狭眼凤尾蕨配子体发育及其成精子囊素对水蕨配子体发育的影响

对狭眼凤尾蕨(Pteris biaurita)配子体发育特征及其外源成精子囊素对模式植物水蕨(Ceratopteris thalic-troides)在黑暗和光照条件下孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明:(1)狭眼凤尾蕨孢子深褐色,三裂缝,孢子萌发为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为水蕨型,无毛状体产生;培养发现,其配子体能产生精子器,但不产生颈卵器,当接种密度适中时,可进行无配子生殖。(2)在光照和黑暗条件下狭眼凤尾蕨成精子囊素有促进和抑制水蕨孢子萌发的作用,但效果均不显著。(3)在光照条件下,狭眼凤尾蕨成精子囊素可以延迟水蕨心脏形配子体分生组织缺刻的形成,但对其配子体形态和性别分化无明显影响;而在黑暗条件下狭眼凤尾蕨成精囊素对水蕨长条形配子体的形态发育具有一定影响,与对照组相比其顶端分生组织发达,整体呈长楔形,对性别分化影响不显著。可见,狭眼凤尾蕨和水蕨不具有同种成精子囊素系统。

同形鳞毛蕨成精子囊素系统的初步研究

研究了同形鳞毛蕨成精子囊素对该种和水蕨孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响,结果表明:同形鳞毛蕨配子体能产生成精子囊素,该成精子囊素能抑制同种孢子的萌发,抑制作用随配子体成熟度的增加而增强;同形鳞毛蕨成精子囊素还可促进同种孢子发育为雄配子体;光照条件下,同形鳞毛蕨成精子囊素对水蕨孢子萌发和配子体发育影响不大,黑暗条件下,同形鳞毛蕨成精子囊素能显著的促使水蕨孢子提早萌发,但都不影响其孢子最终萌发率和配子体的性别分化,表明同形鳞毛蕨和水蕨的成精子囊素不属于同一系统。

红盖鳞毛蕨配子体发育及其成精子囊素系统的研究

研究了光照和黑暗条件对红盖鳞毛蕨孢子萌发率的影响,同时研究了红盖鳞毛蕨成精子囊素对其孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响以及红盖鳞毛蕨成精子囊素对水蕨孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响.实验表明:①光照不是红盖鳞毛蕨孢子萌发的必要条件,但能显著促进其萌发;②在光照条件下,红盖鳞毛蕨成精子囊素可促进其孢子萌发和雄配子体发育;在黑暗条件下不能促进其孢子萌发;③红盖鳞毛蕨配子体各发育时期产生的成精子囊素对水蕨孢子萌发和配子体发育均无显著影响.

水蕨性别决定研究进展

介绍了成精子囊素、赤霉素、培养密度等环境因素对水蕨性别决定的影响以及和水蕨性别决定有关的遗传学和分子生物学研究,概述了以水蕨为材料研究植物性别决定的优势及研究意义,明确了水蕨作为研究植物性别决定的模式植物的地位。

Numerical simulation and optimization of process parameters in fineblanking process

Fineblanking process is a typical large localized plastic deformation process. Based on its forming characteristics, a numerical model is established and an elasto-plastic simulation is performed using the finite element method （FEM）. The re-meshing method is used when the severe element distortion occurs to facilitate further computation and avoid divergence. The McClintock fracture criterion is adopted to predict and determine the time and site of crack initiation and propagation. Based on this numerical model, the distribution and developing trend of the stress and strain in the shearing zone are predicted. Furthermore, the influence of several process parameters, such as punch-die clearance, edge radius of punch and die, V-ring force, counter force, etc., on the blanked quality is analyzed. The discipline is in accordance with the actual manufacture situation, which can be a guidance to optimization of process parameters.

An Intermediate Reference Datum Static Correction Technique and Its Applications

Static corrections using the conventional method are basically conducted in two steps, the weathering correction followed by the correction from the top of the sub-weathering to the unified datum. However, the conventional method fails to well deal with statics problems in case the top of the sub-weathering is sharply undulated and the lateral velocity of the sub-weathering varies significantly. This brings us to the introduction of a smooth intermediate reference datum （IRD） located under the top of the sub-weathering, which helps to further increase the accuracy of statics based on the weathering corrections, and ensures the imaging quality. Good results based on the IRD technique have been achieved in the complex areas in western China. This paper discusses the IRD functions, its application requirements, and selection of related parameters. Some typical sections for comparison are also given in this paper.

Histological and immunocytochemical study of deferens ducts in the Chinese rat snake (Zaocys dhumnades)

To investigate the relationship between structure and function of the deferens ducts in the Chinese rat snake （Zaocys dhumnades）, morphological changes within an annual cycle were observed by routine histological techniques. Also, the correlation of androgen receptor （AR）, estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and aromatase （Ar） expressions in the vas deferens and testis were studied immunohistochemically. To confh＇m that the sperm and the spherical structure existed in deferens ducts, we also used routine histological technique observed deferens ducts in the Striped-tailed rat-snake （Elaphe taeniura）, Red-banded snake （Dinodon rufozonatum）, and Tiger-spotted neck- troughed snake （Rhabdophis tigrina lateralis）. The results showed that the deferens ducts of the Chinese Rat Snake were composed of efferent duct, epididymal duct and vas deferens. Efferent duct contained sperm from August-October, and the sperm were observed in the epididymal duct from August-the following January. Throughout the year （except July） a large number of sperm were present in the vas deferens where a previously unreported spherical structure formed by spermatids was observed, which showed no significant differences in the IOD values of AR-, ER-, PR- and Ar- immunoreactivities. Since the spermatids in the spherical structure were undergoing spermatogenesis and this phenomenon also existed in the Striped-tailed rat-snake and Red-banded snake, the term, seminiferous spherule, was named for this spherical structure This study demonstrated that the testis was the main site for snake spermiogenesis, and the seminiferous spherule in vas deferens was the other Both the epididymis and vas deferens stored sperm; however, the vas deferens was the main organ for sperm storage.

Advances in Small RNAs and Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.

中国古代药材精怪故事的叙事研究

唐代以来,关于药材成精,人食用它们后成仙的记载广为流传。其中,有三类故事最具代表性:一是人参化为老人或童子,二是茯苓化为小儿,三是枸杞化为犬。“人食怪而升仙”的故事不仅揭示了植物、精怪、人、仙之间从低到高有序晋升的叙事规则,也体现了先民们渴望长生不老、飞升成仙的终极追求。相关研究将有益于展现古代民间精怪文化的知识生产过程,并推动中国故事学的理论建构。

Arginine functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and its bioactivity for gene delivery

In order to further improve the transfection efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle （HAp）, arginine functionalized hydroxyapatite （HAp/Arg） was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis. The morphology, crystallite size and zeta potential of the HAp/Arg were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and zeta potential analyzer. The loading and protecting properties of HAp/Arg to DNA were tested by electrophoresis. Its cytotoxicity was also measured in Hela cells and HAEC cells by MTT and LDH, and its transfection efficiency was examined by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The results reveal that HAp/Arg is short rod-like and nano single crystal, the mean diameter is 50-90 nm and zeta potential is 35.8 mV at pH 7.4. HAp/Arg to DNA can be condensed by electrostatic effect and protect DNA against degradation in DNase I, and shows high transfection efficiency without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HAp/Arg can be a promising alternative as a novel gene delivery system.

Chronological and Morphological Progression of Nucleus during Mouse Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization in vitro

The chronological and morphological changes of the nucleus during mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization were systematically studied. Although most oocytes went through GVBD 2-4 hrs after culture, 13.6% remained at GV stage 8 hrs after culture.TEM observation revealed that nucleoli of oocytes which failed to go through GVBD were composed of fibrillar-granular component,small vacuoles and fibrillar centers or showed small vacuoles on nuclear surface. During GVBD, the nucleoli became smaller and smaller and finally disappeared with the nuclear-associated chromatin dislocated to the periphery. Nuclear membrane with attached chromatin became folded and electronic dense cores appeared in the center of chromatin clumps at the same time.The last event of GVBD was the disruption of nuclear membrane.At the end of the 5th hr after culture, meiosis progressed to prometaphase I.Chromosomes,distributed in the original GV area free of organelles,were surrounded by large quantity of mitochondria and small SER vesicles. At the end of the 12th hr after culture,48. 1% of the oocytes emitted PB1.Decondensing sperm head and early male pronuclcus(mPN)with condensed nucleoli were found 1-2 hrs after insemination.The formation and enlargement of female PN(fPN) occurred a little earlier than that of mPN. 33.3% finished syngamy at 8-9 hrs after insemination.The process of nucleolus formation was reverse to that in GVBD. The oolemma modification caused by cortical reaction could effectively inhibit polyspermy.in contrast,there were sperm binding to the oolemma where CGs failed to be released. In addition, PB2 was emitted 2-5 hrs after insemination. The difference between PB1 and PB2 as well as the abstriction of polar body were also discussed.

Synthesis of Heat Integrated Complex Distillation Systems via Stochastic Optimization Approaches

This paper addresses the application of stochastic optimization approaches to the synthesis of heatintegrated complex distillation system, which is characterized by large-scale combinatorial feature. Conventionaland complex columns, thermally coupled (linked) side strippers and side rectifiers as well as heat integration betweenthe different columns are simultaneously considered. The problem is formulated as an MINLP (mixed-integernonlinear programming) problem. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to deal with the MINLP problemand a shortcut method is applied to evaluate all required design parameters as well as the total cost function. Twoillustrating examples are presented.

Studies on preparations and analysis of essential oil from Chinese fir

Three steam distillation devices (D-1, D-2 and D-4) or one simultaneous distillation (D-3, water-diethyl ether) as well as the process of CO2-SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction) were adopted in extraction of essential oils from Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lancedata (Lamb) Hook.) and the chemical components of the extracted essential oil were analyzed by Gas chromatograph-MS analyses. The results showed that the essential oil could be almost extracted out within 2 hours and the device-3 had the highest extraction efficiency. The major chemical component of the oil was cedrol. The yield of the extracted essential oils from Chinese fir decreased gradually with the increase of the distillation time. The best condition for extraction by means of CO2-SFE is 100 kg·cm?2 in pressure and 40°C in temperature for. Keywords Chinese fir - Essential oil - Cedrol - Supercritical fluid extraction CLC number S781.4 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was support by the Key Foundation Research Project (G1999016001) of China and the Japan International Cooperation AgencyBiography: HUANG Luo-hua (1957-), male, Research associate, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

Identification and expression of epidermal growth factor gene in mouse testis

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced primarily by Leydig cells of human testis. Expression of the EGF gene was assessed in mouse testis during the course of sexual maturation by the application of the RT-PCR method and the use of specific oligonucleotide primers. Testis EGF mRNA content increased with the developmental age of the mice, i.e., day 15 < day 30 < day 45 postnatal. The expression of the EGF gene appears to correlate with maturation of the testis and proliferation of Leydig cells.

Enabling in the Production-Oriented Approach:Theoretical Principles and Classroom Implementation

Enabling as the second phase of the Production-Oriented Approach(POA)instruction(Wen,2015),plays a vital role in determining the quality of productive performance of English language learners.To explore how to apply theoretical principles of enabling to practice,this paper interprets theoretical principles and reports the practice of the classroom implementation of enabling.The paper proposes a definition for enabling,clarifies the confusion between enabling and scaffolding,and clears up some misunderstandings about enabling.It explains three criteria for effective enabling,namely,alignment,gradualness,and variety,and elaborates on the relations among them.Based on the teaching material of Unit 7 of iEnglish,the paper demonstrates how to design and implement enabling activities under the guidance of these three criteria and evaluates the actual effectiveness of the enabling implemented in the classroom.

A Novel Type of Spermiogenesis in the Nile Catfish Chrysichthys auratus (Siluriformes: Bagridae) in Egypt, with Description of Spermatozoon Ultrastructure

Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in the Nile catfish Chrysichthys auratus are described using transmission electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis involves some unique peculiarities such as ： the development of the centriolar complex and the initial segment of the flagellum in a position directly perpendicular to the basal pole of the nucleus, as a result of absence of nuclear rotation ; lack of a cytoplasmic canal during differentiation of the spermatids into spermatozoa; the base of the basal body is not traversed by the basal plate; a basal foot anchors the basal body to the nucleus; and the presence of numerous vesicles around the midpiece and base of the flagellum. In addition, spermiogenesis includes some common features such as： chromatin compaction; formation of a medial shallow nuclear fossa; and elimination of excess cytoplasm. The mature spermatozoon has an elongate conical-shaped head with no acrosome or acrosomal vesicle, a long midpiece with numerous vesicles that continue backwards around the base of the flagellum and a long tail or flagellum, which has no lateral fins or a membranous compartment. The mitochondria lie close to the nucleus basal pole and surround the initial segment of the axoneme and are separated from the flagellum by the inner mitochondrial envelope due to disappearance of the cytoplasmic canal. The flagellum has the classical axoneme structure of a 9 ＋ 2 microtubular pattern. On the basis of the peculiar features mentioned above, it is concluded that spermiogenesis in this Nile catfish is a synapomorphic type derived from types Ⅰ and Ⅱ spermiogenesis, which are common among teleosts. Accordingly, this type could be considered as a novel type of spermiogenesis and could be termed as ＂type Ⅲ＂.

MRI of gastric carcinoma:Results of T and N-staging in an in vitro study

AIM： To determine the accuracy of 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in the evaluation of gastric wall invasion and perigastric lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS： Twenty resected gastric specimens containing 20 tumors were studied with a 1.5-T MR system using a commercial head surface coil. MR scanning was performed with a T1 weighted image （TR/TE = 500/20）, and a T2 weighted image （TR/TE = 2500/90）. MR findings were compared with pathologic findings.RESULTS： A T1-weighted image demonstrated three layers in the normal gastric wall. All of the gastric tumors were well demonstrated by lesions and location. In a MRI findings of gastric wall invasion, there was 1 case of T1, 7 of T2, 11 of T3. Pathologic results of resected specimens included 3 cases of pT1, 4 of pT2, and 12 of pT3. The accuracy of T staging with MRI was 74% （14 of 19）. MRI findings of lymph node metastasis included 6 cases of NO, 13 cases of N1. The accuracy of the N staging with MRI was 47% （9 of 19）.CONCLUSION： MRI has a high diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of the T staging of gastric cancerin vitro and thus potentially enables preoperative histopathologic staging.

Rhizoma polygonati from Mount Tai:nutritional value and usefulness as a traditional Chinese medicine,source of herbzyme,and potential remediating agent for COVID-19 and chronic and hidden hunger

Recently,traditional Chinese medicine-based treatment has succeeded in fighting coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and Rhizoma polygonati(Huangjing)has been one of the recommended components.Its processed products play antidiabetic,antiviral,antitumor,antioxidation,antifatigue,antiaging,and immune enhancement roles.The climate in Mount Tai is mild,and the dense forest is suitable for the growth of Rhizome polygonati,which has gradually evolved into a unique specie.Considering the important medicinal value and pleasant taste of Mount Tai-Rhizoma polygonati,various healthy and functional food products,controlled by quality markers with anti-COVID-19 potential,as well as emergency foods can be developed.The study aimed to review current evidence on the nutritional value of Rhizoma polygonati from Mount Tai and its usefulness as a traditional Chinese medicine,source of herbzyme,and potential remediating agent for COVID-19 and food shortage.Most recent findings regarding herbal nanomedicine have revealed that nanoscale chemical compounds are potentially efficient in drug delivery or nanozyme catalysis upon bioprocessing.Nanoflower structure is found in processed Rhizoma polygonati by self-assembly and has wide application in enzymatic events,particularly nanoscale herbzyme.The novel findings regarding Mount Tai-Rhizoma polygonati could enhance its novel applications in chronic and hidden hunger,clinical nanomedicine,and as an anti-COVID-19 agent.

Association between thrombotic risk factors and extent of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of genetic and acquired prothrombotic risk factors and their association with the extent of fibrosis and fatty infiltration in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHODS: Forty-four patients with chronic hepatitis (28 men and 16 women, with mean age of 45±11 and 49±12 years, respectively) constituted the patient population of this study. The groups were divided as follows: 15 patients with fatty liver (FL); 15 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); 14 with chronic viral hepatitis (CH) diagnosed by histology and liver technetium scan or ultrasound; and 10 healthy individuals. Thrombophilic, coagulation factors and genetic mutations were diagnosed by standard hemostatic and molecular coagulation assays.RESULTS: Activated protein C (APC) resistance and protein S were the most prevalent thrombotic risk factors (6% and 10% in NAFLD vs 21% and 14% in CH; P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively). One thrombotic risk factor was identified in 41% of patients (23% mild fibrosis, 18% severe fibrosis) and two thrombotic risk factors in 6% of patients with NAFLD and severe fibrosis. While no differences in APC ratio, lupus anticoagulant, fibrinogen, factor V Leiden,prothrombin, and MTHFR mutation were found. Protein S levels were significantly lower in NASH patients than in patients with FL alone (92±19 vs106±2, P＜0.01). Protein C levels were markedly higher in patients with NAFLD and mild or severe fibrosis as compared to the patients with CH, respectively (128±40 vs96±14, P＜0.001 or 129±36 vs 88±13, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Up to 46% of patients with NAFLD may have thrombotic risk factors, and the presence of thrombotic risk factors is correlated with the extent of hepatic fibrosis,suggesting a crucial role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.

Design of a device for precision shaping of grinding wheel macro-and micro-geometry

The selected modifications to the construction of grinding wheels were described which facilitate an increase in the material removal rate （grinding wheels with conic chamfer and grinding wheels with microdiscontinuities on the active surface）. Using these background details, a suggested thesis was put forward regarding the need to develop a device which will allow for the shaping of the macrogeometry of the grinding wheel （cylindrical and conical surfaces） and the microdiscontinuities within the dressing operation simultaneously. The device was presented and prepared in two functional variants （horizontal and vertical mounting of the motor）, then a prototype was described. An example of the grinding wheel active surface, shaped by using this device, was also presented. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification performed determine that the error of shaping the conic chamfer angle within the range of 0-1.5°, using the developed device, is approximately ±3%.