改革开放以来中国公民权利成长的历史轨迹与结构形态

公民权利成长形态是随着公民权利发展的先后顺序而呈现的公民权利成长的结构状态,是考察传统国家如何成长为公民国家的重要面向和对各国公民权利发展水平开展比较研究的重要指标。学界现有的相关研究大多基于西方经验而缺乏对中国实践的现实关注。改革开放30多年来,中国公民权利在三路并进的交叉式成长和有先有后的选择性演进中展现出参差不齐的非均衡发展格局。市场经济逻辑与国家改革逻辑的双重支配共同促成了改革开放后中国公民权利成长形态。

论西方环境刑法的发展形态及其启示

西方国家环境刑法的演进历程先后经历了三个发展形态,即启蒙形态、成长形态和完善形态。这种发展历程及其特点对中国的环境刑法具有启示和借鉴作用。

农业高新技术企业成长方式论

文章从企业成长的形态出发,论述了一般企业基于经营、组织、空间结构的常规成长方式和以核心能力、资本运作、公司加农户、多元化经营、结构变革为基础的农业高新技术企业成长路径。

Growth and maturity of Chiromantes dehaani in the Dazhi River estuary

Chiromantes dehaani, as one of the dominant species in intertidal regions of the Yangtze estuary, plays an important role in the ecosystem. To study allometry and maturity in different phases, morphological data had been collected from October in 2009 to September in 2010. Morphologic data such as carapace, cheliped and abdomen were processed by cluster and piecewise linear regression analyses. Discriminat function and logistic curves were built to determine different phases and sizes at 50% maturity, respectively. The results showed that the cheliped width in males and abdomen width in females both presented obvious allometry. The sizes of 50% morphometric maturity occurred at 16.36 mm and 18.22 mm carapace width in males and females, respectively. The life history of males could be divided into three phases while that of females only had two phases according to different growth rates. A significant change in allometry of juvenile males with a break point was detected at 11.78 mm carapace width; carapace width of juvenile and adult females overlapped in a range of 13.04 - 18.64 mm. The crabs attained 50% physiological maturity at the size of 17.50 mm and 17.20 mm for females and males, respectively. For male, the size of morphological maturity was larger than that of physiological maturity, which was opposite to that of female.

Arg-X Activity in Trypsin-like Complexes of the Nuclear Rroteins in the Suprastructures of Interphase Chromatin During Induction of Growth Morphogenesis Mature Germs of Wheat

The purpose of this study was to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics of localization of protease-sensitive sites Arg-X in non-histone and histone blocks of heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin, nuclear matrix） as possible zones affecting the conformational rearrangements of the total interphase chromatin at the induction of increasing morphogenesis of mature embryos-germs of spring and transformed from its winter wheat. Germinated embryos-germs were detached from endosperm after 24 hours from the start of soaking. Cell nuclei have been allocated from embryos-germs and cleared, and then from their heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin loosely bound with nuclear matrix and chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix, and nuclear matrix） were extracted by increasing ionic strength of solution. From isolated nuclear suprastructures, non-histone proteins were separated from histones using ion exchange chromatography. Trypsin-like complexes from non-histone proteins and histone blocks were isolated using the affinity chromatography. The Arg-X （tryptase） activity was assessed by cleavage of Arg-X bonds in the arginine-enriched protein protamine. Hypersensitivity to the Arg-X proteolysis in trypsin-like complexes detected at the level suprastructures of chromatin tightly bound with the nuclear matrix was shown. The most active changes of the nuclear proteome have occurred at the level of the non-histone proteins and the core histones （H2A ＋ H2B） （H3 ＋ H4） of induced to growth embryos-seedlings of winter wheat （compared to the initial spring form of wheat）. Perhaps hypersensitivity to the Arg-X activity of the trypsin-like complexes in the non-histone proteins and the core blocks of chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix have been entrenched during the transforming of the winter wheat from the initial spring wheat.

Controlled and reversible induction of differentiation and activation of adult human hepatocytes by a biphasic culture technique

AIM:Clinical application of human hepatocytes (HC) is hampered by the progressive loss of growth and differentiation in vitro. The object of the study was to evaluate the effect of a biphasic culture technique on expression and activation of growth factor receptors and differentiation of human adult HC. METHODS: Isolated HC were sequentially cultured in a hormone enriched differentiation medium (DM) containing nicotinamide, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and dexame-thasone or activation medium (AM) containing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). Expression, distribution and activation of the HC receptors (MET and EGFR) and the pattern of characteristic cytokeratin (CK) filaments were measured by fluorometry, confocal microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS: In the biphasic culture system, HC underwent repeated cycles of activation (characterized by expression and activation of growth factor receptors) and re-differentiation (illustrated by distribution of typical filaments CK-18 but low or absent expression of CK-19). In AM increased expression of MET and EGFR was associated with receptor translocation into the cytoplasm and induction of atypical CK-19. In DM low expression of MET and EGFR was localized on the cell membrane and CK-19 was reduced. Receptor phosphorylation required embedding of HC in collagen type I gel. CONCLUSION: Control and reversible modulation of growth factor receptor activation of mature human HC can be accomplished in vitro, when defined signals from the extracellular matrix and sequential growth stimuli are provided. The biphasic technique helps overcome dedifferentiation, which occurs during continuous stimulation by means of growth factors.

旅游系统非线性成长机制

本文首先利用系统动力学分析了旅游系统非线性成长的基本形态,发现旅游系统非线性成长基本呈现出S形成长形态,并从旅游系统内外两方面对其进行了详实分析。然后,分别从旅游系统内部旅游者与旅游目的地二元结构之间进行动态演化博弈、对异质性旅游系统之间进行系统协同演化建模两方面,分析了旅游系统非线性成长的动态机制。接着运用面板数据对整体旅游系统、国内旅游者—旅游目的地旅游系统(DTS)和入境旅游者—旅游目的地系统(ITS)进行计量回归分析。实证结果显示,除整体旅游系统外,国内旅游系统和入境旅游系统具有显著的非线性成长经济效应。