A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The chara...A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The characteristic of its degradation was researched and the results showed that the optimum conditions of this strain for degrading LAS were 30℃, pH 6.0, 150 ml solution in 500 ml triangle vase, 120 r/min, LAS concentration of 200 - 600 mg/L. The growth amount of the bacteria were up to 0. 443 （ OD400 ） and the degrading rate was up to 89.4%. The ability of the bacterium to degrade LAS could be as high as concentration of 1 200 mg/L.展开更多
Kinetic data of methane hydrate formation in the presence of purewater, brines with single salt and mixed salts, and aqueous solutionsof ethylene glycol (EG) and salt + EG were measured. A new kineticmodel of hydrate ...Kinetic data of methane hydrate formation in the presence of purewater, brines with single salt and mixed salts, and aqueous solutionsof ethylene glycol (EG) and salt + EG were measured. A new kineticmodel of hydrate formation for the methane + water systems wasdeveloped based on a four-step formation mechanism and reactionkinetics approach. The proposed kinetic model predicts the kineticbehavior of methane hydrate formation in pure water with goodaccuracy. The feasibility of extending the kinetic model to salt (s)and EG containing systems was explored.展开更多
Syngas to aromatics(STA)over bifunctional catalysts has attracted much attention in recent years,but the mechanism underlying the formation of aromatics remains controversial.The critical reaction intermediates,carbox...Syngas to aromatics(STA)over bifunctional catalysts has attracted much attention in recent years,but the mechanism underlying the formation of aromatics remains controversial.The critical reaction intermediates,carboxylates,were first identified and then confirmed to essentially promote aromatization in the syngas conversion over a ZnCrAlO_(x)&H-ZSM-5 composite catalyst.This study provides evidence that the carboxylates can be formed during the reactions of formate species and olefins.In addition,it is shown that the carboxylates favor the formation of aromatics over H-ZSM-5 even in the presence of H2.A novel mechanism for the formation of aromatics via the generation and transformation of carboxylate intermediates is proposed,and the transformation of carboxylates to aromatics via methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one(MCPO)intermediates is indeed likely.A better understanding of the formation mechanism of aromatics would help optimize the composite catalyst.展开更多
The fate of CR formulation of 14C--thiobencarb (thio.) was studied at the high rate of application in a model paddy field. Thio. could be released from the alginate formulation (TAL-17189) into water. The concentratio...The fate of CR formulation of 14C--thiobencarb (thio.) was studied at the high rate of application in a model paddy field. Thio. could be released from the alginate formulation (TAL-17189) into water. The concentration of thio. in water increased with time, then declined. Thio. in water could be converted to more than 12 14C--degradation products which changed with time. An unknown degradation product (Mo) was always prevailing after application. Thio. in water could be adsorbed by soil particles. Most of the adsorbed thio. retained in upper layer. Thio. in soil could be also degraded tO more than 6 products. Thio. and its degradation products could conjugate with the compositions of soil to bound residues (BR). Thio. was 45.6 % of the toeal 14C--extractable residues (ER) in upper layer soil at harvest. 14C--thio. in water and soil could be uptaken by rice plants. Thio. in plants existed in ER and BR.Most of 14C--residues in straw, roots, brown rice and husk were in bound form, more than 92 % of the toeal 14C in them at harvest respectively. Thio. in plantS could be metabolized to more than 9 metsbolites which changed with time. 14C--thio. in straw,brown rice and husk accounted for 55\88, 6.06 and 11.18 % of the total 14C-- ER of them at harvest respectively. An unknown 14C--metebolite in brown rice was prevailing,accounted for 63.03 % of the total 14C- ER.展开更多
The development of gold and cobalt-copper-nickel deposits in Kamchatka threatens the loss of biodiversity in spawning rivers and lakes and has negative effects on coastal ecosystems. To reduce pollution by mining wast...The development of gold and cobalt-copper-nickel deposits in Kamchatka threatens the loss of biodiversity in spawning rivers and lakes and has negative effects on coastal ecosystems. To reduce pollution by mining wastes, filters with dried marine alga Saccharina bongardiana in combination with zeolite and pumice are recommended. Combined Saccharina-based sorbents remove heavy metal ions more effectively, increasing adsorption capacity by five times compared to mineral （pumice） sorhents. As a result of desorption, a tenfold increase of the solution concentration is reached after the first sorption cycle. Valuable elements （Ni, Co, Cu etc.） can then be extracted from concentrates by any known method. It increases economic efficiency of the mining industry due to recycling of non-ferrous metals. Saccharina-based sorbents can be also utilized for purification of polluted natural waters. It may serve as environmental protection measure and provide for ecological safety of the unique natural environment of Kamchatka and its bioresources.展开更多
A homogeneous layer of Bi_2O_3-Bi_(14)WO_(24) composite(BWO/Bi_2O_3) thin film was fabricated using a combination of electrodeposition and thermal treatment. The evenly distributed Bi14 WO24 component within the Bi_2O...A homogeneous layer of Bi_2O_3-Bi_(14)WO_(24) composite(BWO/Bi_2O_3) thin film was fabricated using a combination of electrodeposition and thermal treatment. The evenly distributed Bi14 WO24 component within the Bi_2O_3 layer was found to be important in stabilising the photoelectrochemical performances of Bi_2O_3 photoanode by promoting the photoelectron transport. The unmodified Bi_2O_3 suffered from severe photocorrosion as proven by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and inductively coupled plasma(ICP) analyses while the composite thin film was active without noticeable activity decay for at least 3 h of illumination. This strategy might be applicable to other photocatalysts with stability issues.展开更多
A novel metal-free photocatalyst--sulfur/graphene （S/GR） composite--has been synthesized using a facile one-pot, two-step hydrothermal method with thiosulfate and graphene oxide （GO） as precursors. A green reducta...A novel metal-free photocatalyst--sulfur/graphene （S/GR） composite--has been synthesized using a facile one-pot, two-step hydrothermal method with thiosulfate and graphene oxide （GO） as precursors. A green reductant--L-ascorbic add--was used to transform GO to GR under mild conditions. The photocatalyst powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscop, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Experimental tests were conducted on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange （MO） by different catalysts. Compared to pure oL-S, the as-prepared S/GR composite showed much enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO under both UV and solar light. The presence of GR also greatly increased the hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of the catalyst material. The results indicate that the incorporation of GR with a-S results in a synergistic effect for the S-based photocatalysts offering more effective environmental applications.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xuzhou City(X2004424-1)~~
文摘A IAS degradation strain with high resistance, which could take linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS） as only carton origin for growth, was isolated from the drain canal of Hangao Detergent Plant of Xuzhou. The characteristic of its degradation was researched and the results showed that the optimum conditions of this strain for degrading LAS were 30℃, pH 6.0, 150 ml solution in 500 ml triangle vase, 120 r/min, LAS concentration of 200 - 600 mg/L. The growth amount of the bacteria were up to 0. 443 （ OD400 ） and the degrading rate was up to 89.4%. The ability of the bacterium to degrade LAS could be as high as concentration of 1 200 mg/L.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No. 20003010) and Postdoctoral Research Foundation.
文摘Kinetic data of methane hydrate formation in the presence of purewater, brines with single salt and mixed salts, and aqueous solutionsof ethylene glycol (EG) and salt + EG were measured. A new kineticmodel of hydrate formation for the methane + water systems wasdeveloped based on a four-step formation mechanism and reactionkinetics approach. The proposed kinetic model predicts the kineticbehavior of methane hydrate formation in pure water with goodaccuracy. The feasibility of extending the kinetic model to salt (s)and EG containing systems was explored.
文摘Syngas to aromatics(STA)over bifunctional catalysts has attracted much attention in recent years,but the mechanism underlying the formation of aromatics remains controversial.The critical reaction intermediates,carboxylates,were first identified and then confirmed to essentially promote aromatization in the syngas conversion over a ZnCrAlO_(x)&H-ZSM-5 composite catalyst.This study provides evidence that the carboxylates can be formed during the reactions of formate species and olefins.In addition,it is shown that the carboxylates favor the formation of aromatics over H-ZSM-5 even in the presence of H2.A novel mechanism for the formation of aromatics via the generation and transformation of carboxylate intermediates is proposed,and the transformation of carboxylates to aromatics via methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one(MCPO)intermediates is indeed likely.A better understanding of the formation mechanism of aromatics would help optimize the composite catalyst.
文摘The fate of CR formulation of 14C--thiobencarb (thio.) was studied at the high rate of application in a model paddy field. Thio. could be released from the alginate formulation (TAL-17189) into water. The concentration of thio. in water increased with time, then declined. Thio. in water could be converted to more than 12 14C--degradation products which changed with time. An unknown degradation product (Mo) was always prevailing after application. Thio. in water could be adsorbed by soil particles. Most of the adsorbed thio. retained in upper layer. Thio. in soil could be also degraded tO more than 6 products. Thio. and its degradation products could conjugate with the compositions of soil to bound residues (BR). Thio. was 45.6 % of the toeal 14C--extractable residues (ER) in upper layer soil at harvest. 14C--thio. in water and soil could be uptaken by rice plants. Thio. in plants existed in ER and BR.Most of 14C--residues in straw, roots, brown rice and husk were in bound form, more than 92 % of the toeal 14C in them at harvest respectively. Thio. in plantS could be metabolized to more than 9 metsbolites which changed with time. 14C--thio. in straw,brown rice and husk accounted for 55\88, 6.06 and 11.18 % of the total 14C-- ER of them at harvest respectively. An unknown 14C--metebolite in brown rice was prevailing,accounted for 63.03 % of the total 14C- ER.
文摘The development of gold and cobalt-copper-nickel deposits in Kamchatka threatens the loss of biodiversity in spawning rivers and lakes and has negative effects on coastal ecosystems. To reduce pollution by mining wastes, filters with dried marine alga Saccharina bongardiana in combination with zeolite and pumice are recommended. Combined Saccharina-based sorbents remove heavy metal ions more effectively, increasing adsorption capacity by five times compared to mineral （pumice） sorhents. As a result of desorption, a tenfold increase of the solution concentration is reached after the first sorption cycle. Valuable elements （Ni, Co, Cu etc.） can then be extracted from concentrates by any known method. It increases economic efficiency of the mining industry due to recycling of non-ferrous metals. Saccharina-based sorbents can be also utilized for purification of polluted natural waters. It may serve as environmental protection measure and provide for ecological safety of the unique natural environment of Kamchatka and its bioresources.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council under the Laureate Fellowship Scheme(FL140100081)
文摘A homogeneous layer of Bi_2O_3-Bi_(14)WO_(24) composite(BWO/Bi_2O_3) thin film was fabricated using a combination of electrodeposition and thermal treatment. The evenly distributed Bi14 WO24 component within the Bi_2O_3 layer was found to be important in stabilising the photoelectrochemical performances of Bi_2O_3 photoanode by promoting the photoelectron transport. The unmodified Bi_2O_3 suffered from severe photocorrosion as proven by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and inductively coupled plasma(ICP) analyses while the composite thin film was active without noticeable activity decay for at least 3 h of illumination. This strategy might be applicable to other photocatalysts with stability issues.
文摘A novel metal-free photocatalyst--sulfur/graphene （S/GR） composite--has been synthesized using a facile one-pot, two-step hydrothermal method with thiosulfate and graphene oxide （GO） as precursors. A green reductant--L-ascorbic add--was used to transform GO to GR under mild conditions. The photocatalyst powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscop, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Experimental tests were conducted on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange （MO） by different catalysts. Compared to pure oL-S, the as-prepared S/GR composite showed much enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO under both UV and solar light. The presence of GR also greatly increased the hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of the catalyst material. The results indicate that the incorporation of GR with a-S results in a synergistic effect for the S-based photocatalysts offering more effective environmental applications.
