浅谈绘本对学龄前儿童成长的作用与意义

绘本作为一种外引书类,在中国起步较晚,现今中国发达城市的家长对绘本这一书类接受度相对较高,但很多欠发达城市、地区可以说对绘本并没有一个全面、理性的认识。在中国传统教育大环境下,家长们在选择学龄前儿童的书目上还是偏向传统实用类书籍,由此本人想谈谈个人对绘本这一书类对学龄前儿童成长的作用与意义。文章分别从爱与快乐、想象力与思维力和认知与审美三方面展开论述。希望家长们在传统教育大环境下由宏观角度,理性的选择对学龄前儿童成长受益终生的书籍——绘本。

当前通过型仪式在青少年成长中的作用探析

通过型仪式作为仪式的一种具体类型,既含有所有仪式共有的符号特征,又具有与青少年时期和学校德育密切联系等特性,对青少年的成长和发展具有不可忽视的意义。通过调查研究发现,当前在通过型仪式的举办、青少年参与通过型仪式的情况等方面均存在问题,直接影响通过型仪式作用的有效发挥。解决通过型仪式中存在的问题,是更好地发挥通过型仪式在青少年成长中作用的关键所在。

重视述职报告在人才成长中的作用

述职报告作为专业技术人员述职述廉的重要应用文体,对人才的选拔、培养和使用中具有重要地位和作用。专业技术人员要重视述职报告、写好述职报告,为自己充分展示工作实绩、得到公正全面评价,获得新的锻炼、成长机会,为社会作出更大贡献创造条件。

护理工作笔记在手术室护士成长中的作用

目的:探讨护理工作笔记在手术室护士成长中的作用。方法:根据护士工作年限提出相应的笔记数量要求,笔记内容、格式不限,不得抄袭。由上级护士定期检查、点评,每月进行一次笔记交流。结果:通过撰写笔记,手术室护士的专业理论考核、带教老师评价、医生评价、自我评价都有明显提高。结论:撰写护理工作笔记可以让护士主动学习、发现问题、解决问题,促进教学互长,搞好人际关系,提高职业成就感,促进手术室护士的成长。

论亲子关系在儿童人格成长中的重要作用

亲子关系影响儿童人格成长,个体在儿童时代的亲子关系将会影响他的整个人生。探讨,亲子关系对儿童人格成长的重要影响及影响的主要途径,并在此基础上提出了建立良好亲子关系的对策。

试析儿童电视节目对儿童成长的影响

改革开放以来,随着人民生活水平的提高,电视机早已成为千家万户不可或缺的电器。目前,电视已经成为我国覆盖率较高的媒体之一,我国现在儿童人口总数将近四亿,他们都将成为国家的栋梁之才,他们的未来同时也是国家未来的希望。众所周知,儿童身心发展一个很重要的因素就是他们从小所处的生长环境,而电视,作为我国家庭占有率最高的电器之一,显然是儿童最常接触也最容易接受信息的媒体形态。因此,作为伴随着电视节目成长的少年儿童,他们的生长环境与电视媒介息息相关,而由此应运而生的儿童电视节目在儿童生长环境中更是扮演了重中之重的角色。儿童在儿童电视节目中获得知识、获得快乐、开拓眼界,但同时不良的儿童电视节目也在给儿童的成长带来负面的影响,本文通过对我国儿童电视节目现状的分析,希望引发大众对儿童电视节目的关注,趋利避害,共同促进儿童身心健康发展。

“个案诊断式”课堂教学评价模式探索

"个案诊断式"课堂教学评价模式基本特征是以"改进和发展"为目的开展评价,以"协商和回应"形成评价关系,以"形成性评价"推进活动过程,以"个体内差异评价"为主的价值判断方法。"个案诊断式"课堂教学评价对教师成长具有重要作用,能使教师教育经验获得提升,提高教师反思能力和水平,使教师转变自我角色期待,改善教师教学行为。

Effects of Interaction between Density and Nitrogen Rate on Growth and Yield of No-tilling and Direct Sowing Rapeseed in Chengdu Plain

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal density and nitrogen rate of no-tilling and direct sowing rapeseeds in Chengdu plain. [Methods] Effects of in- teraction between density and nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of direct sowing rapeseed under no-tillage condition were investigated with Chuanyou 58 as materials and a split-plot experiment adopted. [Results] In Chengdu Plain, the yields of rape- seed changed from increasing to decreasing with increase of density and nitrogen rate. Both of density and nitrogen rate had significant effects on growth and yield of rapeseed and the latter overweighed in the effect. In addition, interaction of the two had negative effects on rapeseed yield. The yield of rapeseeds achieved the highest at 3 395.25 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 30.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 180.00 kg/hm^2; the theoretical maximal yield was 3 403.41 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 40.80×10^4 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 198.90 kg/hm^2. [Conclusion] In Chengdu Plain, the optimal density and nitrogen rate are 30.00×10^4-45.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and 180.00-198.90 kg/hm^2, respectively.

父亲缺席幼儿教育引发的思考

家庭教育是孩子幸福成长的摇篮，父母是孩子启蒙的引路人。德国哲学家E·弗罗姆在其《爱的艺术》中说：“父亲虽不能代表自然界，却代表着人类存在的另一极，那就是思想境界的作用，科学技术的世界，法律秩序的世界，阅历和冒险的世界等等；父亲是孩子的导师之一，他指给孩子通向世界之路”。由此可见，父亲对孩子教育的重要性不言而喻。重视父亲对孩子的培养教育，是孩子步入社会学会处理各种问题，勇于承担社会责任的重要因素。

Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted to understand the growth inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from Lantana camara L. （a globally recognized invasive alien weed） on six popular agricultural crops of Bangladesh. The test was conducted in sterilized petridishes with a photoperiod of 24 hours and an average temperature of 29℃. The effect of different concentrations ofL. camara leaf extracts were recorded and compared with control （i.e., distil water）. Result showed different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts caused significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elongation and development of lateral roots of receptor crops. Bioassays also indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts and higher concentration had the stronger inhibitory effect whereas the lower concentration showed stimulatory effect in some cases. The inhibitory effect was much pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than shoot and germination.

Foliar modifications induced by inhibition of polar transport of auxin

The effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors, 9-hydroxy-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA); 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA)on leaf pattern formation were investigated with shoots formed from cultured leaf explants of tobacco and cultured pedicel explants of Orychophragmus violaceus, and the seedlings of tobacco and Brassica chinensis. Although the effective concentration varies with the inhibitors used, all of the inhibitors induced the formation of trumpet-shaped and/or fused leaves. The frequency of trumpet-shaped leaf formation was related to the concentration of inhibitors in the medium.Histological observation of tobacco seedlings showed that there was only one main vascular bundle and several minor vascular bundles in normal leaves of the control, but there were several vascular bundles of more or less the same size in the trumpet-shaped leaves of treated ones.These results indicated that auxin polar transport played an important role on bilateral symmetry of leaf growth.

Effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.METHODS: Twenty-four nude mice were randomly divided into therapy group and control group, 12 mice in each group. Thalidomide dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) suspension was administered intraperitoneally once a day at the dose of 200 mg/kg in therapy group, and an equivalent volume of 0.5% CMC in control group. Mice were sacrificed on the 30th d, tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs were measured. CD34 and VEGF mRNA in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively and microvessel density (MVD) was counted. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and ALT and AFP were also tested.RESULTS: MVD and VEGF mRNA in therapy group were less than those in control group (31.08±16.23 vessels/HP vs 80.00±26.27 vessels/HP, 0.0538±0.0165 vs 0.7373±0.1297,respectively, P＜0.05). No statistical difference was observed in tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs.TNF-α was significantly lower in therapy group than in control group (28.64±4.64 ng/L vs42.69±6.99 ng/L, P＜0.05). No statistical difference in ALT and AFP was observed between groups.CONCLUSION: Thalidomide can significantly inhibitangiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Italso has inhibitory effects on circulating TNF-α.

Lithocholic acid induction of the FGF19 promoter in intestinal cells is mediated by PXR

To study the effect of the toxic secondary bile acid lithocholic acid （LCA） on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 （FGF19） in intestinal cells and to characterize the pregnane-X-receptor （PXR） response of the FGF19 promoter region. METHODS： The intestinal cell line LS174T was stimulated with various concentrations of chenodeoxy- cholic acid and lithocholic acid for several time points. FGF19 mRNA levels were determined with quantitative realtime RT-PCR. FGF19 deletion promoter constructs were generated and the LCA response was analzyed in reporter assays. Co-transfections with PXR and RXR were carried out to study FGF19 regulation by these factors, RESULTS： LCA and CDCA strongly up-regulate FGF19 mRNA expression in LS174T cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Using reporter gene assays with several deletion constructs we found that the LCA responsive element in the human FGF19 promoter maps to the proximal regulatory region containing two poten- tial binding sites for PXR. Overexpression of PXR and its dimerization partner retinoid X receptor （RXR） and stimulation with LCA or the potent PXR ligand rifampicin leads to a significant induction of FGF19 promoter activ- ity in intestinal cells. CONCLUSION： LCA induced feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver is likely to be regulated by PXR inducing intestinal FGF19 expression.

Establishment of a transplantation tumor model of human osteosarcoma in chick embryo

Objective: We established a transplantation tumor model of human osteosarcoma in chick embryo, studied its morphological and biological characteristics, and observed its dynamic process of angiogenesis induction so that a simple and practical model can be provided for studying osteosarcoma. Methods: Human osteosarcoma cells at different concentrations were inoculated in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos at different embryonic ages to observe the factors affecting the survival of the transplanted osteosarcoma in chick embryo, growth characteristics of the transplantation tumor, and the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of the transplantation tumor. Results: The transplantation tumor model of human osteosarcoma in chick embryo was successfully established. It was found that the transplantation tumor was easy to grow and it showed strong angiogenesis-inducing effects. Under the light microscope, the transplantation tumor showed a similar tissue structure to human osteosarcoma. Conclusion: It is feasible to establish a transplantation tumor model of human osteosarcoma in chick embryo. The model can be easily duplicated with a simple operation, which provides a useful animal model for studying osteosarcoma.

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth of gastric cancer by reducing VEGF production and angiogenesis

AIM： To investigate the effect of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） on growth of gastric cancer and its possible mechanism. METHODS： Heterotopic tumors were induced by subcutaneously injection of SGC-7901 cells in nude mice. Tumor growth was measured by calipers in two dimensions. Tumor angiogenesis was determined with tumor microvessel density （MVD） by immunohistology. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein level and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （Star3） were examined by Western blotting. VEGF mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR and VEGF release in tumor culture medium by ELISA. VEGF-induced cell proliferation was studied by MTT assay, cell migration by gelatin modified Boyden chamber （Transwell） and in vitro angiogenesis by endothelial tube formation in Matrigel. RESULTS： Intraperitoneal injection of EGCG inhibited the growth of gastric cancer by 60.4%. MVD in tumor tissues treated with EGCG was markedly reduced. EGCG treatment reduced VEGF protein level in vitro and in vivo. Secretion and mRNA expression of VEGF in tumor cells were also suppressed by EGCG in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was associated with reduced activation of Star3, but EGCG treatment did not change the total Star3 expression. EGCG also inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. CONCLUSION： EGCG inhibits the growth of gastric cancer by reducing VEGF production and angiogenesis, and is a promising candidate for anti-angiogenic treatment of gastric cancer.

Selective Synthesis of Different-Sized Gold Nanoclusters through HCI-Etching and-Growth Effect

Controllable syntheses of different-sized gold nanoclusters are of great significance for their fundamental science and practical applications. In this work, we achieve the controllable and selective syntheses of Au7 and Au13 clusters through adding HCl to the traditional Aull synthetic route at different reaction time. Time-dependent mass spectra and UV- Vis spectra were ernployed to monitor these two HCl-directed processes, and revealed the distinct roles of HCl as an etchant or a growth prornotor, respectively. Furthermore, parallel experiments on independent synthetic routes involving only non-chlorine H＋ （acetic acid） or Cl （tetraethy larnrnoniurn chloride） instead of HCl were perforrned, which illustrated the main role of H^＋-etching and Cl^ -assisted growth in HCl-directed cluster synthetic routes. We propose the HCl-etching is mainly achieved via the H＋ action to break the Au（I）-PPh3 part of clusters, while the HCl-prornoted growth is realized via the attachment of Au-Cl species to the pre-forrned clusters.

Study on the thermodynamics and the growth kinetics of synthesis of the β-SiC whiskers

The thermodynamics and the growth kinetics of synthesis of the SiC whiskers (SiC w ) from rice hulls are studied in this paper. The results show that the intimate contact of SiO 2 with C in the rice hulls resulted in the formation of SiC particle (SiC p ) at lower temperature, and the external ash of the hulls (w (SiO 2 )>98%) is the main silicon source for SiCw growth. The metallic composite catalyst increases the selectivity for SiCw growth and the reaction rate. The growth mechanism of the SiCw can be characterized as the VLS (vapour liquid solid) with the presence of the whisker forming catalyst: from SiC nucleation through enlargement and growing with the <1 1 1> crystallographic orientation in a certain diameter, then the SiC w is a complete single crystal of β SiC. The generation reaction of SiO is the rate determing step for synthesis of SiC w .

Inhibitory Effect of the Essential Oil from Hyptis suaveolens （L.） Poit on the Growth and Aflatoxins Synthesis of Aspergillus flavus

H. suaveolens （L.） Poit has been used in folk medicine revealing a wide pharmacological potential. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil from 11. suaveolens leaves in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus LM257 and synthesis of aflatoxins Bl and B2. The essential oil at 20, 40 and 80 laL/mL strongly reduced the biomass and spore germination ofA. flavus. A 100% inhibition was found at 40 μL/mL and 80μL/mL, while at 20 μL/mL the growth depressed over 50% for both tested parameters. The essential oil at all assayed concentrations totally inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 and B2. From these results, the essential oil from 11. suaveolens leaves may be considered as an alternative and effective inhibitor ofA. flavus, in addition to offer some protective effect to the production of aflatoxins.

Component changes of calcium and phosphorus in osteogenesis by lengthening procedures in adult canines

Objective: To explore chemical component changes of dog bone at different lengthening time and in different bone regions of interest, and to evaluate the mineralization during Ilizarov lengthening process. Methods: The ash weight, the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and the calcium/phosphorus ratio were measured at different intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks) since lengthening and the lengthened part was compared with a control area at each interval. Results: The ash weight, the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the lengthened area differed at all development time. The calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in the lengthened region remained significantly lower than that in the control region up to 12 weeks after the lengthening. Conclusions: These results suggest that also other inorganic ions play an important role in the mineralization process and that they become relatively more important since 8 weeks after the lengthening.