扫描电平显示电路

本文介绍的扫描电平显示电路可显示电化学测量中常用的斜波电压的极性和扫描状态。为了提高稳定性和满足油/水界面电化学研究的需要,电路中采取了多种保护措施和自动切换装置,当三角波电压的绝对值幅度大于2.5伏时,保护线路自动封锁,不予显示;绝对值幅度大于0.5伏小于2.5伏的三角波电压直接显示;小于0.5伏的三角波电压经放大后再显示,该电路可作为各种电化学仪器的显示单元。

数字系统电平敏感扫描设计研究

在复杂电子系统中对数字系统工作的可靠性要求越来越高,因此提高数字系统的可测试性变得尤为重要。要提高数字系统的可测性,就需要设计人员在设计系统的同时考虑到测试的要求,目前常采用的方法是结构设计。电平敏感扫描设计在结构设计中使用较为普遍,针对电平敏感扫描设计法进行了研究。

低电平扫描电流高强辐射场试验方法研究

低电平扫描电流试验(LLSC)是飞机高强辐射场(HIRF)试验的一部分,其实质是在2~400 MHz频段内对飞机进行电磁辐照,以确定外部HIRF环境与设备线束感应电流之间的传递函数。基于RTCA/DO-160G和SAE ARP5583A标准建立HIRF测试环境,通过对AC312E直升机开展低电平扫描电流试验,得到了线束传递函数随频率、天线极化方式、电磁辐照方向、线束布置的变化规律并分析了其影响机理。结果表明:发射天线以不同极化方式辐照机体时,不同布置的线束其传递函数有一定差别;发射天线以垂直极化在0°方向辐照时,行李舱附近右发动机控制单元(EECUR)线束的传递函数比位于驾驶舱的座舱显示器(MFD)线束的传递函数要小;发射天线以垂直极化方式在不同方向辐照机体时,EECUR线束在某些频段下在右侧90°方向辐照比左侧270°方向辐照的传递函数要大。所得结论可为直升机适航符合性验证和低电平扫描电流试验的开展提供参考与支撑。

基于LabVIEW的通用飞机低电平扫描场测试系统设计

低电平扫描场(LLSF)测试是通用飞机高强辐射场(HIRF)防护设计验证和安全性评估的重要内容。针对通用飞机的HIRF防护需求,通过研究HIRF到飞机的耦合机理,提出了一种基于LabVIEW的低电平扫描场测试系统设计方法,并详细地阐述了系统的硬件组成和软件开发流程。该测试系统具有操作简单、自动化程度高等特点,可实现飞机待测舱室内场强的多通道快速测试。以某型通用飞机为对象开展飞机级LLSF测试,通过试验获取了飞机舱室在不同照射角度下的衰减特性,完成了测试系统的应用验证。

基于LSSD的Cache电路的扫描测试设计

在扫描测试设计时,因电路行为的不同需采用不同的扫描单元,LSSD(level-sensitive scan design)正是一种非常适合于电平敏感型电路的扫描单元,但在时钟控制相对复杂的电路中仅采用标准LSSD单元来完成整个扫描测试设计是不够的。在经过对LSSD扫描测试原理进行深入研究后,结合某32位RISCCPU中的Cache电路的行为特点,对标准LSSD扫描单元做了重新设计,并获得了较高的测试覆盖率和故障覆盖率。

用于超高频局部放电监测的智能传感器研制

为适应超高频(UHF)局部放电在线监测需要,设计了一种基于层叠式多臂Hilbert分形天线与电平扫描式采集系统的局部放电超高频监测智能传感器。通过在传统Hilbert分形辐射臂上增加寄生臂条以及引入层叠式贴片结构,设计了小尺寸、宽频带、高增益的层叠式多臂Hilbert分形天线作为智能传感器天线;并根据电平扫描式法开发了电平扫描式数据采集模块作为智能传感器数据采集单元。在实验室内进行空气中的针–板放电实验,并同时采用智能传感器和全波形采集法采集信号。结果表明,该传感器实现了超高频局部放电信号的高速处理,直接输出局部放电谱图,其输出数据量小,硬件简单成本低,设备体积小。2种采集方法得到的放电谱图相似程度高,验证了智能传感器能够准确地获取并处理局部放电信号。

非封闭舱室内电场统计均匀测试方法

低电平扫描场(LLSF)测试是飞机级高强辐射场(HIRF)效应试验的重要内容。分别建立了方形舱室内置模式搅拌叶片的仿真模型和试验系统,验证了外部LLSF照射下非封闭舱室内产生统计均匀特性电场的可行性。以方形舱室和圆柱舱室模型为对象,提出了基于遍历和递归算法的场均匀区域检验方法,获取了模式搅拌工作下的2种非封闭舱室内的有限均匀区域,为实际飞机级LLSF试验过程中接收探头的布置提供重要指导。

Microstructure and tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn-Y alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the Mg-1.0%Sn-xY(x=1.5%,3.0%,3.5%,atom fraction)alloys extruded indirectly at 350℃ were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The mean grain sizes ofα-Mg matrix in the three extruded alloys are 6,8 and 12μm,respectively,slightly increasing with the addition of Y. The relationship between microstructure and strength was discussed in detail.The results show that the addition of Y has little effect on the grain refinement of the as-extruded Mg-Sn based alloys above.The only MgSnY phase is detected in the Mg-Sn-1.5%Y alloy, and the Sn3Y5 phase in the Mg-Sn-3.5%Y alloy,whereas both of them simultaneously exist in the Mg-Sn-3.0%Y alloy.The particle shape of MgSnY and Sn3Y5 phase,inherited from the solidification,has little change before and after hot extrusion.Mg-Sn-3.0%Y alloy has the highest ultimate tensile strength(UTS),305 MPa,by over 50%compared with that of the other two alloys.

HIRF环境机载单芯电缆电磁敏感特性仿真研究

基于EMA 3D全波时域有限差分技术和MHARNESS多导体传输线技术,研究了多种机载单芯电缆的布线结构及其趋肤效应对高强度辐射场环境下场线耦合效应的影响。根据ARP 5583A低电平扫描电流测试要求设置仿真环境,计算得到机身内部折叠、弯曲、盘曲和趋肤效应等电缆模型在高强度辐射场环境下的感应电流及其传递函数。研究表明单芯线简化模型仅能在有限条件下保证仿真精度,电缆布线结构和趋肤效应对高强度辐射场条件下场线耦合效应的影响具有一定规律性。

Si_3N_4/Ni nanocomposite formed by electroplating: Effect of average size of nanoparticulates

Properties of Si3N4/Ni electroplated nanocomposite such as corrosion current density after long time immersion,roughness of obtained layer and distribution of nanometric particulates were studied.Other effective factors for fabrication of nanocomposite coatings were fixed for better studying the effect of the average size of nanoparticulates.The effects of the different average size of nanometric particulates(ASNP)from submicron scale(less than 1μm)to nanometric scale(less than 10 nm)were studied.The nanostructures of surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM).Corrosion rates of the coatings were determined using the Tafel polarization test.It is seen that decreasing the ASNP will lead to lower corrosion current densities;however,in some cases,pitting phenomena are observed.The roughness illustrates a minimum level while the distribution of nanometric particulates is more uniform by decreasing the ASNP.The effects of pulsed current on electrodeposition(frequency,duty cycle)and concentration of nanoparticulates in electrodeposition bath on trend of obtained curves have been discussed.Response surface methodology was applied for optimizing the effective operating conditions of coatings.The levels studied were frequency range between 1 000 and 9 000 Hz,duty cycle between 10%and 90%and concentration of nanoparticulates of 10-90 g/L.

Influence of surface etching pretreatment on PEO process of eutectic Al–Si alloy

To solve the problems generally encountered during the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) of Al alloys with high Si content, a pretreatment of chemical etching was applied before the process. The influence of such pretreatment was studied by SEM, EDS and XRD. The pretreatment presents a significant effect on positive voltage at the beginning stage of PEO, leading to higher voltage over the whole process. The difference between the positive voltages of non-etched and etched specimens decreases gradually with the increase of processing time. The pretreatment exhibits much less influence on the negative voltage. For the sample with surface pretreatment, the average growth rate of PEO coating is increased from 0.50 to 0.84 μm·min-1and the energy consumption is decreased from 6.30 to 4.36 k W·h·μm-1·m-2. At the same time, both mullite and amorphous Si O2 contents are decreased in the coating.

规划输变电工程局部放电在线超高频监测方法研究

总结在线监测技术研究传统方法的缺陷,利用扫描法研发在线监测系统,在线检测系统能够在较多电力系统中得到应用,并较好弥补了之前方法存在的不足。

Synthesis and characterization of MgSO_4·5Mg(OH)_2·2H_2O flake powders

Magnesium oxysulfate （MgSO4·5Mg（OH）2·2H2O） flake powders with an average diameter of 2 ~tm and a thickness of 0.052 μm were prepared using magnesium sulfate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials by hydrothermal synthesis process. The composition, morphology and structural features of the hydrothermal products were examined with X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The experimental results indicate that in the conditions of n（NaOH）/n（MgSO4） of 1.25, the dosage of w（Na3PO4） crystal additives of 1.0% w（MgSO4）, stirring for 5 h at 180 ℃, the morphology of MgSO4·5Mg（OH）2·2H2O products is flaky and laminar, which is a kind of complex magnesium singlecrystal. The recycling of MgSO4 mother liquor was also investigated to make a full use of the materials and reduce disposal. The results prove that there is no adverse effect on the yield and purity of the products.

Characteristics and formation of high quality reservoirs in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression

Reservoirs can be developed in the sediment gravity flows.However,high quality reservoirs are found widespread in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Characteristics and formation of these reservoirs are key problems to be solved.Through comprehensive analysis of thin section petrography,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction,two distinct rules were obtained.1) These high quality reservoirs have apparent characteristics:lithology consists mainly of medium-fine grained sands; moderately-well sorted and rounded; intergranular pores dominating >70% of the entire pores,surface per unit pore volume reaches 15%; average porosity is 21% and average permeability is 55×10-3 μm2.2) Types of sedimentary microfacies and dissolution strongly control on the formation of high quality reservoirs.Main channels and sandy braided bars have the best reservoir properties.Because that sediments are mainly medium-fine grained sands in high-energy environments.The favorable primary porosity and permeability may promote calcite cementation and help to produce more secondary pores.Besides,at the depth of 2500-3200 m,basically matching threshold of oil generation,organic acid expelled when organic matter became mature,and H+ released during clay mineral transformation.These both result in the dissolution of calcite cements and create large volume pores,then physical properties improve correspondingly.Moreover,deep hydrothermal fluid intrusion may also have impacts on the development of secondary pores.

飞机级高场强辐射场验证替代方法研究

为了解决飞机级高场强辐射场(HIRF)验证技术难点,结合防护要求,对其验证替代方法进行了研究,分别包括低电平扫描场法、低电平扫描电流法、混响室法、差模电流注入法、低电平直接注入法和表面环线电流注入法,对六种替代方法的验证机理、验证难点进行了分析,总结了各种方法的优缺点,并给出了推荐的HIRF防护验证替代方法顺序。

Dissolution behavior of calcium-magnesium-silicate glass fiber

The dissolution behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass fiber was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） using in-vitro tests. The results show that the soaked fiber is surrounded by an outer calcium-magnesium silicate hydrated layer, and there exists a balancing fimction between the formation and abscission of the hydrated layer during the dissolution process. The concentrations of leached ions increase constantly, and the mass loss of the fibers and pH changes of the solution are found to rise rapidly during the initial dissolution process, then their increasing rates are controlled by the balancing function of the hydrated layer at the subsequent dissolution stages. The dissolution rate constant and time for complete dissolution are estimated to be 274 ng/（cm2.h） and 15.2 d, respectively, presenting preferable biosolubilities.

Surface Morphology Investigation of Tunisian Dromedary Hair

In raw materials of dromedary hair, there are two distinct fibre populations： The fine one is of textile relevance and the coarse one is rather worthless and must be as a rule separated prior to spinning and subsequent processing. The fibre surface morphology and fibre fineness of Tunisian dromedary hair has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM）. SEM microscopic method provides the fibre diameter, the scale shape, the scale frequency and scale height. The results show that dehaired dromedary fibre presents a relatively low mean fibre diameter （≈ 17 μm） with a high coefficient of variation （CV ≈ 25%）. The scales of the dromedary fibre are on average extremely long and quite visible, they tend not to protrude from the fibre, appear almost convex, and provide a wavy appearance in profile of the relatively coarse fibre. On counting the scale frequency, that is, the number of scale margins within a determined fibre length of 100 μm on the surface of a fine （diameter 〈 30 μm） and coarse （diameter 〉 30 μm） dromedary fibre, comes out roughly five at eight and eight at twelve scale margins, respectively. The mean height of the cuticle scale is 0.12μm and 0.24 μm, respectively, for fine and coarse dromedary fibre. These explain why dromedary fibres present a soft touch due to the prominence of the scale edges. This aspect of the surface structure has a high correlation with the felting capacity of the matter, and contributes to the concepts of handle and gloss.

Defluorination of Wet-Phosphoric Acid： Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

This study describes the advantages of using iron-oxide-pillared MF （montmorillonite） and EDTA （ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid）-pillared MD （montmorillonite） for the removal of fluoride in the phosphoric acid. The MF and MD were characterized by using BET （Brunauer-Emmett-Teller） and SEM （scanning electron microscope） for there to appreciate their textural and structural properties and in order to appraise their capacity in the fixation of the fluorine experimental results of fluorine adsorption show a defluoration of the phosphoric acid passing beyond 90% with both clays with a light performance for the MD. The kinetics of fluorine adsorption on MF and on MD has been measured at different temperatures. Indeed, the adsorbed quantity increases more favorably to temperatures more high. This kinetics could be described by two models： pseudo-first-order or pseudo-second-order, which depends on temperature and the nature of adsorbent. At different temperatures used and with various adsorbents （MD and MF, the pseudo second order model was the most reliable to determine the order of kinetics of adsorption of fluorine, which is also reflected a good correlation coefficient （above 0.99）. The fluoride sorption was reasonably explained with Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as AG~, AH~, AS~ and kinetic one E,, （apparent activation energy） were calculated in order to understand the nature of sorption process. Results indicate that the mechanism of adsorption of the ion of fluoride on the pillared montmorillonite is an exothermic reaction. During equilibrium conditions, both the systems showed negative Gibbs energy, which indicates stability of system. The values of apparent activation energy for the both clays show that the adsorption of F ions is easier on the MF.

Liquidus and phase equilibria in CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system

The single hot thermocouple technique （SHTT） and high temperature equilibrium technique were combined to investigate the phase diagram of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%AlzO3-TiO2 system. The 1300 ℃ to 1500 ℃ liquidus lines are calculated according to the thermodynamic equations based on the pseudo-melting temperatures measured by the single hot thermocouple technique. The phase equilibria relationships are experimentally determined at 1400 ℃ using the high temperature equilibria technique followed by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） analysis. The liquid phase（L）, melilite solid solution phase （（C2MSz,C2AS）ss）, diopside phase（CMS2） and perovskite phase （CaO·TiO2） are found. Coupled with the liquidus lines and equilibria results, the phase diagram is constructed for the specified region of the CaO-SiO2-5%MgO-20%Al2O3-TiO2 system.

Hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase microphenocrysts and glass in basalts from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N: An SEM-EDS study

The interactions of seafloor hydrothermal fluid with igneous rocks can result in leaching elements from the rocks,creating potential ore-forming fluids and influencing the chemical compositions of near-bottom seawater.The hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase microphenocrysts and basaltic glass in the pillow basalts from one dredge station(103°57.62′′W,12°50.55′N,water depth 2480 m)on the East Pacific Rise(EPR)near 13°N were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the edges of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the basaltic glass fragments are altered but the pyroxene and olivine microphenocrysts in the interior of the pillow basalts appear to be unaffected by the hydrothermal fluids.In addition,our results show that the chemical alteration at the rims of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the edges of basaltic glass fragments can be divided into separate types of alteration.The chemical difference in hydrothermal alteration of the plagioclase microphenocrysts and the basaltic glass indicate that different degrees of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction have taken place at the surface of the pillow basalts.If the degree of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction is relatively minor,Si,Al,Ca and Na diffuse from the inside of the solid phase out and as a result these elements have a tendency to accumulate in the edge of the plagioclase microphenocrysts or basaltic glass.If the degree of hydrothermal fluid-solid phase interaction is relatively strong,Si,Al,Ca and Na also diffuse from the inside of solid phase out but these elements will have a relatively low concentration in the edge of the plagioclase microphenocrysts or basaltic glass.Based on the chemical variation observed in the edges of plagioclase microphenocrysts and basaltic glass,we estimate that the content of Si,Al and Fe in the edges of plagioclase microphenocrysts can have a variation of 10.69%,17.59%and 109%,respectively.Similarly,the Si,Al and Fe concentrations in the edges of basaltic glass can have a variation of 9.79%,16.30%and 37.83%,respectively,during the interaction of hydrothermal fluids and seafloor pillow basalt.