经脉络膜裂房部至四叠体池的显微解剖

目的研究经脉络膜裂房部至四叠体池的解剖特点,为经脉络膜裂入路治疗四叠体池周围区域病变提供解剖学依据。方法经10%甲醛固定的完整成人湿性尸头标本10例(20侧),观察脉络膜裂房部的神经血管结构,显微镜下模拟经脉络膜裂房部到四叠体池手术入路。结果脉络膜裂房部是位于侧脑室房部内侧壁穹窿伞和丘脑枕之间的一条自然裂隙,其后缘为丘脑枕处,此处到侧脑室三角区后缘的距离为(15.9±3.3)mm,到中线的垂直距离为(21.6±2.8)mm,距室间孔后缘的脉络膜裂起点的裂长度为(31.4±3.5)mm。经此裂隙可进入四叠体池,池的前壁内侧为松果体和四叠体,脉络膜裂房部后缘到松果体的距离为(10.8±2.1)mm。脉络膜后外动脉通过脉络膜裂进入侧脑室,分布于颞角后部、房部、体部后部的脉络丛,脉络膜后内动脉经四叠体池进入三脑室顶壁,分布于中间帆内的脉络丛。房内侧静脉为位于侧脑室房部和枕角内侧壁呈放射状向脉络膜裂汇聚的一组静脉,经穹窿内侧到达四叠体池,汇入大脑内静脉或大脑大静脉。模拟经脉络膜裂房部的手术入路,可显露的范围包括四叠体池和同侧环池的后部,对池内走行的大脑后动脉(P2和P3)、基底静脉等众多血管结构显露良好,分离这些血管可以显露位置较深的松果体,而对上下丘显露十分困难。结论脉络膜裂房部及四叠体池周围神经血管结构复杂,熟悉其解剖特点十分重要,经脉络膜裂入路为治疗四叠体池周围区域病变提供了一条良好的路径。

经后纵裂大脑镰对侧楔前叶入路切除侧脑室房部脑膜瘤疗效分析

目的探讨经后纵裂大脑镰对侧楔前叶入路切除侧脑室房部脑膜瘤的安全性及有效性。方法深圳市人民医院神经外科自2015年8月至2017年2月经后纵裂大脑镰对侧楔前叶入路切除侧脑室房部脑膜瘤4例，其中左侧2例，右侧2例；肿瘤直径2～4cm。回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效。结果本组脑膜瘤术中均全切，均为Simpson分级I级。术后病理显示纤维型3例，混合型1例。术后视野无受损，无感觉性失语等手术相关并发症。术前头晕的1例患者，术后完全缓解：术前癫痫的1例患者，术后癫痫消失，抗癫痫治疗半年后未复发。门诊随访2～18个月，4例患者均无复发，无新发症状。结论经后纵裂大脑镰对侧楔前叶入路可以安全有效地切除侧脑室房部直径2-4cm的脑膜瘤。

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

Atrial fibrosis： an obligatory component of arrhythmia mechanisms in atrial fibrillation？

Advances in clinical and fimdamental research, which have been promoted over last decades have led to a well- established understanding of atrial fibrillation （AF） as an epiphenomenon that despite similar manifestations may have different underlying mechanisms and thus require in- dividualized treatments. With rare exceptions of AF caused by mutations in genes coding ion channels in pa- tients with structurally normal atria, fibrotic replacement of atrial myocardium remains the comer stone of atrial pa- thology in patients with AF.

Power-Effective in the Cell Sectorization Using Wide-Beam and Narrow-Beam for Multi-hop Relay Network

Multi-hop relay is a significant topic in the wireless communication and it is provisioned in the 802.16j standards.At present,the major research on multi-hop relay is focused on the capacity,coverage,coordination,throughput,etc.But in this paper,a new concept about power-effective was discussed.Then,two power-effective coverage extension methods using two sectorized cellular approaches were introduced,i.e.,the widebeam three sector cell(WBTC) and the narrow-beam three sector cell(NBTC).Under such topologies,the consumption of power and optimal numbers of base stations(BSs) and relay stations(RSs) with respect to various user traffic densities were investigated.Finally,it is found that the performance of WBTC is better than NBTC.

Experimental Study on Roof Structure Characteristics and Its Failure Pattern in Coal Roadway

Based on the investigation and statistics of logs of 211 bole holes and strata data from 79 roadways in 13 coal mines located in Xishan, Jincheng, Lu’an, Fenxi, and Huozhou in China, the roadways’ roof structures were classified as multi-thin-layer, thin-thick combined layer, integrated thick layer, thick-coal layer, and cracked layer according to the geometric features and spatial strength distribution of surrounding rock. Then eight sub-categories were defined as different situations. And seven simulation modeling tests were carried out. The strata structures of these models were different from each other. At last, the relationship between roof structure and its failure pattern was discussed.

Olfactory ensheathing cells promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after facial nerve defects

Olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa have been tbund to increase axonal sprouting and pathfinding and promote the recovery of vibrissae motor performance in facial nerve transection injured rats. However, it is not yet clear whether olfactory ensheathing cells promote the reparation of facial nerve defects in rats. In this study, a collagen sponge and silicone tube neural conduit was implanted into the 6-mm defect of the buccal branch of the facial nerve in adult rats. Olfactory ensheathing cells isolated from the olfactory bulb of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were injected into the neural conduits connecting the ends of tile broken nerves, the morphology and function of the regenerated nerves were compared between the rats implanted with olfactory ensheathing cells with the rats injected with saline. Facial paralysis was assessed. Nerve electrography was used to measure facial nerve-induced action potentials. Visual inspection, anatomical microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to assess the histomorphology around the trans planted neural conduit and the morphology of the regenerated nerve. Using fluorogold retrograde tracing, toluidine blue staining and lead uranyl acetate staining, we also measured the number of neurons in the anterior exterior lateral f：acial nerve motor nucleus, the number of myelinated nerve fibers, and nerve fiber diameter and myelin sheath thickness, respectively. After surgery, olfactory ensheathing cells de- creased facial paralysis and the latency of the facial nerve-induced action potentials. There were no differences in the general morphology of the regenerating nerves between the rats implanted with olfactory ensheathing cells and the rats injected with saline. Between-group results showed that olfactory ensheathing cell treatment increased the number of regenerated neurons, improved nerve fiber morphology, and increased the number of myelinated nerve fibers, nerve fiber diameter, and myelin sheath thickness. In conclusion, implantation of olfactory ensheathing cells can promote regeneration and functional recovery after facial nerve damage in rats.

Housing pattern and food habit of the Mro-tribe community in Bang-ladesh: A forest dependence perspective

An exploratory study was conducted on the housing pattern and food habit of the Mro tribe in Bandarban region, Bangladesh, highlighting their indigenous knowledge. The study was carried out with respect to three income groups. A total of 36 households (12 from each income groups) were assessed using different participatory appraisals through semi-structured questionnaires. A special type of indigenous knowledge on housing pattern and food habit was explored in the Mro community, which correspond to the severe dependence on forest resources.

Radiofrequency ablation of the connections between two atriums in dogs

Objective:To observetheelectrophysiologicalchangesafterblockageof theconnectionsbetweentwo atriumsin dogs.Methods :Theatrialeffectiverefractoryperiods,itsdispersionsandtheconductivetimesbetween atriumsweremeasuredandcomparedbeforeandaftertheinteratrialblockagein tendogs.Results:The atrial effectiverefractoryperiodsand its dispersionsnonsignificantlychanged,but its conductivetimessignificantly prolonged(P<0.01),P wavedurationin electrocardiogramalsoprolonged(P<0.05).Conclusion:Atrialactivation patterncouldbecomechangeby theblockageof theconnectionsof atriumsand theprolongedP wave duration mightbe regardedas a surrogateto indicatesuccessfulblockage.

Wellhead anti-frost technology using deep mine geothermal energy

The auxiliary shaft is an important location for coal mine heating in the winter, where the main purpose of heating is to prevent icing of the shaft. Wellhead heating requires characteristics of openness, no-noise and big heat loads. The original coal-fired boiler heating mode causes significant waste of energy and environmental pollution due to the low efficiency of the heat exchange. Therefore, to solve these prob- lems, we will use deep mine geothermal energy to heat the wellhead by making full use of its negative pressure field and design a low-temperature water and fan-free heating system. Through numerical cal- culations we will simulate temperature fields, pressure fields and velocity fields under different air sup- ply temperatures, as well as different air supply outlet locations and varying number of radiators in the wellhead room of a new auxiliary shaft to find the proper layout and number of radiators that meet well- head anti-frost requirements from our simulation results, in order to provide guidelines for a practical engineering design. Tests on the Zhangshuanglou auxiliary shaft wellhead shows good, look promising and appear to resolve successfully the problem of high energy consumption and high pollution of well- head heating by a coal-fired boiler.

Application of coal mine roof rating in Chinese coal mines

The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) is a measure of roof quality or structure competency for bedded roof types typically of underground coal mines. The CMRR has been used widely in the US, South Africa,Canada and Australia. In order to investigate the application of the CMRR system in Chinese coal mines,two coal mines in China located in Panjiang Coal Field in Guizhou Province were investigated. Field data were collected which is required to calculate the CMRR value based on underground exposure. The CMRR values of 11 locations in two coal mines were calculated. The investigations demonstrated that the chance of mine roof failure is very low if the CMRR value is more than 50, given adequate support is installed in mine. It was found that the CMRR guideline are useful to preliminarily investigate stability in Panjiang Coal Field mines.

Analyses of Incidents of Institutional Food Service Practice Management for One Year in the Kitchen of a General Hospital, Chubu Region, Japan

This study aimed to assess the incidence of institutional food service practice management errors in the kitchen of a general hospital, Chubu region, Japan. Clarifying the cause of incidents of institutional food service operation can reduce institutional food service practice management errors. This is the first study to analyze incidents at a general hospital kitchen in Japan in English. Data were collected from incident reports over the course of one year, between October 1, 2011 and November 30, 2012. Forty two reports of incidents whose locations were the kitchen were analyzed, for example, incident dates, incident times, workloads, incident contents, incident causes, accident levels, and the presence or absence of negligence. The frequency of incidents for months, for each third of month, for day of week, for time of day, for workload levels of staff member, and for types of incidents were analyzed using chi-square test following Ryan multiple comparison. The incidents were more likely to occur at the start of the business year, during the 11：00 to 12：59 time blocks, and when staffs were busy. Breakdown of incident contents of＂foreign contamination （hair）＂ was 10 reports （24%）. To prevent incidents, new staff should also be trained to acquire skills to avoid making errors during food preparation, ensuring that there is a clear route for communicating changes in the number of hospitalized patients, and building a system that allows for changes to be made to the number of meals to be served and the content of those meals in an accurate and prompt fashion. Furthermore, work uniform should be changed promptly as such contamination can reportedly be improved by having workers wear a work cap.

Analysis of 6 Cases of Stromal Sarcoma of the Breast

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of stromal sarcoma of the breast （SSB）. Methods： The clinical and pathological data of 6 patients with SSB treated between 1954 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS The clinical and pathological data of 6 patients with SSB treated between 1954 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS All patients were female and one was menopausal. The median age of the patients was 39 years old （range, 20-55）. All cases had a history of a palpable mass. The tumor rapidly augmented in a short time period in 3 patients. One patient had discontinuous pain and 3 patients had masses located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. The median tumor radius was 6.0 cm （range, 3-15 cm）. According to the AJCC breast cancer staging standard （6th edition）, 1 case was of stage ⅡA, 2 cases were of stage ⅡB, 2 cases were of stage ⅢB and one case couldn＇t be staged. Four patients were initially treated by excising the tumor and then undergoing mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy after recurrence. Radical mastectomy was suitable for those with pectoralis major muscle involvement. Two patients received simple mastectom）~ 2 patients underwent radical mastectomy and another 2 patients received modified radical mastectomy. After surgery, all patients were identified as SSB through pathology, with focal ossification in one case and mucinous degeneration in another one case. Four patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection did not have lymph node metastases. Three patients received chemotherapy after surgery. After a median follow-up time of 36.5 months （8-204 months）, 4 patients had recurrence after local excision and 3 patients had recurrence more than 2 times with a median time to recurrence of 2.5 months （1 to 4 months） after surgery. One patient had lung metastases at 7 months after the initial surgery and the other 5 patients were alive without disease at the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSION SSB is difficult to diagnose preoperatively and is characterized by its tendency to .recur locally. To obtain negative margins, wide local excision or mastectomy must be performed. Axillary lymph node dissection is not mandatory. The roles of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have still been controversial.

Rethinking Iranian Urban Housing -- A Review on the Housing Attributes under the Current Development of Tehran

Housing in the private sector in the metropolitan of Tehran in the past decades has been very much tied to the economical considerations, The current urban and building standards and regulations are believed to have very much contributed to the undermining the many social, environmental and visual potentials of the neighborhoods and to what we face today as congested apartment atmosphere where and the monotonous character of most of the neighborhoods as a result of the very same plans and regulations applied to their development namely the setbacks, land coverage ratios and floor to land area ratios with no regard to the very different characters many of these neighborhoods once had, either traditional and long-established or scenic and natural. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the current state and trend of urban housing in Tehran and search for practical measures to improve the environment and character of urban housing in the city.

Baseband Design for 5G UDN Base Stations:Methods and Implementation

Baseband design and implementation for micro/pico base stations （mBS） in 5G ultra-dense network （UDN） is studied. Low cost is an essential requirement for mBS baseband in UDN. Digital baseband cost of ASIC/ASIP （Application Specific Integrated Circuit / Instruction-set processor） is of the most uncertainty in roBS system. However. the actual costs and hardware feasibility of the baseband are yet unknown to network deployers and researchers. In this paper, we studied the baseband hardware system design and implementation for low-cost roBS. We analyzed popular baseband algorithms and architectures for both full-digital and hybrid beamforming （BF） for UDN. We then proposed feasible chip-level solutions for the baseband with up to 128-antenna BS system, and estimated their implementation cost. Results show that among lull-digital BF algorithms, zero-forcing is a choice of high performance and low cost; for hybrid BF, 4×32 architecture （32 RF chains） provides good reduction in baseband cost with acceptable performance loss, thus it can be a preferable solution under low cost consider- ation. The proposed system planning method can also be used for the design of other related systems.

Effect of Hue Citadel on the Layout of Traditional Garden Houses Located in Its Area, Vietnam

In Hue, the city located in the middle region of Vietnam, the Citadel is known as the place of the last Dynasty in the history of Vietnam, Nguyen （1802-1945）. Whereas Nguyen Kings lived in the Purple Forbidden City （the third wall of the Citadel）, other members of royal families and high-ranking mandarins lived in Hue Traditional Garden Houses （HTGHs） constructed around and in the Citadel area. This paper is a part of the research that focuses on an approach for sustainable live conservation and application of HTGHs into contemporary use. In this paper, the study aims to consider effects of the Citadel on the layout and arrangement of HTGHs located in its＇ area by studying alteration in layout elements of those house. Based on field surveys of 91 HTGHs in the Citadel area, it is found that although those houses are altered into various configurations under the impacts of urbanization and modernization, several important traditional elements in layout such as Binh Phong （masonry screen）, Be Can （basin）, and facing orientation have been maintained, and their layouts reflect a miniature image of Hue Citadel, i.e., there is an integral relationship between the Citadel and HTGHs located in it. This relationship plays an important role for expressing one of unique characteristics of Hue cultural asset, which is unavailable in other regions of Vietnam.

Effect of simulated ischemia-reperfusion on I_f in sinoatrial node cells and the intervention of KATP channel opener

Objective: To study the effect of simulated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) on If of sinoatrial node (SAN) cells and the intervention of KATP channel opener Pinacidil. Methods: The SAN cells of the neonatal rats were detached and purified 2 d before the experiment. The experimental animals were randomly divided into the control group, group of simulated I/R, group intervened with KATP channel opener Pinacidil (P+ I/R) and group intervened with KATP channel blocking agent 5-HD (5-HD + P + I/R & 5-HD + I/R). The If density of each group was measured by technique of routine whole cell patch clamp and multiple-catheter perfusion system and the If activated curve in each group was drawn. Results: ①Under different directive potentials, the If density of the SAN cells in I/R group increased significantly, compared with that in the control group ( P < 0.01); that in P + I/R group decreased significantly, compared with that in I/R group ( P < 0.01); the If density values in 5-HD + P + I/R group and 5-HD + I/R group increased significantly, compared with that in P + I/R group, but showed no significant difference with that in I/R group. ②Compared with that in the control group, the If activated curve of the SAN cells moved rightwards under ultimate activating potential, half of which was from - 108.0 ± 12.4 to - 89.5 ± 7.2 mV ( P <0.01); compared with that in I/R group, If activated curve of the SAN cells moved leftwards under ultimate activating potential, half of which was the range from -99.5± 10.8 mV (P<0.05); KATP channel blocking agent 5-HD could block the effect of Pinacdil on If activated curve. Conclusion: KATP channel opener Pinacidil can antagonize the effect of simulated I/R on the If of SAN cells, which may be beneficial to the maintenance of the relative stability of ion steady state and electrophysiological activities under condition of simulated I/R.

Survey on physicians' opinions of post-mastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer in Guangdong province

Objective:The aim of our study was to comprehensively access current status of radiotherapy physicians' opinions in post-mastectomy radiotherapy(PMRT) for breast cancer in Guangdong province.Methods:From June 2007 to June 2008,questionnaires on the clinical value,sequencing with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy,indications and irradiated targets for PMRT were sent to physicians of all radiotherapy departments registering at Radiotherapy Professional Committee of Guangdong Anti-cancer Association.Results:There were 126 physicians joining this investigation.Proportions of physicians who accepted the views that PMRT could merely improve local control or can improve both local control and overall survival were 100% and 25.2%.The most common sequences of PMRT and chemotherapy or endocrine therapy were "sandwich" and sequential modes,performed 46.9% and 59.5% respectively.The median interval of surgery and PMRT was 8 weeks.Proportions of physicians who accepted T3-4 diseases,or four or more axillary lymph nodes metastasis,or T1-2 with 1-3 positive lymph nodes,or T1-2N0 with primary tumor located in the center or inner quadrant as the indications of PMRT were 97.6%,100%,46.8%,13.5%,respectively.Proportions of physicians who accepted chest wall,supraclavicular region,internal mammary chain or axilla as irradiated targets were 86.5%,100%,49.2% and 38.9% respectively.Conclusion:For Radiotherapy physicians of Guangdong Province,there is still lacking of consensus in the opinions of whether PMRT can improve survival,and optimal sequencing with chemotherapy or endocrine therapy,and how to make decision for patients with T1-2 with 1-3 positive lymph nodes,and rational irradiated targets,which requires advanced professional training for physicians and further prospective clinical trial evidences to guide clinical practice.

Talking about Treasury Management of College Textbooks

The college textbooks Treasury management is an important part of the whole teaching management. It is not only to thousands of materials properly stored reserves, but also in the warehouse operation planning, strengthen treasury management is important to ensure the stability of school teaching order.

Effects of white noise on procedural pain-related cortical response and pain score in neonates:A randomized controlled trial

Objectives To evaluate the effects of white noise on pain-related cortical response,pain score,and behavioral and physiological parameters in neonates with procedural pain.Methods A double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted.Sixty-six neonates from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a university-affiliated general hospital were randomly assigned to listen to white noise at 50 dB(experimental group)or 0 dB(control group)2 min before radial artery blood sampling and continued until 5 min after needle withdrawal.Pain-related cortical response was measured by regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rScO_(2))monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy,and facial expressions and physiological parameters were recorded by two video cameras.Two assessors scored the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised(PIPP-R)independently when viewing the videos.Primary outcomes were pain score and rScO_(2)during arterial puncture and 5 min after needle withdrawal.Secondary outcomes were pulse oximetric oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))and heart rate(HR)during arterial puncture,and duration of painful expressions.The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2200055571).Results Sixty neonates(experimental group,n=29;control group,n=31)were included in the final analysis.The maximum PIPP-R score in the experimental and control groups was 12.00(9.50,13.00),12.50(10.50,13.75),respectively(median difference−0.5,95%CI−2.0 to 0.5),and minimum rScO_(2)was(61.22±3.07)%,(61.32±2.79)%,respectively(mean difference−0.325,95%CI−1.382 to 0.732),without significant differences.During arterial puncture,the mean rScO_(2),HR,and SpO_(2)did not differ between groups.After needle withdrawal,the trends for rScO_(2),PIPP-R score,and facial expression returning to baseline were different between the two groups without statistical significance.Conclusion The white noise intervention did not show beneficial effects on pain-related cortical response as well as pain score,behavioral and physiological parameters in neonates with procedural pain.