SAR IMAGE RECOGNITION BASED ON MULTI-ASPECT OF SHADOW INFORMATION

The traditional synthetic aperture radar（SAR） image recognition techniques focus on the electro magnetic （EM） scattering centers, ignoring the important role of the shadow information on the SAR image recognition. It is difficult to classify targets by the shadow information independently, because the shadow shape is dependent on the radar aspect angle, the depression angle and the resolution. Moreover, the shadow shapes of different targets are similar. When the multiple SAR images of one target from different aspects are available, the performance of the target recognition can be improved. Aimed at the problem, a multi-aspect SAR image recognition technique based on the shadow information is developed. It extracts shadow profiles from SAR images, and takes chain codes as the feature vectors of targets. Then, feature vectors on multiple aspects of the same target are combined with feature sequences, and the hidden Markov model （HMM） is applied to the feature sequences for the target recognition. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of the method.

论晏子——《〈晏子春秋〉研究》之二

晏子,姓晏名婴,是春秋时期齐国的宰相。《晏子春秋》(以下简称《晏》)是以晏婴为中心人物的古典文学名著,“是我国最早的一部短篇小说集”。《晏》中的晏子已经不是历史上的真实原理,而是艺术上典型。 (一) 晏子虽然是我国古典文学中著名的典型之一,但除过“晏子使楚”的故事广为流传外,其它关于晏子的传闻就鲜为人知了。这不能不说是一件令人遗憾的事情。在这篇文章里,我们试图从分析晏子的形象特征入手。

浅谈艺境的创造

凡是艺术,都是创造艺术形象。在诗歌、绘画等艺术中,主要是创造艺术意境。而在小说、戏剧等艺术中,主要是创造艺术典型。但是诗、画、小说、戏剧是可以互相渗透的。就是说,在诗歌、绘画作品中,也可以创造艺术典型。而在小说、戏剧中,也可以刨造艺术意境。

论先秦诸子散文的夸张艺术

先秦诸子散文就总体而言,说理论道,或直接阐述,或类比推论,或引证史实,大凡以充分的事实作为依据,除了虚妄怪诞的《庄子》散文以外,都可谓“持之有故,言之成理”的。不过,诸子们在争鸣论辩中,有时为了加强语感,表达激情,强调事理,也大量地运用夸张手法,通过言过其实的语言,使表达的内容更强烈突出,更富有感人的力量。至今的学术界,只注重《庄子》散文的夸张艺术,论文所及,尚未见到从整体上来总结诸子散文的夸张艺术成就。本文试图探讨这个问题,以补其缺。

Electrochemical synthesis of catalytic materials for energy catalysis

Electrocatalysis is a process dealing with electrochemical reactions in the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy.Precise synthesis of catalytically active nanostructures is one of the key challenges that hinder the practical application of many important energy‐related electrocatalytic reactions.Compared with conventional wet‐chemical,solid‐state and vapor deposition synthesis,electrochemical synthesis is a simple,fast,cost‐effective and precisely controllable method for the preparation of highly efficient catalytic materials.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the electrochemical synthesis of catalytic materials such as single atoms,spherical and shaped nanoparticles,nanosheets,nanowires,core‐shell nanostructures,layered nanomaterials,dendritic nanostructures,hierarchically porous nanostructures as well as composite nanostructures.Fundamental aspects of electrochemical synthesis and several main electrochemical synthesis methods are discussed.Structure‐performance correlations between electrochemically synthesized catalysts and their unique electrocatalytic properties are exemplified using selected examples.We offer the reader with a basic guide to the synthesis of highly efficient catalysts using electrochemical methods,and we propose some research challenges and future opportunities in this field.

Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of waste liquid extract from Apostichopus japonicus Selenka processing

Apostichopus japonicus Selenka is an ideal tonic food that is used traditionally in many Asian countries, and it contains many bioactive substances, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer materials. To convert waste liquid generated during production into a useful resource, extract from waste liquid was isolated by column chromatography and studied by the pyrogallol autoxidation and 1,10-phenanthroline-Fe^2＋ oxidation methods. Results show that the extract scavenged about 91% of the superoxide anion radical at a concentration of 1.4 mg/mL and 24% of the hydroxyl radical at 3.3 mg/mL. Four compounds were isolated and identified from the extract： 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine; 2,4-dihydroxy- 1,3-diazine; 3-O-β-D-quinovopranosyl-（1→2）-4-O-sodium sulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9（11）-ene313,12β,17α-triol; and 24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7-ene-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranoside. All of these compounds are known in A. japonicus, and were found in the waste liquid for the first time.

Physical Properties and Electrochemical Performance of Solid K_2FeO_4 Samples Prepared by Ex-situ and in-situ Electrochemical Methods

K2FeO4 powders were synthesized by the ex-situ and in-situ electrochemical methods, respectively, and characterized by infrared spectrum （IR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and BET. Their electrochemical performances were investigated by means of galvanostatic discharge and electrochemi-cal impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results of physical characterization showed that the two samples have simi-lar structural features, but their surface morphologies and oriented growth of the crystals are different, which results in smaller specific surface area and lower solubility of the ex-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 sample. The results of discharge experiments indicated that the ex-situ electrosythesized K2FeO4 electrode has much larger discharge ca-pacity and lower electrode polarization than the in-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 electrode. It was found from the results of EIS that lower electrochemical polarization might be responsible for the improvement on the discharge performance of the ex-situ electrosynthesized K2FeO4 electrode.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ELECTROTHERMAL ACUPUNCTURE IN TREATMENT OF 16 CASES OF VULVAR DYSTROPHY

Electrothermal acupuncture,amodification of the traditional“hot-red”puncturing technique, is generally adopted forsoftening and resolving hard mass,

Penetration behavior of electrolyte into graphite cathode in NaF-KF-LiF-AlF_(3) system with low cryolite ratios

The current study focuses on the electrolyte penetration of the graphite cathode in a NaF−KF−LiF−AlF_(3) aluminum-electrolysis system with a cryolite ratio of 1.3.It involves a comprehensive investigation of the electrolyte in the cathode before and after electrolysis by X-ray diffraction and analysis of the results by semi-quantitative calculation in MAUD.The results show that KF can promote electrolyte penetration,with higher KF contents resulting in greater penetration.During electrolyte penetration,K_(2)NaAlF_(6) and solid solutions containing KF play important roles in KF-containing systems.LiF effectively prevents the electrolyte penetration,while the Na_(3)Li_(3)Al_(2)F_(12) phase plays an essential role in systems with high LiF contents.

MODIS BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE DATA ASSIMILATION UNDER CLOUDY CONDITIONS Ⅱ: IMPACTS ON RAINSTORM FORECASTING

Satellite observations provide large amount of information of clouds and precipitation and play an important role in the forecast of heavy rainfall.However,we have not fully taken advantage of satellite observations in the data assimilation of numerical weather predictions,especially those in infrared channels. It is common to only assimilate radiances under clear-sky conditions since it is extremely difficult to simulate infrared transmittance in cloudy sky.On the basis of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System 3-dimensional variance(GRAPES-3DVar),cloud liquid water content, ice-water content and cloud cover are employed as governing variables in the assimilation system.This scheme can improve the simulation of infrared transmittance by a fast radiative transfer model for TOVS (RTTOV)and adjust the atmospheric and cloud parameters based on infrared radiance observations.In this paper,we investigate a heavy rainfall over Guangdong province on May 26,2007,which is right after the onset of a South China Sea monsoon.In this case,channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)for observing water vapor(Channel 27)and cloud top altitude(Channel 36)are selected for the assimilation.The process of heavy rainfall is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model.Our results show that the assimilated MODIS data can improve the distribution of water vapor and temperature in the first guess field and indirectly adjust the upper-level wind field.The tendency of adjustment agrees well with the satellite observations.The assimilation scheme has positive impacts on the short-range forecasting of rainstorm.

Synthesis of VIB Group Metals Silicides Dispersed Powders by Electrolysis of Halide-Oxide Melts

Study of electrochemical behavior of chromium （molybdenum, tungsten） and silicon containing melts allowed defining conditions for synthesis of silicides of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten in the form of fine powders by electrolysis of halide-oxide melts. Sequence of stages of electrosynthesis of silicides of molybdenum and tungsten was found as follows： deposition of more electroposifve metal （molybdenum or tungsten）, deposition of the second component （silicon） on the surface of metal deposited previously, and reaction diffusion of silicon into the deep of the metal-salt ＂pear＂ with the formation of silicide phases of different compositions up to the higher silicides. In contrast, during the electrodeposition of chromium silicides, one of the components （chromium） is deposited not in elemental form, but in oxide form, and the other （silicon） acts as a reducing agent for this oxide to form binary compounds. Duration of the synthesis first stage （deposition of refractory metal or of its oxide） depends on the refractory metal compound content in the system and on the cathode current density. Synthesis of silicides is possible due to retention of powders of molybdenum （tungsten） or chromium oxide at the cathode without scaling. Optimal values of concentrations ratio, current density, temperature, and duration of electrosynthesis were found. Phase composition of products were obtained, as well as their chemical and thermal stability, were studied.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(STYRENE - ETHYLENE OXIDE) DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

Well - defined diblock copolymers Of styrene (St ) and ethylene oxide (EO )have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the twocomonomers in THF. Diphenyl methyl potassium has been used as initiator. Theblock copolymers were characterized in detail by methods Of size exclusion chromatography (SEC ) , 1H - Nab, FT - IR, dynamic mechanical analysis(Daal ) and WAXD.

Surface Modification of Anionic Polyurethane with Silk Fibroin Peptide and Its Effects on the Culture of Fibroblasts

The surface modification of the anionic polyurethane(APU)film was carried out by immersing it in silk fibroin peptide(SFP)solution for 12 h and then treating with low temperature plasma glow discharge.The physical properties and moisture permeability of modified films were examined.The results showed that SFP-modified APU films had better moisture permeability than oleophilic polyurethane,as well as modified APU films kept good flexibility.Modified APU films could overcome rigid and brittle weaks of silk fibroin films.The morphology of SFP on the APU film was corpuscular aggregations.The water-contact angle measurement indicated that the change of hydrophilicity and the element chemical analysis suggested that the SFP-modified film surface was enriched with nitrogen atoms.The biocompatibility of APU films may be improved due to the change of surface components.Cell viability and proliferation of rat embryo dermal fibroblasts seeded on control films,APU films and SFP-modified APU films were evaluated by MTT assay and viable cell counts,respectively.The results indicated that the APU film modified by SFP protein showed the proliferation of fibroblasts on the film,and that the compound interface had good stability in the air.Results also showed that presoaking treatment for APU films was effective to accomplish the goal of surface modification.

Effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on the esophageal carcinoma

Objective： Radiation therapy is an important component of the multidisciplinary management of esophageal carcinoma. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy requires the precise definition of the target volume. We aimed to compare the treatment results and radiation toxicities between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3D-CRT） and conventional radiotherapy （CR） for patients with cervical and thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods： From June 2004 to December 2006, a random study was performed on 106 patients treated with 3D-CRT or CR, 53 patients in each group. The patients in CR group received conventional radiotherapy in 2.0 Gy/f, 5 f/week and total dose was 66-70 Gy in 6.5 or 7 weeks. The patients in 3D-CRT group were treated by 3D-CRT in 2.0 Gy/f, 5 f/week and total dose was 64-70 Gy in 6 weeks. The local control rates, survival rates and radiation toxicities for the two groups were investigated. Results： The 1-year and 3-year local control rates were 83.0% and 60.4% in 3D-CRT group and 64.2% （x^2 = 4.853, P = 0.028） and 32.1% （x^2 = 9.812, P = 0.002） in CR group. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 73.6% and 50.9% in 3D-CRT group and 54.7% （x^2 = 4.102, P = 0.043） and 32.1% （x^2 = 3.886, P = 0.049） in CR group. Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in radiation toxicities. Conclusien： The 1-year and 3-year local control rates and survival rates of patients with esophageal carcinoma treated by 3D-CRT is superior to CR. However, longer-term results and radiation toxicity need further study which involves more patients and prolonged follow-up.

Direct Synthesis of Amine-functionalized Mesoporous Silica for CO_2 Adsorption

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was prepared by using lauric acid and N-stearoyl-l-glutamic acid as structure directing agents via the S-N+-I- mechanism and applied to CO2 adsorption at room temperature. With γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as co-structure directing agent and due to the direct electrostatic interaction with anionic surfactant, most of the amino groups were uniformly distributed at the inner surface of pores and the per- formance was stable. The amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by digital recording balance. At the room temperature and under the atmospheric pressure, the adsorption capacity of LAA-AMS-0.2 for CO2 and N2 is 1.40 mmol·g-1 and 0.03 mmol·g-1, respectively, indicating high separation coefficient of CO2/N2.

我在小学和中学的写作经历

在新育小学3年,生活斑斓多彩,内容异常丰富。我是不喜欢念正课的。对所有的正课,我都采取对付的办法。上课时,不是玩小动作,就是不专心致志地听老师讲,脑袋里不知道在想些什么,常常走神儿;斜眼看到教室窗外四时景色的变化,春天繁花似锦,夏天绿柳成阴,秋天风卷落叶,冬天白雪皑皑。旧日有一首诗:“春天不是读书天,夏日炎炎正好眠。秋有蚊虫冬有雪,收拾书包好过年。”可以为我写照。

《晏子使楚》教学

教学目标：1.准确认读课文中的生字词,在语言环境中理解意思。2.理解晏子的＂礼＂在与楚王三次交锋中取胜的作用。3.学会通过提示语揣摩人物内心,有感情地演读课文。教学过程：一、＂礼＂字导入同学们,看老师在黑板上写一个字,（板书：礼）你能组词吗？

Thiourea Based Tweezer Anion Receptors for Selective Sensing of Fluoride Ions

Three 3,3＇-di（4-substituted-phenyl）-1,1＇-isophthaloylbis（thiourea） compounds were designed as novel neutral anion receptors, and synthesized by simple steps in good yields. The single crystal structure of receptor 1 shows that a solvent molecule was captured by the host molecule through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Moreover, it was self-assembled as a supramolecular system for the presence of abundant inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions between phenyl groups. Their application as anion receptors has been examined by UV-Vis and ^1H NMR spectroscopy, showing that they had a higher selectivity for fluoride than other halides. The host and guest formed a 1 ： 1 stoichiometry complex through hydrogen bonding interactions in the first step, then following a process of deprotonation in presence of an excess of F^- in the solvent of DMF.

Theoretical study on formation of thioesters via O-to-S acyl transfer

Peptide thioester preparation via intramolecular O-to-S acyl transfer is a recently developed method for protein chemical synthesis through Fmoc chemistry. Theoretical calculations have been carried out to study the mechanism for the formation of thioesters via O-to-S acyl transfer. It is found that the O-to-S acyl transfer occurs via an anionic stepwise mechanism in which the cleavage of the C-O bond is the rate-limiting step. The side reaction of hydrolysis also proceeds through an anionic stepwise process, and its rate-limiting step is the attack of the hydroxide ion on the carbonyl carbon. Increase of the chain length between the ester O atom and the S atom can increase the energy barrier of the O-to-S acyl transfer. On the other hand, substituents at the α-position of the ester can reduce the energy barrier.

Development of a narrow-band imaging classification to reduce the need for routine biopsies of gastric polyps

Background Most incidental gastric polyps identified during upper endoscopy are considered low-risk.However,current guidelines recommend sampling all gastric polyps for histopathologic analysis.We aimed to devise a simple narrow-band imaging(NBI)classification to reduce the need for routine biopsies of low-risk gastric polyps.Methods Pairs of NBI and white-light images were collected from 73 gastric polyps for which concurrent histopathologic diagnosis was available.A diagnostic accuracy cohort study was performed.Two blinded endoscopists independently analysed NBI features of each polyp for color,vessel pattern,surface pattern,and any combinations thereof to develop a classification scheme to differentiate low-risk polyps(fundic-gland or hyperplastic)from high-risk polyps(adenomatous or adenocarcinoma)and fundic-gland polyps(FGPs)from non-FGPs.Results An isolated lacy vessel pattern and a homogenous absence of surface pattern successfully differentiated low-risk from high-risk gastric polyps.Combining both descriptors into a single algorithm resulted in a negative predictive value(NPV)of 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):100%–100%],positive predictive value(PPV)of 13.7%(95%CI:2.6–24.8),sensitivity of 100%(95%CI:100%–100%),and specificity of 53.7%(95%CI:45.3%–62.0%)for high-risk polyps.This would reduce the number of polyps requiring biopsy by 50%,while still capturing all high-risk polyps.Regarding FGPs,using a rule not to biopsy polyps with isolated lacy vessels resulted in a 94.9%NPV(95%CI:89.2%–100%),63.2%PPV(95%CI:47.2%–79.2%),94.8%sensitivity(95%CI:89.5%–100%),and 63.6%specificity(95%CI:51.3%–76.0%)for non-FGPs.Conclusion In this derivation cohort study,NBI is helpful for differentiating between high-risk and low-risk gastric polyps,thereby reducing the need for routine sampling of low-risk polyps.These results need to be validated in a separate test population.