Using the new formula of moist available energy (MAE), the value of the MAE’s key terms ofthree heavy rainfall cases in Guangdong province in 1998 was calculated. The energetic aggregation andenergetic discharge are ...Using the new formula of moist available energy (MAE), the value of the MAE’s key terms ofthree heavy rainfall cases in Guangdong province in 1998 was calculated. The energetic aggregation andenergetic discharge are analyzed. It shows that the value of the key terms in the formula appears different featureclearly in the different precipitation period, as well as the function of each term presents in the heavy rain region.展开更多
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) is an extension of the linear singular vector technique in the nonlinear regime.It represents the initial perturbation that is subjected to a given physical constraint,...Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) is an extension of the linear singular vector technique in the nonlinear regime.It represents the initial perturbation that is subjected to a given physical constraint,and results in the largest nonlinear evolution at the prediction time.CNOP-type errors play an important role in the predictability of weather and climate.Generally,when calculating CNOP in a complicated numerical model,we need the gradient of the objective function with respect to the initial perturbations to provide the descent direction for searching the phase space.The adjoint technique is widely used to calculate the gradient of the objective function.However,it is difficult and cumbersome to construct the adjoint model of a complicated numerical model,which imposes a limitation on the application of CNOP.Based on previous research,this study proposes a new ensemble projection algorithm based on singular vector decomposition(SVD).The new algorithm avoids the localization procedure of previous ensemble projection algorithms,and overcomes the uncertainty caused by choosing the localization radius empirically.The new algorithm is applied to calculate the CNOP in an intermediate forecasting model.The results show that the CNOP obtained by the new ensemble-based algorithm can effectively approximate that calculated by the adjoint algorithm,and retains the general spatial characteristics of the latter.Hence,the new SVD-based ensemble projection algorithm proposed in this study is an effective method of approximating the CNOP.展开更多
Let L be a type II1 factor with separable predual and r be a normal faithful tracial state of c~. We first show that the set of subfactors of L with property F, the set of type II1 subfactors of L with similarity prop...Let L be a type II1 factor with separable predual and r be a normal faithful tracial state of c~. We first show that the set of subfactors of L with property F, the set of type II1 subfactors of L with similarity property and the set of all McDuff sub/actors of t are open and closed in the Hausdorff metric d2 induced by the trace norm; then we show that the set of all hyperfinite von Neumann subalgebras of L is closed in d2. We also consider the connection of perturbation of operator algebras under d2 with the fundamental group and the generator problem of type II1 factors. When M is a finite yon Neumann algebra with a normal faithful trace, the set of all von Neumann subalgebras B of M such that B ∪→ M is rigid is closed in the Hausdorff metric d2.展开更多
This paper considers the linear model effected by random disturbance,Y=XB+ε,where [~B_ε]~([^(AΘ)_0],VΣ),and ΘTATX TN XAΘΣ.It gives a definition for general admissible estimator of a linear function SΘ + GB of...This paper considers the linear model effected by random disturbance,Y=XB+ε,where [~B_ε]~([^(AΘ)_0],VΣ),and ΘTATX TN XAΘΣ.It gives a definition for general admissible estimator of a linear function SΘ + GB of random regression coefficients and parameters.The necessary and sufficient conditions for LY and LY + C to be general admissible estimators of SΘ + GB in the class of both homogenous and non-homogenous linear estimators are obtained.The conclusion is not dependent of whether or not SΘ + GB is estimable.展开更多
基金Dedicated Research Fund for Public Interest from the Ministry of Science andTechnology(2002DIA20013)"973" Key Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology (2004CB418305)
文摘Using the new formula of moist available energy (MAE), the value of the MAE’s key terms ofthree heavy rainfall cases in Guangdong province in 1998 was calculated. The energetic aggregation andenergetic discharge are analyzed. It shows that the value of the key terms in the formula appears different featureclearly in the different precipitation period, as well as the function of each term presents in the heavy rain region.
基金jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41176013,41230420 and 41006007)
文摘Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) is an extension of the linear singular vector technique in the nonlinear regime.It represents the initial perturbation that is subjected to a given physical constraint,and results in the largest nonlinear evolution at the prediction time.CNOP-type errors play an important role in the predictability of weather and climate.Generally,when calculating CNOP in a complicated numerical model,we need the gradient of the objective function with respect to the initial perturbations to provide the descent direction for searching the phase space.The adjoint technique is widely used to calculate the gradient of the objective function.However,it is difficult and cumbersome to construct the adjoint model of a complicated numerical model,which imposes a limitation on the application of CNOP.Based on previous research,this study proposes a new ensemble projection algorithm based on singular vector decomposition(SVD).The new algorithm avoids the localization procedure of previous ensemble projection algorithms,and overcomes the uncertainty caused by choosing the localization radius empirically.The new algorithm is applied to calculate the CNOP in an intermediate forecasting model.The results show that the CNOP obtained by the new ensemble-based algorithm can effectively approximate that calculated by the adjoint algorithm,and retains the general spatial characteristics of the latter.Hence,the new SVD-based ensemble projection algorithm proposed in this study is an effective method of approximating the CNOP.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11371222)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2012AM024)
文摘Let L be a type II1 factor with separable predual and r be a normal faithful tracial state of c~. We first show that the set of subfactors of L with property F, the set of type II1 subfactors of L with similarity property and the set of all McDuff sub/actors of t are open and closed in the Hausdorff metric d2 induced by the trace norm; then we show that the set of all hyperfinite von Neumann subalgebras of L is closed in d2. We also consider the connection of perturbation of operator algebras under d2 with the fundamental group and the generator problem of type II1 factors. When M is a finite yon Neumann algebra with a normal faithful trace, the set of all von Neumann subalgebras B of M such that B ∪→ M is rigid is closed in the Hausdorff metric d2.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40574003)
文摘This paper considers the linear model effected by random disturbance,Y=XB+ε,where [~B_ε]~([^(AΘ)_0],VΣ),and ΘTATX TN XAΘΣ.It gives a definition for general admissible estimator of a linear function SΘ + GB of random regression coefficients and parameters.The necessary and sufficient conditions for LY and LY + C to be general admissible estimators of SΘ + GB in the class of both homogenous and non-homogenous linear estimators are obtained.The conclusion is not dependent of whether or not SΘ + GB is estimable.