在应对环境问题的挑战面前,企业管理者必须思考和回答的核心问题是When and How——何时及如何采取何种(环境)战略决策和(环境)创新,以有效的环境战略应对企业运营过程中在解决环境问题上所面临的"创新者窘境"。基于从认知和...在应对环境问题的挑战面前,企业管理者必须思考和回答的核心问题是When and How——何时及如何采取何种(环境)战略决策和(环境)创新,以有效的环境战略应对企业运营过程中在解决环境问题上所面临的"创新者窘境"。基于从认知和行动两方面认识战略本质的考虑,对基于时间依赖属性的管理者认知和战略行动间的互动关系进行了分析,探讨了将时间作为构建认知向行动转化桥梁的机理。鉴于组织管理者在不确定条件下找准决策时机的重要性日益凸显,对企业环境战略制定、执行及变化过程的微观基础的分析,有助于解释个体行动者在不同时间认知状态下对企业环境战略产生影响的机理,推进对组织战略决策、组织创新、组织动态能力以及有关企业家创新等管理研究领域中重要议题的深入理解。展开更多
This paper develops a multi-year lag Input-Holding-Output （I-H-O） Model on education with exclusion of the idle capital to address the reasonable education structure in support of a sustainable development strategy ...This paper develops a multi-year lag Input-Holding-Output （I-H-O） Model on education with exclusion of the idle capital to address the reasonable education structure in support of a sustainable development strategy in China. First, the model considers the multiyear lag of human capital because the lag time of human capital is even longer and more important than that of fixed capital. Second, it considers the idle capital resulting from the output decline in education, for example, student decrease in primary school. The new generalized Leonitief dynamic inverse is deduced to obtain a positive solution on education when output declines as well as expands. After compiling the 2000 I-H-O table on education, the authors adopt modifications-by-step method to treat nonlinear coefficients, and calculate education scale, the requirement of human 2020. It is found that structural imbalance of human development. capital, and education expenditure from 2005 to capital is a serious problem for Chinese economic展开更多
文摘在应对环境问题的挑战面前,企业管理者必须思考和回答的核心问题是When and How——何时及如何采取何种(环境)战略决策和(环境)创新,以有效的环境战略应对企业运营过程中在解决环境问题上所面临的"创新者窘境"。基于从认知和行动两方面认识战略本质的考虑,对基于时间依赖属性的管理者认知和战略行动间的互动关系进行了分析,探讨了将时间作为构建认知向行动转化桥梁的机理。鉴于组织管理者在不确定条件下找准决策时机的重要性日益凸显,对企业环境战略制定、执行及变化过程的微观基础的分析,有助于解释个体行动者在不同时间认知状态下对企业环境战略产生影响的机理,推进对组织战略决策、组织创新、组织动态能力以及有关企业家创新等管理研究领域中重要议题的深入理解。
基金supporting by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60874119Innovation Funds of Chinese Academy of Sciences+6 种基金Research Fund for HurnanitiesSocial Sciences in colleges under Grant No. 06BJY102Key project in Jiangxi Soft Science Project under Grant No. [2006]188Jiangxi Research Fund for HumanitiesSocial Sciences in colleges under Grant No. 03J J01Henan Research Fund for HumanitiesSocial Sciences in colleges under Grant No. 2008-ZD-002
文摘This paper develops a multi-year lag Input-Holding-Output （I-H-O） Model on education with exclusion of the idle capital to address the reasonable education structure in support of a sustainable development strategy in China. First, the model considers the multiyear lag of human capital because the lag time of human capital is even longer and more important than that of fixed capital. Second, it considers the idle capital resulting from the output decline in education, for example, student decrease in primary school. The new generalized Leonitief dynamic inverse is deduced to obtain a positive solution on education when output declines as well as expands. After compiling the 2000 I-H-O table on education, the authors adopt modifications-by-step method to treat nonlinear coefficients, and calculate education scale, the requirement of human 2020. It is found that structural imbalance of human development. capital, and education expenditure from 2005 to capital is a serious problem for Chinese economic
