The design of housing systems is today challenged by a highly uncertain context, dominated by the rapid development of functional and technological obsolescence in inherited housing models. If flexibility is the abili...The design of housing systems is today challenged by a highly uncertain context, dominated by the rapid development of functional and technological obsolescence in inherited housing models. If flexibility is the ability of a system to be easily modified and to respond to changes in the environment timely and conveniently, it can be considered as the antidote to obsolescence or the characteristic of the system that guarantees slippage over time. Our paper focuses on the concept of flexibility as a fundamental prerequisite for residential building in order to extend its life cycle design, through strategies and constructive solutions that ensure both the convertibility of the space in response to changing usage and the use of building materials that encourage the reversibility and the long-term easy maintenance of the technological choices that have been implemented. Flexibility is examined both from a conceptual point of view, so as to obtain a clear and logical definition that is distinct from related terms, as well as from a practical point of view, by finding ways to incorporate this requirement into the designing of housing.展开更多
Research into social influence theory has been extensive and has repeatedly shown the power that influence tactics exert over individuals in an organization. Despite the extant conceptualizations of political influenc...Research into social influence theory has been extensive and has repeatedly shown the power that influence tactics exert over individuals in an organization. Despite the extant conceptualizations of political influence tactics in organizations, very little research has focused on how these tactics play out for organizations implementing more autonomous team settings, whose interactions are not proximally located close to one another. By extending social influence theory to the inclusion of media synchronicity theory, this research contributes insight into how political influence tactics may operate across a variety of media in organizations employing remote work structures. A conceptual model of remote influence tactics is developed and the implications are discussed as part of this research agenda.展开更多
Many lizard species use caudal autotomy to escape entrapment. Conspicuous coloration may increase the likelihood of being attacked, but if that attack can be directed towards the autotomous tail this may ultimately in...Many lizard species use caudal autotomy to escape entrapment. Conspicuous coloration may increase the likelihood of being attacked, but if that attack can be directed towards the autotomous tail this may ultimately increase the chances of the lizard surviving a predatory attack. We tested the hypothesis that brightly-colored tails function to divert predatory attention away from the head and body using pairs of blue-tailed and all-brown clay model lizards. Predatory bird attacks on the 24 blue-tailed models occurred sooner （P = 0.001） than attacks on the 24 all-brown models, and over 7 days blue-tailed models were attacked more often than all-brown models （P = 0.007）. Blue-tailed models were, however, more frequently attacked on the tail than other parts of the body （P 〈 0.001）, while all-brown models were more frequently attacked on the head and body （P = 0.019） which would be more likely to be fatal for a real lizard. Our results suggest that models with a blue tail were more conspicuous than all-brown models, attracting attacks sooner and more often, but that the attacks were predominantly directed at the tail. It is better for individuals to be attacked unsuccessfully many times, than successfully just once. Having a brightly-colored tail may, therefore, act as a ＇risky decoy＇. Despite increased conspicuousness, a blue tail increases the likelihood that the lizard would be able to effect escape through caudal autotomy rather than being grabbed by the head or body [Current Zoology 60 （3）： 333-337, 2014].展开更多
文摘The design of housing systems is today challenged by a highly uncertain context, dominated by the rapid development of functional and technological obsolescence in inherited housing models. If flexibility is the ability of a system to be easily modified and to respond to changes in the environment timely and conveniently, it can be considered as the antidote to obsolescence or the characteristic of the system that guarantees slippage over time. Our paper focuses on the concept of flexibility as a fundamental prerequisite for residential building in order to extend its life cycle design, through strategies and constructive solutions that ensure both the convertibility of the space in response to changing usage and the use of building materials that encourage the reversibility and the long-term easy maintenance of the technological choices that have been implemented. Flexibility is examined both from a conceptual point of view, so as to obtain a clear and logical definition that is distinct from related terms, as well as from a practical point of view, by finding ways to incorporate this requirement into the designing of housing.
文摘Research into social influence theory has been extensive and has repeatedly shown the power that influence tactics exert over individuals in an organization. Despite the extant conceptualizations of political influence tactics in organizations, very little research has focused on how these tactics play out for organizations implementing more autonomous team settings, whose interactions are not proximally located close to one another. By extending social influence theory to the inclusion of media synchronicity theory, this research contributes insight into how political influence tactics may operate across a variety of media in organizations employing remote work structures. A conceptual model of remote influence tactics is developed and the implications are discussed as part of this research agenda.
文摘Many lizard species use caudal autotomy to escape entrapment. Conspicuous coloration may increase the likelihood of being attacked, but if that attack can be directed towards the autotomous tail this may ultimately increase the chances of the lizard surviving a predatory attack. We tested the hypothesis that brightly-colored tails function to divert predatory attention away from the head and body using pairs of blue-tailed and all-brown clay model lizards. Predatory bird attacks on the 24 blue-tailed models occurred sooner （P = 0.001） than attacks on the 24 all-brown models, and over 7 days blue-tailed models were attacked more often than all-brown models （P = 0.007）. Blue-tailed models were, however, more frequently attacked on the tail than other parts of the body （P 〈 0.001）, while all-brown models were more frequently attacked on the head and body （P = 0.019） which would be more likely to be fatal for a real lizard. Our results suggest that models with a blue tail were more conspicuous than all-brown models, attracting attacks sooner and more often, but that the attacks were predominantly directed at the tail. It is better for individuals to be attacked unsuccessfully many times, than successfully just once. Having a brightly-colored tail may, therefore, act as a ＇risky decoy＇. Despite increased conspicuousness, a blue tail increases the likelihood that the lizard would be able to effect escape through caudal autotomy rather than being grabbed by the head or body [Current Zoology 60 （3）： 333-337, 2014].
