网络视角下城市功能耦合对房价的影响研究——以武汉市为例

厘清城市功能与房价关系对优化城市布局至关重要。基于复杂网络理论,利用武汉POI和房价数据建立城市功能与各房价梯度的网络模型,并通过多属性排序量化各功能对各区间房价的影响。结果表明:随着房价的上升,城市功能对不同房价区间的影响呈递减趋势。住宅由于与其他城市功能之间存在高度依赖关系,对房价的影响程度最为显著。此外,交通、商业、生活、科研和医疗等会因房价区间的需求而产生不同程度的影响。该研究为从网络角度探讨城市功能对房价的影响提供理论依据,并能在实践中助力决策者进行后续城市可持续发展和功能布局决策。

Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Microstructure and properties of 35 kg large aluminum alloy flywheel housing components formed by squeeze casting with local pressure compensation

The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.

Emergency Housing Solutions after Earthquakes:Innovative Technologies and Resilience Strategies

The international research project,developed through the collaboration between the University of Chieti and Pescara“G.d'Annunzio”and theÉcole Nationale d'Architecture of Marrakech,aims to explore new strategies for emergency housing,with a focus on technological innovation and the resilience of temporary shelters.The main goal of the research is to define a more efficient housing module for post-earthquake scenarios,based on the analysis of the most advanced international solutions for first-response shelters.This study has made it possible to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of existing proposals,leading to the development of a housing model capable of improving living conditions during emergency phases.The objective is to propose an innovative housing module that not only addresses immediate post-disaster needs but is also adaptable to the specific socio-cultural characteristics of the affected populations.As a result of this work,the“DIVA-Variable Dimension Emergency Shelter”project was developed.This housing model stands out for its ability to adapt to the needs of different emergency phases,offering a versatile and customizable solution that effectively addresses post-earthquake challenges while ensuring respect for cultural specificities and improving quality of life.

Industrialization,Efficiency and Social Housing:Sustainable Prefabrication for the Colombian Social and Cultural Context

This research aims to generate processes of industrialization and qualification of social housing in Colombia through prefabrication,low energy consumption and high environmental quality to reduce the current deficit and improve the quality of life in communities with fewer economic resources.Modular coordination and the use of materials with thermal behaviors,appropriate to the country’s climatic characteristics,reduce production costs,avoid waste and improve the architectural and environmental quality of social housing.Passive cooling strategies,such as controlling solar incursion and generating natural cross ventilation eliminate energy consumption and allow reaching desired standards of comfort.In a context in which traditional construction systems have still not resolved the social housing deficit in Colombia and which generate high costs for energy consumption in the search for thermal comfort,industrialized and efficient construction with high environmental quality provides solutions according to the economic,geographic,social and cultural context in Colombia.

Living in a Condominium Regime:Neighborhood Conflicts in Low-Income Housing,Tijuana,Baja California-A Secondary Publication

This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.

A Triple Nexus Water-Energy-Housing (WEH) Framework Modelling towards Improved Decision-Making in Humanitarian Operations

Given the challenges facing most humanitarian operations worldwide, a change of approach is needed to ensure greater sustainability of humanitarian settlements right from the planning stage. Some studies attribute unsustainability to inadequate provision of basic resources and highlight the apparent bottlenecks that prevent access to the meaningful data needed to plan and remedy problems. Most operations have relied on an “ad hoc ism” approach, employing parallel and disconnected data processing methods, resulting in a wide range of data being collected without subsequent prioritization to optimize interconnections that could enhance performance. There have been little efforts to study the trade-offs potentially at stake. This work proposes a new framework enabling all subsystems to operate in a single system and focusing on data processing perspective. To achieve this, this paper proposes a Triple Nexus Framework as an attempt to integrate water, energy, and housing sector data derived from a specific sub-system within the overall system in the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Understanding the synergies between water, energy, and housing, Systems Engineering characterizes the triple nexus framework and identifies opportunities for improved decision-making in processing operational data from these sectors. Two scenarios illustrate how an integrated platform could be a gateway to access meaningful operational data in the system and a starting point for modeling integrated human settlement systems. Upon execution, the model is tested for nexus megadata processing, and the optimization simulation yielded 67% satisfactory results, demonstrating that an integrated system could improve sustainability, and that capacity building in service delivery is more than beneficial.

Analysis and Evaluation of Housing Price Factors Using Mathematical Modeling

In recent years,the real estate industry has achieved significant progress,driving the development of related sectors and playing a crucial role in economic growth.However,rapid real estate market expansion has led to challenges,particularly concerning housing prices,which have drawn widespread societal attention.This article explores the theories of housing prices,analyzes factors influencing them,and conducts an empirical investigation of the impact of representative factors on ordinary residential prices.Using regression analysis and the entropy weight method,a mathematical model was developed to examine how various factors affect housing prices.

住房价格波动对居民消费行为影响作用的理论分析

住房价格波动对居民消费具有正的财富效应,也有负的挤出效应,而且这两种效应的存在与居民财富水平、收入水平以及负债水平具有高度的相关性,住房价格波动对高收入、高财富水平人群的消费具有财富效应;对于低收入、低财富人群的消费具有挤出效应,尤其是购房者产生较高的负债水平话,其具有更明显的挤出效应。因此,政府需要避免住房价格大幅波动,降低居民购房贷款的杠杆率和负债水平,避免住房价格波动长期抑制居民消费水平的合理增长。

手机Housing检包线平衡分析及优化设计

针对某电子企业手机Housing检包线目前存在的生产效率低下、劳动成本上升的问题,依据作业测定技术所获得的数据,结合Flexsim仿真技术分析检包线瓶颈,运用方法研究分别从作业方式和工站布置两个方面,对检包线进行平衡分析和优化设计,并通过Flexsim建立优化后的检包线仿真模型验证其有效性,采用新方案后,在成本降低的情况下,达到了平衡各工站负荷、提高生产效率的目的。研究表明,工业工程理论方法与仿真技术相结合,可使制造系统的改善更加有效。

Field survey of indoor thermal comfort in rural housing of northern China in heating season

This paper introduces a field measurement of an indoor thermal environment in rural housing in suburban Beijing from December 2008 to March 2009.The indoor environment parameters such as air temperature,mean radiant temperature（MRT）,airflow velocity and relative humidity are measured.A questionnaire survey of the occupants＇ thermal sensations in these surveyed houses is conducted and their daily activities and clothing conditions are recorded.The results show that the thermal neutral temperature of rural housing is 18.4 ℃,and the lower limit of acceptable temperature range can be extended to 10.9 ℃.The comfortable indoor temperature is affected by the occupants＇ clothing and lifestyle.Therefore,the indoor temperature standards of space heating for suburban housing cannot be simply duplicated from that for urban housing.Compared with occupants in suburban Beijing,it is found that the occupants in rural Hunan province feel colder at the same operative temperature due to the high relative humidity in Hunan province.

城市间房价分化的影响因素研究

面对一二三线城市房价增速的分化走势,“因城施策”逐渐成为主基调,为此需要准确识别不同城市房价分化的主要因素。本文综合使用XGBoost等机器学习方法以及SHAP值解释性方法,基于2009—2019年全国70个大中城市面板数据,测算并分析一二三线城市房价分化的主要因素。结果表明:(1)预期因素在多轮房价分化期间都起到重要驱动作用;(2)货币政策本身并不是房价分化的主要因素,但可以通过影响预期导致房价分化;(3)需求因素和供给因素本身也不是房价分化的主要因素,但也可以通过影响预期导致房价分化。有鉴于此,“因城施策”的关键在于稳定公众对房价的预期:一线城市应在控制土地成本的前提下适当增加住房供给,削弱由于供不应求所带来的房价上涨预期;二三线城市需进一步完善基础设施,提高教育、医疗和环境质量,改善居民购房需求,防范人口外流带来的房价下跌预期。

Simulation of urban affordable housing land-use evolution based on CA-MAS model

In order to simulate the evolution of affordable housing land use a dynamic model that combines cellular automata CA and a multi-agent system MAS is established.This paper aims to utilize the approach of decision factors on site selection of affordable housing through a literature review to construct a hierarchy model of those factors identifying the weight of each factor by an analytic hierarchy process AHP .Based on those weight factors the CA-MAS model is designed. Nanjing city is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the model.The results show that the CA-MAS model is pragmatic and effective in simulating evolution of affordable housing land use which also promotes the fundamental understanding and perception of the development of affordable housing and urbanization.

房价对城镇居民消费不平等的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查库(CFPS)2010—2018年数据,采用面板计量模型和中介效应模型,研究房价对城镇居民消费不平等的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明:房价会正向影响城镇居民消费不平等,运用工具变量法进行内生性检验以及其他稳健性检验后,以上结论稳健。机制检验结果表明,房价会通过家庭人均消费支出影响城镇居民消费不平等,房价对居住支出和教育文化娱乐支出的影响程度较大,进一步说明房价上升会通过影响消费结构加剧城镇居民消费不平等。异质性检验结果表明,相对于城镇中低收入、中低金融资产家庭而言,房价变动对城镇高收入、高金融资产家庭居民消费的影响更明显。为此,应稳定房价、合理引导住房支出和调整居民消费结构,以促进消费公平,缩小消费不平等。

国外“合作居住”(Co-Housing)社区开发过程解析

"合作居住"社区是20世纪60年代最早出现在丹麦的一种新型居住模式。总体上说,其开发过程可以归纳为开始阶段、编制发展计划阶段、编制设计及施工文件阶段以及建造阶段。文章将介绍"合作居住"社区开发的开发模式、主要流程、居民参与过程、建筑师的职能和开发过程中通常使用的一些关键性策略,对这些开发经验加以分析和整理,希望对中国房地产开发提供一些参考。

房价上涨是否推迟了初婚年龄?——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

“房价”与“婚姻”是大众热议的民生问题。构建婚姻决策理论模型,探讨房价对结婚率的影响,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,考察房价上涨对居民初婚年龄的影响。结果表明:房价每上涨1%,居民的平均初婚年龄增加1.108岁;房价上涨对女性初婚年龄的推迟效应大于男性,对城镇地区居民初婚年龄的推迟效应大于农村地区居民,对经济欠发达地区居民初婚年龄的推迟效应大于发达地区居民;家庭经济水平对农村地区男性的初婚年龄有显著负向影响,个体受教育程度对欠发达地区居民的初婚年龄有显著负向影响。

房价水平与生育意愿:来自家庭杠杆率非对称效应的证据?

近年来房价下降使得许多高杠杆率家庭的债务风险凸显,其对居民生育意愿的影响是一个非常重要但易被忽视的问题。基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,从房价水平的家庭杠杆率非对称效应视角研究其对居民生育意愿的影响。结果表明:高房价对居民生育意愿的财富效应不存在,收入效应与替代效应的净效应为负,表现为显著的抑制作用。家庭杠杆率是房价水平影响居民生育意愿的重要作用机制,且存在高房价“债务弹性”与低房价“债务黏性”的非对称效应。房价水平对居民生育意愿的抑制作用在低收入、住房条件差等弱势群体中表现得更显著,成本压力效应更明显。

中心城市科技创新能促进城市群协调发展吗?——兼论收入房价比的调节作用

利用2007—2019年127个地级市的数据,系统检验了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的影响机制,并讨论了收入房价比对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:第一,中心城市科技创新水平的提高不仅显著促进了城市群协调发展,还加快了外围城市经济增长收敛,并在不同地区和不同发展阶段的城市群表现出明显的异质性。第二,中心城市科技创新通过深化产业分工促进城市群协调发展。第三,收入房价比能够调节中心城市科技创新与城市群协调发展之间的关系,但调节效果存在区域异质性,仅在中部地区显著增强了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的促进作用,对东部和西部地区没有明显的调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了中心城市科技创新影响城市群协调发展的理论研究,且在提高收入房价比方面提供了政策启示。

数字普惠金融与房价β收敛:作用机制及影响效果

采用2011—2020年中国286个地级市的面板数据,就数字普惠金融对房价β收敛的作用机制与影响效果进行了实证研究。结果发现:以286个地级市为样本的中国城市房价不存在β绝对收敛但存在稳定的β条件收敛,平均收敛速度为0.300%。基准回归和稳健性检验表明数字普惠金融的发展能显著地提高房价的收敛速度,具体而言数字普惠金融总指数每提高1%,房价的条件收敛速度会加快0.040%。与此同时,机制检验和异质性检验发现数字普惠金融对房价收敛的影响还具有显著的内部差异、区域差异和时段差异。

房价预期对经济波动影响——基于动态随机一般均衡模型的分析

从预期视角探究房价预期因素对经济波动的影响,构建包含房价预期的动态随机一般均衡模型,考察了单期和连续的正向房价预期冲击对经济变量的影响,分析了预期冲击下限购和限贷政策的调控效果。研究结果表明:房价单期预期冲击对经济波动产生的影响大于未预期房价冲击,并且居民预期形成越早,或居民房价看涨预期持续时间越长,经济波动会越剧烈;当居民持有看涨预期时,限贷政策在削弱经济波动的同时能遏制房价上涨,而限购政策失效。政府部门应当建立居民房价预期监测体系,将预期管理引入房价调控政策体系,有助于增强我国经济增长的平稳性和持续性。