中国眼镜协会眼镜镜架及成镜专业委员会举行2023年第一次工作会

3月31日,中国眼镜协会眼镜镜架及成镜专业委员会2023年第一次工作会在上海喜来登由由大酒店举行。中国眼镜协会驻会副理事长江波、副秘书长康颖,厦门雅瑞光学有限公司总裁黄法调,厦门市眼镜协会秘书长戴雨棋以及8家副主任单位代表出席了会议。会议由厦门雅瑞光学全国渠道营销副总裁崔健主持。

薄片型高效SPPC成镜机制与晶体前（后）向光散射特性的实验研究

薄片型高效ＳＰＰＣ成镜机制与晶体前（后）向光散射特性的实验研究张治国，康瑾，朱镛，姜谦，傅盘铭（中国科学院物理研究所，北京１０００８８）张量，王皓月，汤俊雄，王庆吉（北京大学无线电系，北京１００８７１）在光折变研究领域有关自泵浦相位共轭（ＳＰＰＣ）的...

浅析醛在Tollen试验中的成镜反应条件

从醛的结构特点 ,Tollen试剂的配用 ,配离子形成条件 ,酸碱条件对氧化剂、还原剂能力的影响 ,氧化还原速度等讨论了Tollen试验的成镜条件 ,说明了成镜的最佳环境 .

Spatial interpolation method based on integrated RBF neural networks for estimating heavy metals in soil of a mountain region

A novel spatial interpolation method based on integrated radial basis function artificial neural networks （IRBFANNs） is proposed to provide accurate and stable predictions of heavy metals concentrations in soil at un- sampled sites in a mountain region. The IRBFANNs hybridize the advantages of the artificial neural networks and the neural networks integration approach. Three experimental projects under different sampling densities are carried out to study the performance of the proposed IRBFANNs-based interpolation method. This novel method is compared with six peer spatial interpolation methods based on the root mean square error and visual evaluation of the distribution maps of Mn elements. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better in accuracy and stability. Moreover, the proposed method can provide more details in the spatial distribution maps than the compared interpolation methods in the cases of sparse sampling density.

Texture of friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Theα＋βtitanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was welded by friction stir welding using a W-Re pin tool, and the defect-free weld was produced with proper welding parameters. Texture of the Ti-6Al-4V friction stir weld was studied by orientation imaging microscopy. The as-received Ti-6Al-4V sheet mill annealed was composed of elongated primary α and transformed β. A typical rolling texture was observed in the base material. The microstructure of the stir zone was significantly different from that of the base material. The stir zone was characterized by the presence of considerable amount of equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and a texture around{Ф1=30°,φ=62°,Ф2=30°}was developed during the friction stir welding.

Advances in the Theory of Conjugation for Reflecting Prisms in China

The achievements made in China in the field of the theory of conjugation for reflecting prisms are outlined which mainly includes 6 theorems, 2 corollaries, over 30 formulae, 4 matric operators, 20 characteristic parameters, a new principle for dassification, and a new system of graphical tabulation for reflecting prisms. As an approach to developing the theory, an imaginary physical model called 'rigid body's kinematics model' has been creatively initiated to simulate the real physical phenomena of both image formation and image motion for reflecting prisms. Such a method of treatment has been successfully making the evolving theory more complete, more systematic, more generalized, and unique as well.

Fabrication and Growth Mechanism of Bamboo-structured Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Thorn-Like Morphology

Bamboo-structured boron nitride （BN） nanotubes with thorn-like morphology were synthe-sized by thermal chemical reaction using amorphous boron powders and NiO nanoparticles as precursors under the flow of NH3 at 1100 oC. The structural and morphological charac-teristics of BN nanotubes were investigated by X-ray diraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the thorn-like nanostructures attaching to the stems of bamboo-structured BN nanotubes were the hexagonal BN nano akes. Based on the diffu-sion of solid B and vapor B2O2, a possible growth mechanism of these novel thorn-like BN nanotubes was primarily proposed.

MECHANISM OF MICROBAND FORMATION IN COLD ROLLED INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEEL

The mechanism of the shear band formation in the high cold rolled BCC metal is analyzed. Based on the plastic deformation theory, the shear distribution in the deformed grain is calculated by using the Taylor constraint model and the Bishop ＆ Hill maximum work principle. Results show that when the rolling direction （RD） is parallel to a certain direction of a grain, the large localized shear occurs on one slip plane, thus generating microbands in the grain because of the high localized shear strain. The angle between the RD and the shear band is about 30°. The plate-like structure of the microband is formed because of the dislocation double cross slip. The transmission electron microscope （TEM） observation of the microband in the cold rolled BCC metal confirms the formation mechanism of the microband.

Advanced endoscopic imaging in Barrett's oesophagus:A review on current practice

Over the last few years,improvements in endoscopic imaging technology have enabled identification of dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus.New techniques should exhibit high sensitivities and specificities and have good interobserver agreement.They should also be affordable and easily applicable to the community gastroenterologist.Ideally,these modalities must exhibit the capability of imaging wide areas in real time whilst enabling the endoscopist to specifically target abnormal areas.This review will specifically focus on some of the novel endoscopic imaging modalities currently available in routine practice which includes chromoendoscopy,autofluorescence imaging and narrow band imaging.

Narrow-band imaging endoscopy with and without magnification in diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia

AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of narrowband imaging(NBI) endoscopy with and without high magnification in distinguishing neoplasia from nonneoplasia colorectal lesions.METHODS:A total of 118 patients with 123 colorectal lesions examined by NBI endoscopy in the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from September 2008 to April 2010 were enrolled in this study.These lesions were classified by pit pattern and capillary pattern,and then assessed by histopathology.RESULTS:Ten lesions not meeting the diagnostic criteria were excuded,the overall diagnostic accuracy of NBI endoscopy in distinguishing neoplasia from non-neoplasia colorectal lesions was 91.2%(103/113),and that of NBI endoscopy with and without high magnification was 93.0%(40/43) and 90.0%(63/70),respectively.Both were significantly higher than that of conventional colonoscopy reported in the literature(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Besides NBI magnifying endoscopy,NBI endoscopy without magnification may also be used to distinguish neoplasia from non-neoplasia colorectal lesions.

Autofluorescence imaging and magnification endoscopy

It is well known that angiogenesis is critical in the transition from premalignant to malignant lesions.Consequently,early detection and diagnosis based on morphological changes to the microvessels are crucial.In the last few years,new imaging techniques which utilize the properties of light-tissue interaction have been developed to increase early diagnosis of gastrointestinal(GI) tract neoplasia.We analyzed several "red-flag" endoscopic techniques used to enhance visualization of the vascular pattern of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions(e.g.trimodal imaging including autofluorescence imaging,magnifying endoscopy and narrow band imaging).These new endoscopic techniques provide better visualization of mucosal microsurface structure and microvascular architecture and may enhance the diagnosis and characterization of mucosal lesions in the GI tract.In the near future,it is expected that trimodal imaging endoscopy will be practiced as a standard endoscopy technique as it is quick,safe and accurate for making a precise diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology,with an emphasis on the diagnosis of early GI tract cancers.Further large-scale randomized controlled trials comparing these modalities in different patient subpopulations are warranted before their endorsement in the routine practice of GI endoscopy.

Sedation-associated hiccups in adults undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy

AIM:To investigate whether the incidence of hiccups in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or same-day bidirectional endoscopy (EGD and colonoscopy;BDE) with sedation is different from those without sedation in terms of quantity,duration and typical onset time.METHODS:Consecutive patients scheduled for elective EGD or same-day BDE at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit or the health examination center were allocated to two groups:EGD without sedation (Group A) and BDE with sedation (Group B).The use of sedation was based on the patients' request.Anesthesiologists participated in this study by administrating sedative drugs as usual.A single experienced gastroenterologist performed both the EGD and the colonoscopic examinations for all the patients.The incidence,duration and onset time of hiccups were measured in both groups.In addition,the association between clinical variables and hiccups were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 435 patients were enrolled in the study.The incidences of hiccups in the patients with and without sedation were significantly different (20.5% and 5.1%,respectively).The use of sedation for patients undergoing endoscopy was still significantly associated with an increased risk of hiccups (adjusted odds ratio:8.79,P < 0.001) after adjustment.The incidence of hiccups in males under sedation was high (67.4%).The sedated patients who received 2 mg midazolam developed hiccups more frequently compared to those receiving 1 mg midazolam (P = 0.0028).The patients with the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were prone to develop hiccups (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION:Male patients undergoing EGD or BDE with sedation are significantly more likely to suffer from hiccups compared to those without sedation.Midazolam was significantly associated with an increased risk of hiccups.Furthermore,patients with GERD are prone to develop hiccups.

Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup

AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732).

Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for re-staging rectal cancer after radiotherapy

AIM： To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two imaging techniques, endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. And we compared EUS and MRI data with histological findings from surgical specimens. METHODS： Thirty-nine consecutive patients （51.3% Male; mean age： 68.2 ＋ 8.9 years） with histologically confirmed distal rectal cancer were examined for staging. All patients underwent EUS and MRI imaging before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS： After neoadjuvant chemoradiation, EUS and MRI correctly classified 46% （18/39） and 44% （17/39） of patients, respectively, in line with their histological T stage （P 〉 0.05）. These proportions were higher for both techniques when nodal involvement was considered： 69% （27/39） and 62% （24/39）. When patients were sorted into T and N subgroups, the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was better than MRI for patients with T0-T2 （44% vs 33%, P 〉 0.05） and NO disease （87% vs 52%, P = 0.013）. However, MRI was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging for patients with more advanced disease after radiotherapy, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION： EUS and MRI are accurate imaging techniques for staging rectal cancer, However, after neoadjuvant RT-CT, the role of both methods in the assessment of residual rectal tumors remains uncertain.

Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Uygur and Han Chinese adults in Urumqi

AIM:To investigate the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and its related risk factors in Uygur and Han Chinese adult in Urumqi,China.METHODS:A population-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in a total of 972 Uygur(684 male and 288 female) aged from 24 to 61 and 1023 Han Chinese(752 male and 271 female) aged from 23 to 63 years.All participants were recruited from the residents who visited hospital for health examination from November 2011 to May 2012.Each participant signed an informed consent and completed a GERD questionnaire(GerdQ) and a lifestyle-food frequency questionnaire survey.Participants whose Gerd Q score was ≥ 8 and met one of the following requirements would be enrolled into this research:(1) being diagnosed with erosive esophagitis(EE) or Barrett's esophagus(BE) by endoscopy;(2) negative manifestation under endoscopy(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD) with abnormal acid reflux revealed by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring;and(3) suffering from typical heartburn and regurgitation with positive result of proton pump inhibitor test.RESULTS:According to Gerd Q scoring criteria,340 cases of Uygur and 286 cases of Han Chinese were defined as GERD.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(35% vs 28%,χ2 = 11.09,P < 0.005),Gerd Q score in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(7.85 ± 3.1 vs 7.15 ± 2.9,P < 0.005),and Gerd Q total score in Uygur male was higher than in female(8.15 ± 2.8 vs 6.85 ± 2.5,P < 0.005).According to normalized methods,304(31%) cases of Uygur were diagnosed with GERD,including 89 cases of EE,185 cases of NERD and 30 cases of BE;256(25%) cases of Han Chinese were diagnosed with GERD,including 90 cases of EE,140 cases of NERD and 26 cases of BE.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(31% vs 25%,χ2 = 9.34,P < 0.005) while the incidences were higher in males of both groups than in females(26% vs 5% in Uygur,χ2 = 35.95,P < 0.005,and 19.8% vs 5.2% in Han,χ2 = 5.48,P < 0.025).GERD incidence in Uygur male was higher than in Han Chinese male(26% vs 19.8%,χ2 = 16.51,P < 0.005),and incidence of NERD in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(χ2 = 10.06,P < 0.005).Occupation(r = 0.623),gender(r = 0.839),smoking(r = 0.322),strong tea(r = 0.658),alcohol drinking(r = 0.696),meat-based diet(mainly meat)(r = 0.676) and body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.567) were linearly correlated with GERD in Uygur(r = 0.833,P = 0.000);while gender(r = 0.957),age(r = 0.016),occupation(r = 0.482),strong tea(r = 1.124),alcohol drinking(r = 0.558),meat diet(r = 0.591) and BMI(r = 0.246) were linearly correlated with GERD in Han Chinese(r = 0.786,P = 0.01).There was no significant difference between Gerd Q scoring and three normalized methods for the diagnosis of GERD.CONCLUSION:GERD is highly prevalent in adult in Urumqi,especially in Uygur.Male,civil servant,smoking,strong tea,alcohol drinking,meat diet and BMI are risk factors correlated to GERD.

New endoscopic approaches in IBD

Recent advances in endoscopic imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnostic approach of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).New,emerging endoscopic imaging techniques visualized a plethora of new mucosal details even at the cellular and subcellular level.This review offers an overview about new endoscopic techniques,including chromoendoscopy,magnification endoscopy,spectroscopy,confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy in the face of IBD.

Characteristics and geological genesis of pyrites in coal of Huainan

Using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, revealed the content of pyrite and the microscopic or sub-microscopic occurrence features of pyrite in coal of Huainan. The samples of this study are from four different mines in Huainan coal field. The results show that, in general, the coal of Huainan is low sulfur coal, but the con- tent of pyrite in Guqiao mine is relatively higher. The occurrence types of pyrite in coal mainly include： strawberry ball pyrites, massive pyrites, tuberculoid pyrite and pyrite filling in cracks or joints. After analysis based on three indicating facies parameters IAA, IS and/R, the reason for the higher level of pyrite component is that the deoxidization of swamp wa- ter is stronger, salinity is greater and the hydrodynamic is bad. The strawberry ball pyrites found in Guqiao mostly formed in the syngenesis stage. The spherical raspberry pyrites symbiotic with clay minerals was formed due to the reaction of H2S with Fe in the grid of silicate crystal.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided biliary drainage has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to percutaneous and surgical interventions for patients with biliary obstruction who had failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).EUSguided biliary drainage has become feasible due to the development of large channel curvilinear therapeutic echo-endoscopes and the use of real-time ultrasound and fluoroscopy imaging in addition to standard ERCP devices and techniques.EUS-guided biliary drainage is an attractive option because of its minimally invasive,single step procedure which provides internal biliary decompression.Multiple investigators have reported high success and low complication rates.Unfortunately,high quality prospective data are still lacking.We provide detailed review of the use of EUS for biliary drainage from the perspective of practicing endoscopists with specific focus on the technical aspects of the procedure.

Existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium and zirconium in Al-Cu-Mg alloy

In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of as-cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, as-solution and natural aged, were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is revealed that Sc and Zr are completely dissolved into the supersaturated solid solution in as-cast ingot, but grain refinement is not observed. Coffee-bean-like AI3（Sc, Zr） particles deposit during homogenization of ingot induce an increase in hardness. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are slightly coarsened in as-solution samples, but they still maintain coherent to matrix, which indicates a high thermal stability of these particles. Good coherency ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles makes some benefits for inhibiting recrystallization and reserving work-hardening.

Ultra-precision machining of reflector array for laser diode beam shaping

Ultra-precision machining is an effective approach to achieve high dimension accuracy and surface finish required in optical and laser components. An extensive study using a two-axis diamond turning machine is conducted to machine the reflector arrays used for laser diode beam shaping. To position the workpiece precisely, theoretical analysis is made so that the dimensional accuracy can be achieved. Investigations into machining burr reduction are carried out. With the process developed, reflectors with optical surface finish of 8 nm in Ra and minimized burr size of less than 0.5 μm have been achieved.