A new failure mechanism for deep cavity and upper bound solution of supporting pressure

The investigation of supporting pressure is of great significance to the design of underground structures.Based on the kinematical approach of limit analysis,an improved failure mechanism is proposed,and the supporting pressure is investigated for deep buried cavity.Three failure mechanisms are first introduced according to the existing failure mechanisms of geotechnical structures of limit analysis.A comparison with respect to the optimal failure mechanisms and the upper bound solutions provided among these three mechanisms are then conducted in an attempt to obtain the improved failure mechanism.The results provided by the improved failure mechanism are in good agreement with those by the existing method,the numerical solution and field monitoring,which demonstrates that the proposed failure mechanism is effective for the upper bound analysis of supporting pressure.

Livelihood Strategy Change and Land Use Change——Case of Danzam Village in Upper Dadu River Watershed,Tibetan Plateau of China

Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers＇ livelihood strategies and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer, pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms, livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China.

Earthquake Damage Analysis of M_S 4.9 Earthquake at the Juncture of Gaoyou and Baoying, Jiangsu Province

Based on the network monitoring data and field investigations,the basic characteristics of the M S4.9 earthquake at the juncture of Gaoyou and Baoying in Jiangsu Province on July20,2012 have been introduced,and the focal mechanism solutions have also been obtained.According to the regional tectonic features and site macroscopic survey,the occurrence of the earthquake was probably related to the Yangchacang-Sangshutou fault.Based on site survey data,both the evaluation criterion of seismic intensity of this region and the seismic intensity maps have been proposed.According to the damage characteristics of brick-concrete structure and brick-wood structure,the main reasons of serious damage for buildings are poor foundation conditions,low seismic bearing capacity,poor quality of construction and disrepair.Considering the differences of earthquake damage in the different regions,advice on accelerating the new rural construction,improving the resistance against earthquake disasters of rural residential areas and strengthening the seismogenic research on strong and moderate size earthquake is proposed,which will be possibly helpful for earthquake damage survey,prediction and prevention.

组合网壳屋盖整体结构分析

结合某体育馆钢结构屋盖工程,采用了由中部双层网壳和外围单层网壳形成的支承于周边立柱的组合网壳结构。通过整体结构的有限元分析,证明在外荷载作用下,结构整体刚度较好,边界约束方式对其无显著影响,结构的力流方向以沿短跨方向传递为主。双层网壳、单层网壳和外围立柱组合形成协同工作状态。刚度较大的双层网壳对整体结构刚度无明显提高作用,整体结构的刚度取决于双层网壳的下部支承结构。