治疗性沟通对老年脑卒中病人自我感受负担的影响

[目的]探讨治疗性沟通对老年脑卒中病人自我感受负担(SPB)的影响。[方法]采用随机数字表法将60例存在SPB的老年脑卒中病人分夫妇为为两组各30例,对照组给予常规护理及一般性沟通,干预组在此基础上给予治疗性沟通,采用自我感受负担量表(SPBS)评价干预效果。[结果]干预后两组病人SPB总分、照护负担维度、情感负担维度得分以及SPB程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。[结论]治疗性沟通能有效减轻老年脑卒中病人的自我感受负担。

我感兴趣的一个人--一个三面人

一提起他，全班女同学总是先撇撇嘴，显出一副无可奈何的样子，接着便怒视冲冲上地望着他，最后便是诉不完的苦，告不完的状。

论卢梭的人类学原则

与将卢梭作为一位折中的思想家的印象相反,这篇论文试图重建他的人类学体系的核心。首先,讨论方法论的起点问题。第二,展开论述使自然得以在社会背景下作为一种理想运作所需的结构框架。最后,根据这种框架阐释卢梭的起源论述。这个过程使我解决了两个阐释难题,关于坏的起源的困境和人的自然孤独的问题。引入一个逻辑学上的双重概念来整合历史的和结构的要求,这个概念与卢梭思想中的自由和必然性相重叠。用这种照镜子的方式来组织我的论证,我把这项工作称作一篇随笔,因为它是在尽力思考卢梭为了写他所写的东西一定会想过什么。

Role of illness perception and self-efficacy in lifestyle modification among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle maintenance.METHODSA cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions (0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients’ illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional habits.RESULTSThe study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years (range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study participants (57.2%) did not feel they fully understood what NAFLD is. Better nutritional habits were positively predicted by the degree of illness understanding (β = 0.26; P = 0.002) and self-efficacy (β = 0.25; P = 0.003). Perceptions of more severe illness consequences were related with higher emotional representation (β = 0.55; P < 0.001), which was related with lower self-efficacy (β = -0.17; P = 0.034). The perception of treatment effectiveness was positively related with self-efficacy (β = 0.32; P < 0.001). In accordance with the correlation between self-efficacy and the perceived nutrition habits score, self-efficacy was also correlated with nutrient intake evaluated by the FFQ; negatively with saturated fat (percent of saturated fat calories from total calories) (r = -0.28, P = 0.010) and positively with fiber (r = 0.22, P = 0.047) and vitamin C intake (r = 0.34, P = 0.002). In a sub analysis of the clinical trial participants, objectively measured compliance to physical activity regimen was positively correlated with the self-efficacy level (r = 0.34, P = 0.046).CONCLUSIONSelf-efficacy and illness understanding are major determinants of lifestyle-modification among NAFLD patients. This information can assist clinicians in improving compliance with lifestyle changes among these patients.

Multi-sources information fusion algorithm in airborne detection systems

To aim at the multimode character of the data from the airplane detecting system, the paper combines Dempster- Shafer evidence theory and subjective Bayesian algorithm and makes to propose a mixed structure multimode data fusion algorithm. The algorithm adopts a prorated algorithm relate to the incertitude evaluation to convert the probability evaluation into the precognition probability in an identity frame, and ensures the adaptability of different data from different source to the mixed system. To guarantee real time fusion, a combination of time domain fusion and space domain fusion is established, this not only assure the fusion of data chain in different time of the same sensor, but also the data fusion from different sensors distributed in different platforms and the data fusion among different modes. The feasibility and practicability are approved through computer simulation.

Achieving Self-Imitation for English Intonation Learning:The Role of Corrective Feedback

Corrective feedback is crucial for pronunciation teaching.However,in current pronunciation teaching practice,the corrective feedback provided usually fails to locate pronunciation problems and inform learners of the differences between their mispronunciations and the correct form.Based on the motor theory,this study attempted to explore a new way of corrective feedback for pronunciation teaching.Specifically,the learners’ speech output was modified and then was played back to them as an input model for learning.In this way,the learners can imitate the pronunciation model of their own voices,achieving self-imitation.This study included two experiments.The first explored the viability of obtaining one’s self-perceived voice through delayed feedback paradigm.The second experiment examined the effectiveness of self-imitation for English intonation learning.Results showed that imitating the pronunciation model of one’s own voice can reduce the learners’ phonological memory load,assist critical listening and facilitate accurate phonetic realizations of the target intonation.

Gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among patients with chronic heart failure

Objectives:To identify the gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among chronic heart failure patients using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model.Methods:Two hundred and ten patients(54.0%female)with chronic heart failure participated in this cross-sectional study.Self-care,knowledge of heart failure,social support and illness perception were measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index,the questionnaire of heart failure knowledge,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,respectively.Results:Mean scores for self-care maintenance were 51.4±14.8 in men and 55.6±14.1 in women(t=-2.066,P<0.05).Associated factors of self-care maintenance were social support and self-care confidence in men and the knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women.The relationship between social support and self-care maintenance was meditated by selfcare confidence in men,whereas the relationship between knowledge of heart failure and self-care maintenance was meditated by self-care management and self-care confidence in women.Conclusions:Self-care maintenance were inadequate in both genders with chronic heart failure.Interventions for enhancing social support and self-care confidence in men patients,and strengthening knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women patients,may facilitate self-care maintenance.

Mental health is as important as physical health: The degree and influencing factors of self-perceived burden in elderly patients with essential hypertension

Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree and influencing factors of self-perceived burden in elderly patients with essential hypertension in China's Mainland. Methods:The study used the cross-sectional investigation method and the patients were recruited from six tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, China. A convenience sample of 451 elderly patients with essential hypertension was included in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed as well. Results: Results showed that the score of elderly essential hypertension patients’self-perceived burden was 27.96 ± 6.04, which was at medium degree. According to Spearman's r test the anxiety, depression and medication compliance with Self-perceived burden (SPB) of elderly hypertension patients were statistically significant (r=0.372, 0.899,0.438,P=0.000,respectively). Single factor analysis showed that the difference of patients’ gender, place of residence, monthly per capita income, marital status, whether can afford medical expenses and number of complications in SPB scores was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis also showed that anxiety, medication compliance, age and marital status were the main influencing factor of SPB of elderly hypertension patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our care workers should pay attention to the self-perceived burden of elderly patients with essential hypertension, and omnibearing, systematic nursing should be supplied to decrease the self-perceived burden of them.

A mobile self-reconfigurable robot based on modularity

A novel mobile self-reconfigurable robot is presented. This robot consists of several independent units. Each unit is composed of modular components including ultrasonic sensor, camera, communication, computation, and mobility parts, and is capable of simple self-reconfiguring to enhance its mobility by expanding itself. Several units can not only link into a train or other shapes autonomously via camera and sensors to be a united whole robot for obstacle clearing, but also disjoin to be separate units under control after missions. To achieve small overall size, compact mechanical structures are adopted in modular components design, and a miniature advanced RISC machines （ARM） based embedded controller is developed for minimal power consumption and efficient global control. The docking experiment between two units has also been implemented.

How to Conduct Emotional Education Analysis in College English Teaching

The so-called emotional education is the education of cultivating students＇ social emotion, promoting their self-control ability and promoting students to correctly cope with the relationship between themselves and surrounding environment. In college English teaching, implementing emotional education not only can teach knowledge to students, but also can help others to form perfect personality, to promote all-round development of students. However, fi＇om the present situation, in college English teaching, it generally exists ＂focusing more on knowledge and less on emotion＂ phenomenon, which doesn＇t conform to the requirement of quality education. In college English teaching, conducting emotional education is necessary and imminent.

感通本体论——《周易》人文世界的本源构成

《周易》蕴含儒家本体论建构。形而上的阴阳感通奠基于男女的身体共在,而阴阳感通可以充实为人我感通的伦理世界。本源的男女感通—形而上的阴阳感通—形而下的人我感通,这三个层级之间存在着依次扩充的关系。"感通"层层递推的扩充,构成了《周易》的"感通本体论"。

Smart elasto-magneto-electric (EME) sensors for stress monitoring of steel structures in railway infrastructures

Steel structures are widely used in railway infrastructures.Their stress state is the most important determinant of the safety of these structures.The elasto-magnetic (EM) sensor is the most promising for stress monitoring of in-service steel structures.Nevertheless,the necessity of magnetic excitation to saturation due to the use of a secondary coil for signal detection,keeps from its engineering application.In this paper,a smart elasto-magneto-electric (EME) sensor using magneto-electric (ME) sensing units to take the place of the secondary coil has been exploited for the first time.The ME sensing unit is made of ME laminated composites,which has an ultrahigh ME voltage coefficient and can measure the magnetic induction simply and precisely.Theoretical analysis and characterization experiments firstly conducted on the ME laminated composites showed that the ME sensing units can be applied in the EM sensor for improved performance in stress monitoring.A tension test of a steel bar was carried out to characterize our smart EME sensor and the results showed high accuracy and sensitivity.The present smart EME sensor is a promising tool for stress monitoring of steel structures in railway and other civil infrastructures.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value for English Learning: Mediation Effects of SelfEfficacy in Chinese EFL Context

The present study examined how students＇ intrinsic and extrinsic value promotes their foreign language proficiency via the mediation effect of self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 1,036 Chinese eighth graders answered an English proficiency test and questionnaires assessing motivational beliefs. Structural equation modelling results with bootstrapping procedures revealed that intrinsic value can directly and indirectly influence foreign language proficiency via partial mediation effect of self-efficacy while extrinsic value can only directly influence foreign language proficiency with a small magnitude. Moreover, there is no gender difference in the mediation model. Our findings suggested that intrinsic value can help students improve foreign language proficiency by improving their self-efficacy beliefs. The findings contribute to the documents of self-determination theory and hold substantive theoretical and practical implications for foreign language teachers.

A vision-centered multi-sensor fusing approach to self-localization and obstacle perception for robotic cars

Most state-of-the-art robotic cars＇ perception systems are quite different from the way a human driver understands traffic environments. First, humans assimilate information from the traffic scene mainly through visual perception, while the machine perception of traffic environments needs to fuse information from several different kinds of sensors to meet safety-critical requirements. Second, a robotic car requires nearly 100% correct perception results for its autonomous driving, while an experienced human driver works well with dynamic traffic environments, in which machine perception could easily produce noisy perception results. In this paper, we propose a vision-centered multi-sensor fusing framework for a traffic environment perception approach to autonomous driving, which fuses camera, LIDAR, and GIS information consistently via both geometrical and semantic constraints for efficient self- localization and obstacle perception. We also discuss robust machine vision algorithms that have been successfully integrated with the framework and address multiple levels of machine vision techniques, from collecting training data, efficiently processing sensor data, and extracting low-level features, to higher-level object and environment mapping. The proposed framework has been tested extensively in actual urban scenes with our self-developed robotic cars for eight years. The empirical results validate its robustness and efficiency.

SPECIAL ISSUE： SOCIAL CHANGE AND CHINESE WOMEN A Style of Flexibility： Re-cognition of the Female Self --As Exemplified in the Shuanglong Village of the Tujia Ethnic Group in Enshi

On the basis of the findings of our fieldwork in Shuanglong Village of the Tujia ethnic group in Enshi, Hubei, we find that woman is neither the subjectless existence of＂otherness＂ as traditionally regarded nor the rational subject embodying multiple survival strategies as defined by some scholars. The female self is primarily an emotional subject with the dual features of inclusion and exclusion. The significance of the female self for society lies in the fact that the inclusive aspect provides a psychological and practical basis for the integration of rural society, while the exclusive aspect creates a space for breaking through this society＇s existing norms and customs.