Vehicular beaconing plays an important role to facilitate various applications in the paradigm of Internet of Vehicles(IoV). Due to high dynamic and resource limitation in IoV, how to schedule the vehicular beacon bro...Vehicular beaconing plays an important role to facilitate various applications in the paradigm of Internet of Vehicles(IoV). Due to high dynamic and resource limitation in IoV, how to schedule the vehicular beacon broadcast is challenging, especially in dense scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the beacon broadcast scheduling problem considering the Age of Information(AoI). We first propose an algorithm minimizing the expected sum of AoI considering the limited communication resource and vehicle mobility. Then the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. With the proposed algorithm, the optimal solution can be obtained under certain conditions. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency, effectiveness and fairness of the proposed solution.展开更多
The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a compara...The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world's population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil (.5%), Russia (1.1%), India (.3%), China (.1%), and South Africa (12.2%). New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world's fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.展开更多
Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is trig- gered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracell...Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is trig- gered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing indus- tries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria's virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.展开更多
Objective: To assess the incidence, types and risk factors of military training related injuries in recruits of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces (CPAPF). Methods: A cohort study was made on the risk factors of in...Objective: To assess the incidence, types and risk factors of military training related injuries in recruits of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces (CPAPF). Methods: A cohort study was made on the risk factors of injuries in 805 male recruits during the military training from December 25, 1999 to December 25, 2000. Results: A total of 111 recruits (14%) experienced one or more injuries, and the cumulative incidence was 16.1 injuries per 100 soldiers in a year. And 77.7 % of the injuries belonged to overuse injuries of the skeletal and muscular systems, the most common type of which was stress fractures. Most injuries occurred in the 3rd month of training. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis of possible risk factors for overuse injuries were carried out, and a number of risk factors were identified: history of agricultural labor, history of lower limb injury, flatfoot and less running exercise before entry into the army. But a suitable body mass index (BMI) was a protective factor. Examination of age, body height, smoking, body flexibility and frequency of 2 mile running revealed no significant association with the injuries. Conclusions: History of agricultural labor, history of lower limb injury, flatfoot, less running exercise before entry into the army and lower BMI were risk factors of the overuse injuries. In order to decrease the incidence of overuse injuries, the young people with good physical ability and shapely body type should be selected during conscription. During the training, nutrition should be improved so as to decrease the incidence of injuries.展开更多
To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and ...To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and take full advantage of multivariate research methods to explore the complex interactions among variables and develop a basic analytical framework. First, strategic behavior should be divided into four stages, i.e., strategic assessment, strategic decision-making, strategic mobilization and strategic implementation, then the factors affecting each stage should be clarified and their interactions grasped. A preliminary framework for understanding state strategic behavior will help to promote the in-depth development of this field of research.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)China Scholarship Council (CSC)
文摘Vehicular beaconing plays an important role to facilitate various applications in the paradigm of Internet of Vehicles(IoV). Due to high dynamic and resource limitation in IoV, how to schedule the vehicular beacon broadcast is challenging, especially in dense scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the beacon broadcast scheduling problem considering the Age of Information(AoI). We first propose an algorithm minimizing the expected sum of AoI considering the limited communication resource and vehicle mobility. Then the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. With the proposed algorithm, the optimal solution can be obtained under certain conditions. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency, effectiveness and fairness of the proposed solution.
文摘The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world's population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil (.5%), Russia (1.1%), India (.3%), China (.1%), and South Africa (12.2%). New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world's fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.
文摘Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is trig- gered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing indus- tries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria's virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.
文摘Objective: To assess the incidence, types and risk factors of military training related injuries in recruits of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces (CPAPF). Methods: A cohort study was made on the risk factors of injuries in 805 male recruits during the military training from December 25, 1999 to December 25, 2000. Results: A total of 111 recruits (14%) experienced one or more injuries, and the cumulative incidence was 16.1 injuries per 100 soldiers in a year. And 77.7 % of the injuries belonged to overuse injuries of the skeletal and muscular systems, the most common type of which was stress fractures. Most injuries occurred in the 3rd month of training. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis of possible risk factors for overuse injuries were carried out, and a number of risk factors were identified: history of agricultural labor, history of lower limb injury, flatfoot and less running exercise before entry into the army. But a suitable body mass index (BMI) was a protective factor. Examination of age, body height, smoking, body flexibility and frequency of 2 mile running revealed no significant association with the injuries. Conclusions: History of agricultural labor, history of lower limb injury, flatfoot, less running exercise before entry into the army and lower BMI were risk factors of the overuse injuries. In order to decrease the incidence of overuse injuries, the young people with good physical ability and shapely body type should be selected during conscription. During the training, nutrition should be improved so as to decrease the incidence of injuries.
基金support from the National Social Science Foundation Project "Research on the Analytical Framework and Instruments of International Strategic Studies"(No.:12BZZ053)the Ministry of Education Key Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences(Center of American Studies,Fudan University) Major Project "Strategic Behavior in History:A Comparison between the U.S.and Other Countries"(No.:11JJD810017)
文摘To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and take full advantage of multivariate research methods to explore the complex interactions among variables and develop a basic analytical framework. First, strategic behavior should be divided into four stages, i.e., strategic assessment, strategic decision-making, strategic mobilization and strategic implementation, then the factors affecting each stage should be clarified and their interactions grasped. A preliminary framework for understanding state strategic behavior will help to promote the in-depth development of this field of research.