Many specified business needs in enterprise context cannot be effectively satisfied using current business process technology.This phenomenon is called the "long tail" of business processes.In addition,more ...Many specified business needs in enterprise context cannot be effectively satisfied using current business process technology.This phenomenon is called the "long tail" of business processes.In addition,more and more business applications need to be accessed from mobile devices such as smartphones by enterprise end users.This paper attempts to solve both two challenges above.A lightweight event-driven process model is proposed aiming at satisfying the spontaneous business needs in enterprise.And we design an innovative wizard,which works like a tutorial,guiding end users in creating this lightweight process model.Moreover,end users are allowed to interact with the process created by themselves on smartphones.Finally,the usability of our approach was evaluated on a small set of users in a real business scenario.The results show that end users can effectively build their personalized business processes using our approach and interact with them in mobile environment.展开更多
Abstract In many animal species, males direct more intense courtship towards females they have not previously encountered, than towards females with which they have previously mated. To test the factors responsible fo...Abstract In many animal species, males direct more intense courtship towards females they have not previously encountered, than towards females with which they have previously mated. To test the factors responsible for this ＂Coolidge Effect＂, we need studies on a wide range of taxa - including those with mating systems in which we would not expect （based on current theory） that such an effect would be evident. The Coolidge Effect has been documented in several lizard species, but has not been looked for （and would not be expected） in snakes. We conducted experimental trials with red-sided garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis at a communal den in Manitoba, to see whether previous exposure to a female （either courting, or courting plus mating） modified male mate choice or courtship intensity. In keeping with prediction from theory （but contrary to an early anecdotal report）, male garter snakes did not modify their courtship behaviour based upon their familiarity （or lack thereof） with a specific female. At least in large courting aggregations, male snakes may maximize their fitness by basing mate-choice upon immediate attributes of the female （body size, condition, mated status） and the intensity of competition （numbers and sizes of rival males） rather than information derived from previous sexual encounters .展开更多
基金supported by the National 973 Programs(Grant No.2013CB329102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61003067)Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61132001)
文摘Many specified business needs in enterprise context cannot be effectively satisfied using current business process technology.This phenomenon is called the "long tail" of business processes.In addition,more and more business applications need to be accessed from mobile devices such as smartphones by enterprise end users.This paper attempts to solve both two challenges above.A lightweight event-driven process model is proposed aiming at satisfying the spontaneous business needs in enterprise.And we design an innovative wizard,which works like a tutorial,guiding end users in creating this lightweight process model.Moreover,end users are allowed to interact with the process created by themselves on smartphones.Finally,the usability of our approach was evaluated on a small set of users in a real business scenario.The results show that end users can effectively build their personalized business processes using our approach and interact with them in mobile environment.
基金We thank A1 and Gerry Johnson for assistance, and the Manitoba Dept. of Natural Resources （especially Dave Roberts） for permits. Financial support was provided by the Australian Research Council and the Austra- lian Academy of Science （to RS）, and by the National Science Foundation （IBN-9357245） and the Whitehall Foundation （W95-04） to RTM. Research was conducted under the author- ity of Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol No. LAR-1848B. All research was conducted in accord with the US Public Health Service ＇Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals＇ and the National Institutes of Health ＇Guide to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals＇.
文摘Abstract In many animal species, males direct more intense courtship towards females they have not previously encountered, than towards females with which they have previously mated. To test the factors responsible for this ＂Coolidge Effect＂, we need studies on a wide range of taxa - including those with mating systems in which we would not expect （based on current theory） that such an effect would be evident. The Coolidge Effect has been documented in several lizard species, but has not been looked for （and would not be expected） in snakes. We conducted experimental trials with red-sided garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis at a communal den in Manitoba, to see whether previous exposure to a female （either courting, or courting plus mating） modified male mate choice or courtship intensity. In keeping with prediction from theory （but contrary to an early anecdotal report）, male garter snakes did not modify their courtship behaviour based upon their familiarity （or lack thereof） with a specific female. At least in large courting aggregations, male snakes may maximize their fitness by basing mate-choice upon immediate attributes of the female （body size, condition, mated status） and the intensity of competition （numbers and sizes of rival males） rather than information derived from previous sexual encounters .
