Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cyc...Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.展开更多
Distributing of the railway refrigeration container handling stations is influenced by multitudinous factors, such as technique and equipment conditions, intermodal traffic ability, foreground and social economy condi...Distributing of the railway refrigeration container handling stations is influenced by multitudinous factors, such as technique and equipment conditions, intermodal traffic ability, foreground and social economy conditions of the district. In this paper a maiden adoption of the matter-element is applied to combine with information entropy theory to analyze distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations based on concerned literature and historical data, and a multi-objective decision-making model on analyzing distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations is set up based on matter-element and extension model. Based on establishing sutra field and controlled field, we apply relating function of matter- element and extension set to get relating function value of the railway refrigeration container handling stations. Finally a case study is carried out to verify the validity, objectivity and applicability of this model through calculated and compared with traditional analysis methods. Practicality application indicates that this method can avoid subjectivity of weighting, but enhance the extensibility, the model mentioned above has guiding significance and applied value for analyzing distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations.展开更多
文摘Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.
文摘Distributing of the railway refrigeration container handling stations is influenced by multitudinous factors, such as technique and equipment conditions, intermodal traffic ability, foreground and social economy conditions of the district. In this paper a maiden adoption of the matter-element is applied to combine with information entropy theory to analyze distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations based on concerned literature and historical data, and a multi-objective decision-making model on analyzing distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations is set up based on matter-element and extension model. Based on establishing sutra field and controlled field, we apply relating function of matter- element and extension set to get relating function value of the railway refrigeration container handling stations. Finally a case study is carried out to verify the validity, objectivity and applicability of this model through calculated and compared with traditional analysis methods. Practicality application indicates that this method can avoid subjectivity of weighting, but enhance the extensibility, the model mentioned above has guiding significance and applied value for analyzing distributing the railway refrigeration container handling stations.
