three orders lower.Fcc{211}facet shows the best performance for N_(2) activation in fcc Ru,followed by{311},which indicates stepped surfaces make great contributions to the overall reactivity.Although hcp Ru{2130}facet and(0001)monatomic step sites have lower or comparable activation barriers compared with fcc Ru{211}facet,fcc Ru is proposed to be more active than hcp Ru for N_(2) conversion due to the exposure of the more favorable active sites over step surfaces in fcc Ru.This work provides new insights into the crystal structure sensitivity of N_(2) activation for mechanistic understanding and rational design of ammonia synthesis over Ru catalysts.

Synthesis and Characterization of Naphthalenesulfonic Formaldehyde Condensates for Improving the Solubility of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 in Alkali Liquor

The solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous alkali is poor, so it isn't used to dye cellulosic fiber in cold pad-batch dyeing. In order to improve the solubility of this dyestuff in alkali liquor, the right dispersants will be needed. A series of condensates are synthesized by changing the synthesis conditions such as the ratio of naphthalenesulfonic (N) to formaldehyde (F), acidity, and their compositions are confirmed by MS spectrum. It is found that in acidity scope of 20%-24% and the ratio of N to F 1∶0.33, the synthesized condensates can efficiently improve the solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in alkali liquor. In addition, the influences of the condensates on the exhaust dyeing and the cold pad-batch dyeing are tested.

Culture of Eriocheir sinensis Larvae in Ponds in Greenhouse

A total of 15 pools were selected from a greenhouse, and they were randomly and evenly divided into three groups.In each group, one stocking density of Eriocheir sinensis was arranged. The results showed that after 45-d culture, the crab number per kilogram reached about 300 with survival rate of about 20%; the initial stocking density had significantly effect on the body size of E. sinensis on sell, instead on the survival rate of E. sinensis larvae. Therefore, it is feasible to conduct the culture of E. sinensis larvae in a pool in greenhouse.

Biodeterioration of Building Timbers in the High-Water-Activity Built Environment of Nigeria

Moulds have been reported to destroy volumes of timbers in buildings annually. As a result, timber components within the built environment decline and fail to fulfill their basic requirements. This research focused on the isolation and evaluation of the prevalence and effects of deteriorating moulds in the rain forest and swampy rain forest regions of Nigeria where the water activity is as high as 0.7. To accomplish this, decayed timber samples were aseptically collected on buildings from six strategic locations. The samples were serially diluted and inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium in Petal dishes. The Petri dishes were incubated for 72 h at 30 ~C. Thereafter, moulds were isolated through visual and microscopic observations. The commonly encountered moulds were evaluated and analyzed. It was observed that, prevalence of moulds on buildings used for non residential purpose were higher. There was no significant difference between the prevalence on the components located inside the building and those outside the building. Ceiba pentandra exhibited highest degradation while Masonia altissima resisted most. The most deteriorating moulds were Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus and Gliocladium. The deteriorations of Ceiba pentandra, Afzelia africana, Lophira alata, Anogessus leocarpus and Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum timbers under Aspergillus attack were projected.

Mesocosm Hatcheries Using Semi-intensive Methodologies and Species Diversification in Aquaculture

Mesocosm hatcheries using semi-intensive culture methodologies are characterized by large tanks （40 m3） for fish larvae production at low densities （2-8 larvae/L）, with live prey production within the tank supplemented by exogenous sources of feed. Due to the high biological quality of larvae produced and low level of technological input, these methodologies are regarded as an interesting option to meet the increasing fry demand from the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to describe the experience at Centro de Maricultura da Calheta, Madeira Island, Portugal, with the establishment of a mesocosm hatchery for the production of marine fish larvae. Production trials were initiated with gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. This larval species presented faster growth in total body length （TL） per day （TL = 3.7516e~ ~293day, R2 = 0.9404）, higher survival rate （SR = 31.9%） and comparable swimbladder inflation rates （SB = 90%） to those of larvae reared with intensive methodologies. High larval performance was obtained with two candidate species for aquaculture： the red porgy Pagruspagrus （TL = 3.212e~~39day, R2 = 0.995; SR = 15.3%; SB = 95.7%） and the white seabream Diplodus sargus （TL = 3.6355e~~413day, R2= 0.9824; SR = 25%; SB --- 100%）. Testing ofa 110 m3 mesocosm rearing tank with white seabream larvae revealed limitations associated to larger tanks namely, the amount and quality of live feed required daily. First trials with striped jack （Pseudocararoc dentex） larvae resulted in low larval survival （0.04%）, but the use of a white tank avoided culture management constraints related to positive phototropism. The present results suggest that a mesocosm using semi-intensive methodologies may contribute to species diversification and consequently, to the sustainable development of aquaculture.

Study of the Firing Temperature of Marajoara Archaeological Ceramics by EPR Associated to INAA Data

The Marajó Island is the largest island of the Marajō archipelago, located in the north of Brazil. In this region, at the end of 19th century, it was identified an archaeological society named Marajora, which occupied the island from 400 to 1,350 AD. It was characterized by a ceramic style recognized by its beauty and exuberance. Until this moment, the physical and chemical analysis studies in this ceramics are scarce and this kind of studies may help archaeological studies performed in the island. With this purpose, this work presents a preliminary study of the firing temperature in the ceramics. For that, the elementary concentrations of 109 samples from Museu de Archaeology and Ethnology Museum of the University of Sáo Paulo and samples collected in the Marajá Island were studied. The samples were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis in which the elemental concentration of Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn were determined. The interpretation of the results was made using multivariate statistical approaches and showed the existence of three chemical groups. Some samples of each cluster were chosen for the determination of their firing temperatures by electron paramagnetic resonance, in order to verify if different firing temperatures was associated with different elemental groups of ceramic samples. The results showed that there are no statistical differences in the firing temperature between the samples from Archaeology and Ethnology Museum and the contemporary samples of the Marajá Island.

Research on the effect of the component proportion in the new water mist additive on firefighting performance

Water mist technology provides efficient firefighting performance while there is still room for improvement. So varieties of additives have been studied in recent years both at home and abroad. The self-made additives are used to compare the firefighting performance of diesel and heptane fire in open space. By adjusting the concentration of substance in the additives and conducting the experiment under the pressure of 0.3 MPa,0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa,extinguish time and temperature are measured in the experiment. Through the experiments using different fuels,it can be found when the fuel is heptane that has a lower ignition point and a higher evaporation rate, the water mist additive can still significantly improve the firefighting performance. According to the data based on different concentrations of fluorinated surfactants,we find that fluorinated surfactants are the main substance to improve the performances by changing physical property of water mist. Optimal proportion of the additives for firefighting performance is found by experiment results.

Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure and activity characteristics of the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake in 2021

In this paper,using natural earthquake P-wave arrival time data recorded by the seismic network in the surrounding area of Madoi,the three-dimensional fine P-wave crustal velocity structure at depths above 60 km in the epicenter of the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake was inverted using the double-difference seismic tomography method.On the basis of the relocation of the source of the aftershock sequence,we summarized the strip-shaped distribution characteristics along the strike of the Jiangcuo fault,revealing the significant heterogeneity of the crustal velocity structure in the source area.Research has found that most of the Madoi Ms7.4 aftershocks were located in the weak area of the high-speed anomaly in the upper crust.The focal depth changed with the velocity structure,showing obvious fluctuation and segmentation characteristics.There was a good correspondence between the spatial distribution and the velocity structure.The high-velocity bodies of the upper crust in the hypocenter area provided a medium environment for earthquake rupture,the low-velocity bodies of the middle crust formed the deep material,and the migration channel and the undulating shape of the high-speed body in the lower crust corroborated the strong pushing action in the region.The results confirmed that under the continuous promotion of tectonic stress in the Madoi area,the high-speed body of the Jiangcuo fault blocked the migration of weak materials in the middle crust.When the stress accumulation exceeded the limit,the Madoi Ms7.4 earthquake occurred.Meanwhile,the nonuniform velocity structure near the fault plane determined the location of the main shock and the spatiotemporal distribution of the aftershock sequence.

Sprouting Value Index and Viability Percentage： An Integrated Measure of Vegetative Planting Material

Rooting ability of indole 3-butyric acid （IBA）-induced stem cuttings in vegetative regeneration experiments depends on various parameters, which can be entrenched using sprouting value index （SVI）, a mathematical approach. In this study, field studies were carried out in Tabebuia rosea to generate clonal planting stock regeneration using three rooting medium at a location in Central Kerala, Peninsular India, for three consecutive years from October 2014 till June 2016 at four months regular intervals. Three IBA concentrations, viz., 200, 500 and 1,000 ppm, have been used and the data obtained was evaluated using SVI method in order to establish the suitable medium, which gives the maximum rooting results. Control cuttings did not record rooting in any of the trials. The high SVI was obtained when stem root cuttings planted in root trainers with coir pith compost （RTCP） for all the three concentration of IBA applied. Sprouting percentage was marked up and the delay in completion of sprouting/rooting initiation decreased by the use of IBA treatment.

The Nature of Philosophy for Children and Its Role in Teaching and Learning

The claim of philosophy connection with academic education is based upon the assumption that philosophy can change students＇ critical status （such as surprising, demanding standard...） and train them with reasoning, conception forming, changing, and investigating skills. Philosophy in school, on the one hand, is a progressive discussion about our future educational system so that it can provide safe training about how philosophy can be performed and mixed in school classes and auditoriums. Therefore, philosophy for children explains that how each teacher in each subject is able to accept a model of philosophical search and adapt it to the class situation. Philosophy is much better understood if considered as a public activity and a conversation according to what Socrates did, than just considered as an education subject which should be inserted in child＇s memory. On the other hand, philosophical opening, questioning, and surprising toward the word--the characteristics which are undeniable, admirable, and comprehensive----can be remained superficial and even bare. Unless, it founts from Socrates＇ dialectic insight： ＂I know that I don＇t know.＂ Philosophy for children is a program which involves them in every class discussion in the field of philosophical subjects. The aim of this program is the improvement of children though via introducing them numerous ＂Big Question＂ and enables them in considering these questions. Using this program, teachers encourage children to think more deeply on ideas about their schoolwork. This strategy mainly takes place in project community of classes. Children will deeply concentrate on their thoughts and skill and then improve them while considering and reinforcing their own and others＇ ideas in response to philosophical puzzles. This article aims to reply the following questions： What is philosophy for children？ What aims does it follow？ What is its content？ What skills does it consider？ How does it compose with the current educational programming？ What strategies does this curriculum follow？

Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-bis-adamantyl Disubstituted Ureas and Biureas

1,3-disubstituted ureas of adamantine series are potent for hypertension and inflammatory treatment. The most valuable parameters of these compounds are melting point and solubility. Higher melting point leads to lower bioavailability and for most of the compounds investigated before it was very high. Usage of isocyanates containing 1,3-dimethyladamantane fragment will significantly decrease the melting point, improve solubility and therefore improve bioavailability of 1,3-disubstituted ureas and other biologically active compounds produced on its base. This article presents new 1,3-disubstituted ureas and biureas synthesized by the authors.

Phytosomes: an effective approach to enhance the oral bioavailability of active constituents extracted from plants

Many active constituents from herbal plants have well-established pharmacological effects in vitro. But they demonstrate less or no activities in vivo due to various problems of themselves, which severely restricts their clinical applications. After forming phytosomes with phospholipids in aprotic solvent, the active constituents exhibit different physicochemical properties from the free form. In particular, the bioavailability of the active constituent-phytosomes is enhanced greatly due to the improved capacity to cross the biomembrane and reach circulation. Therefore, increasing attention has been attracted to the use of phytosomes in recent years. Based on the published reports, we reviewed the recent progress in the research of phytosomes including preparation, characterization, structure verification and clinical applications.

A cementation method of loose particles based on microbe-based cement

Microbe-based cement has been widely reported in recent literatures. It is a new method of consolidating loose fine particles, which relies on the bacterially induced formation of a compatible carbonate precipitation around individual particles and at particle-particle contacts. Materials and cementation procedure are two major factors that influence the cementation performance of microbe-based cement. Besides, there are some other factors related to the performance, such as pH, temperature, metabolism activity, the flushed times of bacterial solution, concentration of substrate and calcium ion, etc., which affect consolidation function. The assessment methods for cementation process are carried out by various techniques. The performance of consolidation loose grains based on microbe-based cement is tested with the help of experiment. In this paper a review is presented on the cementation mechanism of microbe-based cement, techniques utilized to monitor cementation process, the consolidated performance by microbe-based cement and bond factors.

浅谈造林技术措施

吴堡县地处陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,榆林市东南部。气候属半干旱大陆性季风气候,四季分明,降雨稀少,年平均降雨量在350mm左右,气象灾害频繁,经常受干旱、大风、低温、干热风等危害。自然条件差,森林植被盖度低,而且天然林比例极小,人工造林是提高森林植被盖度的主要途径。这一区域,水资源贫乏,可供林木生长的水分亏缺,在以天然降水为主要水源的条件下,必须加强各造林技术环节,采用先进造林技术措施才能提高造林成活率,促进幼林郁闭成林,改善生态环境。

Influence of initial alkalinity on the hydration of steel slag

The influences of different alkaline conditions on the kinds and morphologies of steel slag＇s hydration products, Ca（OH）2 con- tent of hydration products, pore stiucture of hardened paste, non-evaporable water content of hydration products, and strength of steel slag mortar were investigated by changing the initial alkalinity of the hydration condition of steel slag. The results showed that increasing the initial alkalinity of hydration condition can promote the early hydration of steel slag＇s active com- ponents （e,g., C2S, C3S, and C12A7）, but it has little influence on their late-age hydration degree. The hydration degree of non-active components （e.g., RO phase and Fe304） of steel slag is very low even under strong alkaline condition with pH value of 13.8. The excitation effect of alkaline condition on the early hydration of steel slag is more obvious with the increase of pH value, but the kinds of steel slag＇s hydration products are not influenced by changing the alkaline condition. The amount of steel slag＇s hydration products is limited, so the strength of alkali-activated steel slag mortar is very low though the strong al- kaline condition significantly promotes the early hydration of steel slag. Steel slag is not an ideal raw material for alka- li-activated cementitious material.