[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock p...[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.展开更多
AIM： To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） and VEGF-C and to determine whether the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C was associated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancr...AIM： To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） and VEGF-C and to determine whether the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C was associated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer. METHODS： VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcripts were examined by Northern blot in 6 human pancreatic cancer cell lines and 8 normal pancreatic tissues and 8 pancreatic carcinoma specimens. The expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C proteins was examined by Western blot in the tested cell lines and by immunohistochemical stain in 50 pancreatic carcinoma samples. RESULTS： VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcripts were present in all the 6 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C proteins in all the cell lines. Northern blot analysis of total RNA revealed 3.0-fold and 3.6-fold increase in VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcript in the cancer samples, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in cancer cells within the tumor mass. Immunohistochemical analysis of 50 pancreatic cancer tissue samples revealed the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C immunoreactivity in 50% and 80% of the cancer tissue samples, respectively. The presence of VEGF-A in these cells was associated with larger tumor size and enhanced local spread （x^2= 6.690, P= 0.035〈0.05） but was not associated with decreased patient survival. However, the presence of VEGF-C in the cancer cells was associated with increased lymph node metastasis （x^2= 5.710, P= 0.017〈0.05）,but was not associated with decreased patient survival. There was no correlation between the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in the same cancer cells. CONCLUSION： VEGF-A and VEGF-C are commonly overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and may contribute to tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, There is no relationship between the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer.展开更多
The effect of salinity on the growth and muscle nutritional quality of theExopalaemon carinicauda was studied through testing the survival rate, specific growthrate, muscle nutrient composition, amino acid composition...The effect of salinity on the growth and muscle nutritional quality of theExopalaemon carinicauda was studied through testing the survival rate, specific growthrate, muscle nutrient composition, amino acid composition and content by the culturingin different salinities(0-30).The results showed that the survival rate of salinity (0-30)had no significant difference (P>0.05), and the specific growth rates at salinity 15 andsalinity 20 were significantly higher than others(P>0.05); the muscle moisture contentand the crude fat content significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the muscle crudeprotein content significantly increased with an increase in the environment salinity from0 to 30(P <0.05).The crude ash content with salinity increase had a slight increase; themuscle crude protein content (18.2) at salinity 15 was significantly higher than that atsalinity 0,5, or 10(P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between salinity 15and salinity 20(P>0.05). No significant difference was found in total amino acid contentor total essential amino acid content from salinity 0 to 30(P>0.05). Total delicious aminoacid content at salinity 15-30 was significantly higher than those at salinity 0-10(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference from salinity 15 to 30(P>0.05). Theresults suggest that the suitable salinity for muscle nutritive value ranges from 15 to 30,and the Exopalaemon carinicauda can potentially be cultured above the salinity 15.展开更多
In the-comparison between two experimental turtle (Trionyx sinensis) groups fed on the feed containing 1 % or 2% Chinese medicinal herb powder and the contrast group to which no Chinese herb was fed,no obvious differe...In the-comparison between two experimental turtle (Trionyx sinensis) groups fed on the feed containing 1 % or 2% Chinese medicinal herb powder and the contrast group to which no Chinese herb was fed,no obvious difference of γ-globulin level in the turtles' serum was found,but the survival rate of the experimental groups was obviously higher than that of the contrast group,and cell immunity of the experimental groups was significantly higher when tested by subcutaneous injection of PHA.Meanwhile,the Chinese herb promoted the growth of the turtles.展开更多
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue. Intestinal fibrosis may develop in s...Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue. Intestinal fibrosis may develop in several different enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. It develops through complex cell, extracellular matrix, cytokine and growth factor interactions. Distinct cell types are involved in intestinal fibrosis, such as resident mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) but also ECM-producing cells derived from epithelial and endothelial cells (through a process termed epithelialand endothelial-mesenchymal transition), stellate cells, pericytes, local or bone marrow-derived stem cells. The most important soluble factors that regulate the activation of these cells include cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, components of the renin-angiotensin system, angiogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin, and products of oxidative stress. It soon becomes clear that although inflammation is responsible for triggering the onset of the fibrotic proc-ess, it only plays a minor role in the progression of this condition, as fibrosis may advance in a self-perpetuating fashion. Definition of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis may provide the key to developing new therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Land animals as well as all organisms in ocean synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. Fungi split from animals about 1.5 billion years ago. As fungi make the evolutionary journey from ocean to land, the biggest changes ...Land animals as well as all organisms in ocean synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. Fungi split from animals about 1.5 billion years ago. As fungi make the evolutionary journey from ocean to land, the biggest changes in their living environment may be a sharp decrease in salt concentration. It is established that sulfated polysaccharides interact with hundreds of signaling molecules and facilitate many signaling transduction pathways, including fibroblast growth factor （FGF） and FGF receptor signaling pathway. The disappearance of sulfated polysaccharides in fimgi and plants on land might indicate that polysaccharides without sulfation might be sufficient in facilitating protein ligand/receptor interactions in low salinity land. Recently, it was reported that plants on land start to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides in high salt environment, suggesting that fungi might be able to do the same when ex- posed in such environment. Interestingly, Cordyceps, a fungus habituating inside caterpillar body, is the most valued traditional Chi- nese Medicine. One of the important pharmaceutical active ingredients in Cordyceps is polysaccharides. Therefore, we hypothesize that the salty environment inside caterpillar body might allow the fungi to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. To test the hypothesis, we isolated polysaccharides from both lava and sporophore of wild Cordyceps and also from Cordyceps militaris cultured without or with added salts. We then measured the polysaccharide activity using a FGF2/FGFRlc signaling-dependent BaF3 cell proliferation assay and found that polysaccharides isolated from wild Cordyceps activated FGF2/FGFR signaling, indicating that the polysaccha- rides synthesized by wild Cordyceps are indeed different from those by the cultured mycelium.展开更多
Background:Designing a simple and accessible approach to age estimation in children and youth is a great challenge in the fields of sports and physical activity(PA).This study was designed to develop and validate a ph...Background:Designing a simple and accessible approach to age estimation in children and youth is a great challenge in the fields of sports and physical activity(PA).This study was designed to develop and validate a physical-examination-based method of estimating age in young children.Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014,we performed physical examinations and assessed PA among 14,970 elementary school children 7–12 years old in Shanghai,China.Additional biological information on the children's height and birth date was ascertained through their parents.Two indicators were applied to develop a gender-specific age estimation equation:The percentage of predicted mature height(PPMH) and the Tanner stage.The equation was validated through a k-fold cross-validation approach.To check for estimation accuracy,the association between the discrepancy of estimated age(EA) and chronological age and PA was examined.Results:The gender-specific equations of EA were as follows:EA_(boy) = –6.071 + 6.559 Tanner 2 + 13.315 Tanner 3 + 14.130 Tanner 4 + 0.190 PPMH – 0.071 Tanner 2 × PPMH – 0.146 Tanner 3 × PPMH – 0.155 Tanner 4 × PPMH;EA_(girl) = –4.524 – 1.251 Tanner 2 + 2.504 Tanner 3 + 8.752 Tanner 4 + 11.893 Tanner 5 + 0.158 PPMH + 0.017 Tanner 2 × PPMH – 0.024 Tanner 3 × PPMH – 0.087 Tanner 4 × PPMH – 0.118 Tanner5 × PPMH.The mean absolute error was 0.60 years for boys and 0.59 years for girls.The discrepancy score was negatively and weakly associated with self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA in both genders(r_(boy) = –0.09,p < 0.001;r_(girl) = –0.12,p < 0.001).Conclusion:Findings suggest that physical examinations could provide a valid and reliable approach for estimating age in young Chinese children.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.
基金Supported by grant from Ministry of Education of China, No. 2002247
文摘AIM： To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） and VEGF-C and to determine whether the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C was associated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer. METHODS： VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcripts were examined by Northern blot in 6 human pancreatic cancer cell lines and 8 normal pancreatic tissues and 8 pancreatic carcinoma specimens. The expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C proteins was examined by Western blot in the tested cell lines and by immunohistochemical stain in 50 pancreatic carcinoma samples. RESULTS： VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcripts were present in all the 6 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C proteins in all the cell lines. Northern blot analysis of total RNA revealed 3.0-fold and 3.6-fold increase in VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA transcript in the cancer samples, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in cancer cells within the tumor mass. Immunohistochemical analysis of 50 pancreatic cancer tissue samples revealed the presence of VEGF-A and VEGF-C immunoreactivity in 50% and 80% of the cancer tissue samples, respectively. The presence of VEGF-A in these cells was associated with larger tumor size and enhanced local spread （x^2= 6.690, P= 0.035〈0.05） but was not associated with decreased patient survival. However, the presence of VEGF-C in the cancer cells was associated with increased lymph node metastasis （x^2= 5.710, P= 0.017〈0.05）,but was not associated with decreased patient survival. There was no correlation between the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in the same cancer cells. CONCLUSION： VEGF-A and VEGF-C are commonly overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and may contribute to tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, There is no relationship between the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by Fund of Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China(LSF2012-05)
文摘The effect of salinity on the growth and muscle nutritional quality of theExopalaemon carinicauda was studied through testing the survival rate, specific growthrate, muscle nutrient composition, amino acid composition and content by the culturingin different salinities(0-30).The results showed that the survival rate of salinity (0-30)had no significant difference (P>0.05), and the specific growth rates at salinity 15 andsalinity 20 were significantly higher than others(P>0.05); the muscle moisture contentand the crude fat content significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the muscle crudeprotein content significantly increased with an increase in the environment salinity from0 to 30(P <0.05).The crude ash content with salinity increase had a slight increase; themuscle crude protein content (18.2) at salinity 15 was significantly higher than that atsalinity 0,5, or 10(P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between salinity 15and salinity 20(P>0.05). No significant difference was found in total amino acid contentor total essential amino acid content from salinity 0 to 30(P>0.05). Total delicious aminoacid content at salinity 15-30 was significantly higher than those at salinity 0-10(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference from salinity 15 to 30(P>0.05). Theresults suggest that the suitable salinity for muscle nutritive value ranges from 15 to 30,and the Exopalaemon carinicauda can potentially be cultured above the salinity 15.
文摘In the-comparison between two experimental turtle (Trionyx sinensis) groups fed on the feed containing 1 % or 2% Chinese medicinal herb powder and the contrast group to which no Chinese herb was fed,no obvious difference of γ-globulin level in the turtles' serum was found,but the survival rate of the experimental groups was obviously higher than that of the contrast group,and cell immunity of the experimental groups was significantly higher when tested by subcutaneous injection of PHA.Meanwhile,the Chinese herb promoted the growth of the turtles.
文摘Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue. Intestinal fibrosis may develop in several different enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. It develops through complex cell, extracellular matrix, cytokine and growth factor interactions. Distinct cell types are involved in intestinal fibrosis, such as resident mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) but also ECM-producing cells derived from epithelial and endothelial cells (through a process termed epithelialand endothelial-mesenchymal transition), stellate cells, pericytes, local or bone marrow-derived stem cells. The most important soluble factors that regulate the activation of these cells include cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, components of the renin-angiotensin system, angiogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin, and products of oxidative stress. It soon becomes clear that although inflammation is responsible for triggering the onset of the fibrotic proc-ess, it only plays a minor role in the progression of this condition, as fibrosis may advance in a self-perpetuating fashion. Definition of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis may provide the key to developing new therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91129706)
文摘Land animals as well as all organisms in ocean synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. Fungi split from animals about 1.5 billion years ago. As fungi make the evolutionary journey from ocean to land, the biggest changes in their living environment may be a sharp decrease in salt concentration. It is established that sulfated polysaccharides interact with hundreds of signaling molecules and facilitate many signaling transduction pathways, including fibroblast growth factor （FGF） and FGF receptor signaling pathway. The disappearance of sulfated polysaccharides in fimgi and plants on land might indicate that polysaccharides without sulfation might be sufficient in facilitating protein ligand/receptor interactions in low salinity land. Recently, it was reported that plants on land start to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides in high salt environment, suggesting that fungi might be able to do the same when ex- posed in such environment. Interestingly, Cordyceps, a fungus habituating inside caterpillar body, is the most valued traditional Chi- nese Medicine. One of the important pharmaceutical active ingredients in Cordyceps is polysaccharides. Therefore, we hypothesize that the salty environment inside caterpillar body might allow the fungi to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. To test the hypothesis, we isolated polysaccharides from both lava and sporophore of wild Cordyceps and also from Cordyceps militaris cultured without or with added salts. We then measured the polysaccharide activity using a FGF2/FGFRlc signaling-dependent BaF3 cell proliferation assay and found that polysaccharides isolated from wild Cordyceps activated FGF2/FGFR signaling, indicating that the polysaccha- rides synthesized by wild Cordyceps are indeed different from those by the cultured mycelium.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81422040,81172685)Ministry of Education New Century Excellent Talents(NCET-13-0362)+3 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(12411950405,14441904004,13QH1401800)The fourth round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan(2015–2017)(GWIV-36)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(D1502)The Ministry of Science and Technology(2010CB535000)
文摘Background:Designing a simple and accessible approach to age estimation in children and youth is a great challenge in the fields of sports and physical activity(PA).This study was designed to develop and validate a physical-examination-based method of estimating age in young children.Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014,we performed physical examinations and assessed PA among 14,970 elementary school children 7–12 years old in Shanghai,China.Additional biological information on the children's height and birth date was ascertained through their parents.Two indicators were applied to develop a gender-specific age estimation equation:The percentage of predicted mature height(PPMH) and the Tanner stage.The equation was validated through a k-fold cross-validation approach.To check for estimation accuracy,the association between the discrepancy of estimated age(EA) and chronological age and PA was examined.Results:The gender-specific equations of EA were as follows:EA_(boy) = –6.071 + 6.559 Tanner 2 + 13.315 Tanner 3 + 14.130 Tanner 4 + 0.190 PPMH – 0.071 Tanner 2 × PPMH – 0.146 Tanner 3 × PPMH – 0.155 Tanner 4 × PPMH;EA_(girl) = –4.524 – 1.251 Tanner 2 + 2.504 Tanner 3 + 8.752 Tanner 4 + 11.893 Tanner 5 + 0.158 PPMH + 0.017 Tanner 2 × PPMH – 0.024 Tanner 3 × PPMH – 0.087 Tanner 4 × PPMH – 0.118 Tanner5 × PPMH.The mean absolute error was 0.60 years for boys and 0.59 years for girls.The discrepancy score was negatively and weakly associated with self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA in both genders(r_(boy) = –0.09,p < 0.001;r_(girl) = –0.12,p < 0.001).Conclusion:Findings suggest that physical examinations could provide a valid and reliable approach for estimating age in young Chinese children.
