基于纳米光子学的手性检测与表征技术(特邀)

作为生物体的本质属性,物质的手性表征在生理学和药理学领域有着重要的意义。当电磁波与手性材料作用时,会出现旋光效应、圆二色性和手性光力等特殊的光学活性现象,并成为材料手性检测的强大工具。由于手性分子的结构远小于激发光的波长,因此分子自身的手性光学效应通常很弱,极大限制了检测技术的精度。近年来,纳米光子技术的进步有望增强纳米尺度下光与物质之间原本很弱的手性光学效应,使得手性的高灵敏度、高分辨率检测成为可能。回顾了手性光学的发展及其在生物分子检测等方面的应用,讨论了基于等离子耦合圆二色性和超手性近场在圆二色性增强方面的策略,介绍了基于横向手性光力的物质构型分选和基于结构光场光力效应的手性结构表征方法,并对该领域未来进一步的发展进行了展望。

手性超构表面研究进展及应用

光学手性超构表面是由亚波长尺度单元所组成的平面或准平面光子器件。其结合了新的物理光学原理和前沿纳米制备技术,可产生极强的光学手性,在光学手性传感、手性粒子分离及手性调控等方面有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了手性超构表面的基本原理,从金属材料和介电材料的角度分类总结了手性超构表面的国内外研究进展,重点关注其圆二色性响应和近场手性响应,并介绍了手性超构表面的应用方向。

手性金纳米粒子及其在生物医学光子学领域的应用进展

手性是自然界的基本属性之一,在生物体功能实现中起着至关重要的作用.虽然手性对映异构体具有相似的结构和理化性质,但其手性信号和功能却完全不同,因此,研究手性在生物医学光子学领域的作用具有重要的科学意义和实用价值.此前,大多数关于手性的研究都集中在有机分子手性材料中,蛋白质、糖和合成手性分子等分子水平上的手性得到了深入研究.随着纳米技术的发展,人们对手性的研究从分子尺度拓展到了纳米尺度,然而手性与手性信号在纳米尺度下的形成机制和表现出的各种现象仍不明确.近年来,研究者利用自组装法、化学合成法等,通过改变纳米粒子的组成、结构、形貌等,合成了多种手性纳米粒子.这些手性纳米粒子在光学、电子学以及生物医学光子学等领域展现出独特的性质和应用价值.金纳米粒子以其光学特性稳定、等离子共振峰位易调谐、生物相容性好等特性被广泛应用于生物医学光子学领域的研究中.将手性引入金纳米粒子,使其具有与生命体类似的手性性质,对于深入理解生命活动中的手性现象,并提升其应用性能具有非常重要的意义.因此,手性金纳米粒子的合成及其在生物医学光子学领域的应用成为近年来的研究热点.本文介绍了近年来手性金纳米粒子的合成及其在生物医学光子学领域的应用进展.首先,详细介绍了手性金纳米粒子的手性起源,包括结构手性、配体诱导手性以及通过自组装的方式诱导产生手性;随后,介绍了其在生物传感、对映体识别和光疗等方面的应用进展;最后,分析了将手性金纳米粒子应用于生物医学光子学领域所面临的挑战,预计手性金纳米粒子将在生物医学光子学领域展现出越来越大的影响力.

Basic Characteristics of the Hydraulic-Driven Forceps for Force Feedback

A surgical manipulator has widely been used for laparoscopic surgery. It has been chosen mainly for the use in supporting human operations and in robot systems like the da Vinci surgical system. These manipulator systems are suitable for careful work, but they have a few problems. One of the problems is that the manipulator is not equipped with haptic sensing functions. Therefore, the operator must know the advanced techniques for visually detecting the physical contact state during surgical operations. These haptic sensing functions thus need to be incorporated into a surgical manipulator. We have developed hydraulic-driven forceps with a micro bearing and a bellows tube that can convey haptic sense to the operator. This system can measure the small forces acting on the tips of the forceps using Pascal＇s principle. A model of the system is provided from the relationship between the internal pressure of the bellows tube and the refraction angles of the forceps. It was confirmed using this model that the developed system makes it possible to estimate both the strength and the direction of the external force applied to the forceps by measuring the internal pressure of the bellows tube. An operator using a three-dimensional haptic device was able to feel the force response during an experiment in which they used the forceps to hold a blood vessel. This report describes the most appropriate method for letting the operator feel the force conveyed by using our system.

Ground demonstration system based on in-orbit assembly oriented manipulator flexible force control

To eliminate the load weight limit of carrier rockets and reduce the burden on support structures,in-orbit assembly is a key technology to make design of scattering a large diameter telescope into submirror modules,which requires smooth operation of assembly robots,and flexible force control technology is necessary. A ground demonstration system is presented for in-orbit assembly focusing on flexible force control. A six-dimensional force/torque sensor and its data acquisition system are used to compensate for gravity. For translation and rotation,an algorithm for flexible control is proposed. A ground transportation demonstration verifies accuracy and smoothness of flexible force control,and the transportation and assembly task is completed automatically. The proposed system is suitable for the development of in-orbit assembly robots.