目的评价两种表面防护材料在CT扫描野内的辐射防护效果和扫描野的图像质量。方法使用CTDI模体测量颈部扫描时周边的辐射量及CTDIw,采用铋屏蔽和硫酸钙屏蔽为辐射防护材料的辐射量及CTDIw,比较有无屏蔽以及两种屏蔽的防护效果差异。低剂...目的评价两种表面防护材料在CT扫描野内的辐射防护效果和扫描野的图像质量。方法使用CTDI模体测量颈部扫描时周边的辐射量及CTDIw,采用铋屏蔽和硫酸钙屏蔽为辐射防护材料的辐射量及CTDIw,比较有无屏蔽以及两种屏蔽的防护效果差异。低剂量CT筛查60例,随机分为3组,分别为无屏蔽组以及使用铋屏蔽和硫酸钙屏蔽防护组,自动曝光控制扫描,管电压100 k V,参考管电流为23 m As。对患者甲状腺和肺尖层面的图像质量评分,比较屏蔽对图像质量的影响。结果模型研究中,无屏蔽组的探测点辐射量为6.17±0.21 m Gy;小于床板侧(7.61±0.14)m Gy和中心侧为(7.14±0.11)m Gy(P<0.01);而屏蔽组CTDIw均小于无屏蔽组,且铋屏蔽组和硫酸钙屏蔽组与无屏蔽组CTDIw分别为5.78、5.02、6.92 m Gy(P<0.05)。临床研究中,3组低剂量筛查的有效剂量分别为(0.92±0.05)、(0.90±0.06)、(0.90±0.05)m Sv(P>0.05)。3组甲状腺和肺尖成像质量均可满足诊断要求,且屏蔽组的甲状腺成像质量评分明显低于无屏蔽组(F=14.69,P<0.01),其中硫酸钙屏蔽组评分最低;3组肺尖图像质量评分间差异没有统计学意义(F=1.57,P>0.05)。结论铋屏蔽与硫酸钙屏蔽均可以作为肺癌CT筛查的甲状腺表面屏蔽使用,不影响肺组织诊断。展开更多
目的探讨扫描野(Scanning Field of View,SFOV)对成人胸部CT水当量直径的体型特异性剂量估算(Water Equivalent Diameter of Size-Specific Dose Estimates,SSDE_(WED))的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年7至8月我院行胸部CT扫描的162例成人...目的探讨扫描野(Scanning Field of View,SFOV)对成人胸部CT水当量直径的体型特异性剂量估算(Water Equivalent Diameter of Size-Specific Dose Estimates,SSDE_(WED))的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年7至8月我院行胸部CT扫描的162例成人受检者,选取原始序列横断位中间层面图像,勾画圆形感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI),测量ROI的CT_(ROI)值、面积A_(ROI),记录受检者的性别、年龄、容积剂量指数(Volume CT Dose Index,CTDI_(vol))、剂量长度乘积(Dose Length Product,DLP)和SFOV的数值,计算每例受检者中间层面的水等效直径(Water Equivalent Diameter,WED)、转换因子(f_(size·WED))和SSDE_(WED)。利用多元回归分析性别、年龄、CT_(ROI)、A_(ROI)、CTDI_(vol)、DLP和SFOV与SSDE_(WED)的相关性。结果性别、年龄、A_(ROI)、CTDI_(vol)、DLP和SFOV与SSDE_(WED)有显著差异(P<0.05),CT_(ROI)与SSDE_(WED)无显著差异(P>0.05),多元回归分析SSDE_(WED)与SFOV呈0.06倍正线性相关。结论SFOV对成人胸部CT的SSDE_(WED)影响较大,且呈0.06倍正线性相关,在临床扫描中精准调节SFOV可以降低成人受检者胸部CT辐射剂量。展开更多
To investigate associations between central visual function and inner retinal structure in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG). This study enrolled 78 POAG patients and 58 healthy controls. POAG was classified into earl...To investigate associations between central visual function and inner retinal structure in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG). This study enrolled 78 POAG patients and 58 healthy controls. POAG was classified into early glaucoma and moderate to advanced glaucoma. The following tests were performed on all participants: isolated-check visual evoked potential(ic VEP) testing, 24-2 standard automated perimetry(SAP), and Cirrus optical coherence tomography(OCT) examinations. Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) measures obtained from ic VEP responses to isolated checks presented at four depths of modulation(DOMs;8%, 14%, 22%, and 32%) were explored. Mean macular sensitivity(mMS) was assessed by calculating the mean sensitivities of central 12 SAP points. Ganglion cell layer+ inner plexiform layer thickness(GCL+IPLT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(pRNFLT) were measured by OCT scanning. For each group of subjects, linear relationships among the following measures were analyzed: SNR, mMS, GCL+IPLT, and pRNFLT. SNR, mMS, GCL+IPLT, and pRNFLT were all more significantly decreased in glaucoma than in controls(P<0.001). A significant positive association was found between SNR at 14% DOM and GCL+IPLT at the inferior sector in early glaucoma(r=0.465, P=0.004). In moderate to advanced glaucoma, significant correlations were found between SNR at 32% DOM and mean GCL+IPLT(r=0.364, P=0.023), superior GCL+IPLT(r=0.358, P=0.025), and mean p RNFLT(r=0.396, P=0.025). In addition, in moderate to advanced glaucoma, there were significant correlations between mMS and all relevant measures of retinal thickness(r=0.330–0.663, P< 0.010). In early glaucoma, significant correlations were found between mean mMS and minimum GCL+IPLT(r=0.373, P=0.023), and between inferior mMS and superior GCL+IPLT(r=0.470, P=0.003). Linear models provided a good explanation for the relationship between SNR and inner retinal thickness(IRT), whereas nonlinear models better explained the relationship between mMS and IRT. In early glaucoma, both SNR and mMS were related moderately and significantly to IRT, whereas in moderate to advanced glaucoma, mMS was more strongly correlated with IRT than SNR.展开更多
MUSTANG (Multiplex SQUID TES Array at Ninety GHz) is a bolometer camera for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) working at a frequency of 90 GHz.The detector has a field of view of 40 arcsec.To cancel out random emission c...MUSTANG (Multiplex SQUID TES Array at Ninety GHz) is a bolometer camera for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) working at a frequency of 90 GHz.The detector has a field of view of 40 arcsec.To cancel out random emission change from atmosphere and other sources,requires a fast scanning reflecting system with a few arcminute ranges.In this paper,the aberrations of an off-axis system are reviewed.The condition for an optimized system is provided.In an optimized system,as additional image transfer mirrors are introduced,new aberrations of the off-axis system may be reintroduced,resulting in a limited field of view.In this paper,different scanning mirror arrangements for the GBT system are analyzed through the ray tracing analysis.These include using the subreflector as the scanning mirror,chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with an ellipse mirror,and chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with a pair of face-to-face paraboloid mirrors.The system analysis shows that chopping a flat mirror and using a well aligned pair of paraboloids can generate the required field of view for the MUSTANG detector system,while other systems all suffer from larger off-axis aberrations added by the system modification.The spot diagrams of the well aligned pair of paraboloids produced are only about one Airy disk size within a scanning angle of about 3 arcmin.展开更多
文摘目的评价两种表面防护材料在CT扫描野内的辐射防护效果和扫描野的图像质量。方法使用CTDI模体测量颈部扫描时周边的辐射量及CTDIw,采用铋屏蔽和硫酸钙屏蔽为辐射防护材料的辐射量及CTDIw,比较有无屏蔽以及两种屏蔽的防护效果差异。低剂量CT筛查60例,随机分为3组,分别为无屏蔽组以及使用铋屏蔽和硫酸钙屏蔽防护组,自动曝光控制扫描,管电压100 k V,参考管电流为23 m As。对患者甲状腺和肺尖层面的图像质量评分,比较屏蔽对图像质量的影响。结果模型研究中,无屏蔽组的探测点辐射量为6.17±0.21 m Gy;小于床板侧(7.61±0.14)m Gy和中心侧为(7.14±0.11)m Gy(P<0.01);而屏蔽组CTDIw均小于无屏蔽组,且铋屏蔽组和硫酸钙屏蔽组与无屏蔽组CTDIw分别为5.78、5.02、6.92 m Gy(P<0.05)。临床研究中,3组低剂量筛查的有效剂量分别为(0.92±0.05)、(0.90±0.06)、(0.90±0.05)m Sv(P>0.05)。3组甲状腺和肺尖成像质量均可满足诊断要求,且屏蔽组的甲状腺成像质量评分明显低于无屏蔽组(F=14.69,P<0.01),其中硫酸钙屏蔽组评分最低;3组肺尖图像质量评分间差异没有统计学意义(F=1.57,P>0.05)。结论铋屏蔽与硫酸钙屏蔽均可以作为肺癌CT筛查的甲状腺表面屏蔽使用,不影响肺组织诊断。
文摘目的探讨扫描野(Scanning Field of View,SFOV)对成人胸部CT水当量直径的体型特异性剂量估算(Water Equivalent Diameter of Size-Specific Dose Estimates,SSDE_(WED))的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年7至8月我院行胸部CT扫描的162例成人受检者,选取原始序列横断位中间层面图像,勾画圆形感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI),测量ROI的CT_(ROI)值、面积A_(ROI),记录受检者的性别、年龄、容积剂量指数(Volume CT Dose Index,CTDI_(vol))、剂量长度乘积(Dose Length Product,DLP)和SFOV的数值,计算每例受检者中间层面的水等效直径(Water Equivalent Diameter,WED)、转换因子(f_(size·WED))和SSDE_(WED)。利用多元回归分析性别、年龄、CT_(ROI)、A_(ROI)、CTDI_(vol)、DLP和SFOV与SSDE_(WED)的相关性。结果性别、年龄、A_(ROI)、CTDI_(vol)、DLP和SFOV与SSDE_(WED)有显著差异(P<0.05),CT_(ROI)与SSDE_(WED)无显著差异(P>0.05),多元回归分析SSDE_(WED)与SFOV呈0.06倍正线性相关。结论SFOV对成人胸部CT的SSDE_(WED)影响较大,且呈0.06倍正线性相关,在临床扫描中精准调节SFOV可以降低成人受检者胸部CT辐射剂量。
基金Project supported by the Wenzhou Medical University(No.QTJ13009)the Health Innovation Talents in Zhejiang Province(2016,No.25)the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(the Value of IsolatedCheck Visual Evoked Potential in Glaucoma Diagnosis and Monitoring),China。
文摘To investigate associations between central visual function and inner retinal structure in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG). This study enrolled 78 POAG patients and 58 healthy controls. POAG was classified into early glaucoma and moderate to advanced glaucoma. The following tests were performed on all participants: isolated-check visual evoked potential(ic VEP) testing, 24-2 standard automated perimetry(SAP), and Cirrus optical coherence tomography(OCT) examinations. Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) measures obtained from ic VEP responses to isolated checks presented at four depths of modulation(DOMs;8%, 14%, 22%, and 32%) were explored. Mean macular sensitivity(mMS) was assessed by calculating the mean sensitivities of central 12 SAP points. Ganglion cell layer+ inner plexiform layer thickness(GCL+IPLT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(pRNFLT) were measured by OCT scanning. For each group of subjects, linear relationships among the following measures were analyzed: SNR, mMS, GCL+IPLT, and pRNFLT. SNR, mMS, GCL+IPLT, and pRNFLT were all more significantly decreased in glaucoma than in controls(P<0.001). A significant positive association was found between SNR at 14% DOM and GCL+IPLT at the inferior sector in early glaucoma(r=0.465, P=0.004). In moderate to advanced glaucoma, significant correlations were found between SNR at 32% DOM and mean GCL+IPLT(r=0.364, P=0.023), superior GCL+IPLT(r=0.358, P=0.025), and mean p RNFLT(r=0.396, P=0.025). In addition, in moderate to advanced glaucoma, there were significant correlations between mMS and all relevant measures of retinal thickness(r=0.330–0.663, P< 0.010). In early glaucoma, significant correlations were found between mean mMS and minimum GCL+IPLT(r=0.373, P=0.023), and between inferior mMS and superior GCL+IPLT(r=0.470, P=0.003). Linear models provided a good explanation for the relationship between SNR and inner retinal thickness(IRT), whereas nonlinear models better explained the relationship between mMS and IRT. In early glaucoma, both SNR and mMS were related moderately and significantly to IRT, whereas in moderate to advanced glaucoma, mMS was more strongly correlated with IRT than SNR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10978021)
文摘MUSTANG (Multiplex SQUID TES Array at Ninety GHz) is a bolometer camera for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) working at a frequency of 90 GHz.The detector has a field of view of 40 arcsec.To cancel out random emission change from atmosphere and other sources,requires a fast scanning reflecting system with a few arcminute ranges.In this paper,the aberrations of an off-axis system are reviewed.The condition for an optimized system is provided.In an optimized system,as additional image transfer mirrors are introduced,new aberrations of the off-axis system may be reintroduced,resulting in a limited field of view.In this paper,different scanning mirror arrangements for the GBT system are analyzed through the ray tracing analysis.These include using the subreflector as the scanning mirror,chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with an ellipse mirror,and chopping a flat mirror and transferring image with a pair of face-to-face paraboloid mirrors.The system analysis shows that chopping a flat mirror and using a well aligned pair of paraboloids can generate the required field of view for the MUSTANG detector system,while other systems all suffer from larger off-axis aberrations added by the system modification.The spot diagrams of the well aligned pair of paraboloids produced are only about one Airy disk size within a scanning angle of about 3 arcmin.
