高压扭转圈数对碳化硅颗粒铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用高压扭转(high-pressure torsion,HPT)工艺,成功将8.75%体积分数SiC颗粒与Al的混合粉末制成金属基复合材料,并用金相显微镜、显微维氏硬度计、万能材料试验机和扫描电镜等,分析了扭转圈数对SiCp/Al复合材料的显微组织、显微硬度、拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌的影响。结果显示,扭转圈数从0.5圈增加到4圈,基体的变形抗力降低,SiC颗粒在剪应力的作用下易于与基体协调变形,SiC颗粒分布均匀化程度显著提高;随着扭转圈数增加,试样所受到的剪切作用增大,极易引起位错的运动和增殖,基体晶粒得到细化,单位体积内的晶界增多,使试样显微硬度得到提高;扭转圈数越多,拉伸断口韧窝数量明显增多,且尺寸变小。

轴向拉力作用下复合钻柱允许扭转圈数的计算方法

深井、超深井钻井中经常使用复合钻柱,如出现卡钻等井下故障,处理时需要计算复合钻柱允许扭转圈数,但目前尚没有关于复合钻柱允许扭转圈数的计算方法。为此,从材料力学基础理论入手,建立了复合钻柱各分段最大剪切应力与几何尺寸之间的数学关系式和各分段谁先达到许用值的判定式,并推导出了在轴向拉力作用下的复合钻柱允许扭转圈数计算式。实例验算表明,推导出的轴向拉力作用下的复合钻柱允许扭转圈数计算式具有科学性和合理性,对处理深井、超深井复合钻柱卡钻等井下故障具有指导作用。

复合钻具卡钻后最大上提拉力和扭转圈数计算与控制

卡钻是钻井生产中比较常见的事故之一,通常表现有多种形式,处理方法也是多种多样,但上提下放钻具和转动钻具拉卡点是必不可少的操作,其操作方法也都大同小异。对于复合钻具通过测算卡点深度,确定允许上提最大拉力、最大扭转圈数,保证钻具在允许的范围内及时、正确、有效的解除事故是十分必要的,防止盲目操作引起事故的进一步恶化。

复合钻具卡钻转盘允许扭转圈数计算及现场应用

文中应用材料力学理论,提出了复合钻具卡钻的计算公式。经验证,是一套有效和方便的计算公式。将该计算方法编制成计算机程序,在现场使用时更方便。

扭转参数对铜合金接触线扭转圈数的影响

通过扭转试验研究了扭转速度、张力以及扭转方向等参数对CTMH150接触线扭转圈数的影响,并分析了扭矩与扭转圈数的关系。结果表明,铜合金接触线的扭转圈数随着扭转速度、张力的增大先降低再增加,均存在一个转换点,其中2、3 r/min是扭转速度的转折点,755 N是张力的转折点;双向扭转过程中的扭矩圈数大于单向扭转。此外,接触线的扭矩与扭转圈数成线性相关性。

钻柱极限扭转圈数的确定

在现有分析方法的基础上,考虑到井筒内泥浆粘滞阻力的影响,推导出井内被卡钻柱极限扭转圈数的新的计算方法,与现在结果进行对比分析认为在钻柱遇阻进行倒扣或套铣中,在泥浆粘度和动切应力较高、卡点较深的情况下,必须充分考虑泥浆粘滞阻力的影响。

从捻绳子谈起

应用曲带的拓扑学知识和弹性力学的最小势能原理解释具有扭转变形的细绳受扰动后出现的缠绕现象.

Incompressible Pairwise Incompressible Surfaces in Knot Exteriors

We discuss the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in a knot complement by using twist crossing number. Let K be a pretzel knot or rational knot that its twistindex is less than 6, and let F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible surface in S 3-K. Then F is a punctured sphere.

Preset model of bending force for 6-high reversing cold rolling mill based on genetic algorithm

The hydraulic roll-bending device was studied, which was widely used in modem cold rolling mills to regulate the strip flatness. The loaded roll gap crown mathematic model and the strip crown mathematic model of the reversing cold rolling process were established, and the deformation model of roll stack system of the 6-high 1 250 mm high crown （HC） reversing cold rolling mill was built by slit beam method. The simulation results show that, the quadratic component of strip crown decreases nearly linearly with the increase of the work roll bending force, when the shifting value of intermediate roll is determined by the rolling process. From the first pass to the fifth pass of reversing rolling process, the crown controllability of bending force is gradually weakened. Base on analyzing the relationship among the main factors associated with roll-bending force in reversing multi-pass rolling, such as strip width and rolling force, a preset mathematic model of bending force is developed by genetic algorithm. The simulation data demonstrate that the relative deviation of flatness criterions in each rolling pass is improved significantly and the mean relative deviation of all five passes is decreased from 25.1% to 1.7%. The model can keep good shape in multi-pass reversing cold rolling process with the high prediction accuracy and can be used to guide the production process.

A Graphlike Manifold Whose Contraction is

For a graphlike manifold whose contraction is a generalized cuneate figure,we deribve a formula in this paper to compute the number of homeomorphism classes of it by using twist operations and the combinatorial theory.

Fretting instability characteristics for gear shaft shoulder

In order to solve fretting instability problem of gear shaft shoulder due to torsional vibration in mechanical system, the mathematical model of fretting instability vibration of gear shaft shoulder was established by adopting the method of combining kinematics and tribology, and the numerical analysis was applied to the fretting instability mechanism of gear shaft shoulder by introducing the friction instability damping ratio. The numerical results show that the main factors causing the unstable and vibrating gear shaft shoulder are the large tightening torque and too large static friction coefficient. The reasonable values of the static friction coefficient, the amount of interference and tightening torque can effectively mitigate the fretting instability phenomenon of gear shaft shoulder. The experimental results verify that damping plays a significant role in eliminating the vibration of gear shaft control system.

Torsion of Circular Shaft with Elliptical Inclusions or Cracks

This paper proposes a straightforward and concise approach to analyze the Saint-Venant’s torsion of a circular shaft containing multiple elliptical inclusions or cracks based on the complex variable method.The complex potentials are first derived for the shaft with N elliptical inclusions by introducing Faber series expansion,and then the shear stresses and torsional rigidity are calculated.When the inclusions degenerate into cracks,the solutions for the intensity factors of stress are obtained.Finally,several numerical examples are carried out to discuss the effects of geometry parameters,different shear modulus ratios and array-types of the elliptical inclusions/cracks on the fields of stresses.The obtained results show that the proposed approach has advantages such as high accuracy and good convergence.

分支井斜向器回收器工艺探讨及新型打捞工具研究

针对机械式钻机无法直观判定扭矩的问题,计算得出了扭矩与钻具扭转圈数的关系,能够为母锥打捞造斜器确定扭转圈数提供参考。内孔式打捞工具具有操作简单、使用安全及打捞吨位大等优点,对完善斜向器回收工艺具有重要意义。

Modeling unbalanced rotor system with continuous viscoelastic shaft by frequency-dependent shape function

A reduced-order dynamic model for an unbalanced rotor system is developed, taking the coupling between torsional and lateral vibrations into account. It is assumed that a shaft is regarded as a continuous viscoelastic shaft with unbalanced and small deformation properties. The equations of motion for the torsional and lateral vibrations are derived using Lagrange's approach with the frequency-dependent shape function. The rotor torsional vibration is coupled with the lateral vibrations by unbalance elements in a way of excitations. Simulation and experiment results show clearly that the torsional vibration has strong impact on the rotor lateral vibrations, and it causes subharmonic and superharmonic excitations through unbalance elements, which leads to the superharmonic resonances in the lateral vibrations. This model with low-order and high accuracy is suitable for rotor dynamic analysis in real time simulation as well as for active vibration control syntheses.

Torsional Vibration Analysis of an FR Driveline System

Towing tractor drivelines are lightly damped non-linear systems. Interactions between components can cause dynamic behavors such as gear gap impact in gear transmissions, shuffle and clonk phenomena in driveline. The torsional vibration of driveline has an important effect on grand engineering vehicle vibration and noise. Through analyzing torsional vibration equations of driveline, torsional vibration model of driveline is developed by using Matlab/Simulink software, Shuffle and clonk phenomena are observed in torsional vibration. The modeling method of analysizing driveline torsional vibration can be used to research and improve similar engineering vehicle driveline behavors.

脐带扭转87例临床分析

1997年1月～1998年10月接待分娩总数1320例。发生脐带扭转87例，由于脐带扭转所致胎儿宫内窘迫共34例，占总的胎儿宫内窘迫23．1％。脐带扭转周数＞20周者胎儿宫内窘迫发生率明显高于脐带扭转周数12-20周者，导致前者剖宫产率明显增高。目前，临床尚无特异性诊断方法，对于无原因的胎儿宫内窘迫病人要考虑脐带扭转可能。

从量子跃迁观点对蛋白质折叠速率的统计分析

理解蛋白质折叠速率是探明蛋白质结构和折叠机制物理基础的关键.蛋白质折叠速率的温度依赖关系是当前一个未解决的难题.假定蛋白质折叠是一个分子构象间的量子跃迁,导出了一个蛋白质折叠速率的解析公式.由此公式出发,计算了资料库中二态蛋白质的折叠速率和研究了它们的温度依赖性.从第一性原理出发,对实验给出的16个二态蛋白质折叠速率的非阿列尼乌斯(non-Arrhenius)温度关系给予成功解释,进而预测了这些蛋白质解折叠速率的温度依赖关系.依据量子折叠理论,给出了一个预测二态蛋白质折叠速率的统计公式,用于65个蛋白的资料库,理论和实验比较的相关系数为0.73.此外,理论还给出了与实验结果一致的最大和最小折叠速率估计.

Restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams including shear deformation effects

A first-order torsion theory based on Vlasov theory has been developed to investigate the restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams. The total rotation of the cross section is divided into a free warping rotation and a restrained shear rotation. In first-order torsion theory, St. Venant torque is only related to the free warping rotation and the expression of St. Venant torque is derived by using a semi-inverse method. The relationship between the warping torque and the restrained shear rotation is established by using an energy method. The torsion shear coefficient is then obtained. On the basis of the torsion equilibrium, the governing differential equation of the restrained torsion is derived and the corresponding initial method is given to solve the equation. The relationship between total rotation and flee warping rotation is obtained. A parameter λ, which is associated with the stiffness property of a cross section and the beam length, is introduced to determine the condition, under which the St. Venant constant is negligible. Consequently a simplified theory is derived. Numerical examples are illustrated to validate the current approach and the results of the current theory are compared with those of some other available methods. The results of comparison show that the current theory provides more accurate results, In the example of a channel-shaped cantilever beam, the applicability of the simplified theory is determined by the parameter study of λ.

Stable homotopy classification of A_n^4-polyhedra with 2-torsion free homology

We study the stable homotopy types of F_n^4(2)-polyhedra, i.e.,(n- 1)-connected, at most(n+ 4)-dimensional polyhedra with 2-torsion free homologies. We are able to classify the indecomposable F_n^4(2)-polyhedra. The proof relies on the matrix problem technique which was developed in the classification of representations of algebras and applied to homotopy theory by Baues and Drozd(1999, 2001, 2004).

The Betti Numbers of Real Toric Varieties Associated to Weyl Chambers of Type B

The authors compute the(rational) Betti number of real toric varieties associated to Weyl chambers of type B, and furthermore show that their integral cohomology is p-torsion free for all odd primes p.