承压防砂煤(岩)柱下溃水溃砂工作面压架机理及支架阻力确定

新近系、第四系厚松散地层弱富水性含水层下留设防砂煤柱时,由于薄基岩界面倾斜和起伏变化等特殊地质条件,易形成松散含水层保压结构,含水层水压高,导致防砂煤(岩)柱承受高水压冲击,造成突水溃砂事故以及工作面矿压明显增大并压架。运用理论分析的方法,解释了防砂煤(岩)柱承压加大的概念与形成原因,研究了水砂降低摩擦因数和"高水压核"的水压冲击作用对支架阻力增大的影响,推导出工作面支架阻力计算公式。研究表明突水溃砂过程中工作面阻力异常增大主要是由于水砂降低摩擦因数和"高水压核"的水压冲击,得出了不同情况下摩擦因数降低的数值,并依据机械能守恒定律推导得出高水压对工作面支架冲击力的计算公式。以某矿11071工作面为工程实例,计算了工作面支架阻力变化过程,结果表明由于摩擦因数降低与高水压的冲击造成支架载荷额外加大,超出工作面支架最大载荷,验证了溃水溃砂过程中工作面矿压增大的结论,为类似条件工作面提供借鉴。

组合式载压干柱色谱柱

干柱色谱是借助毛细管作用或/和重力作用进行层析的色谱,其色谱柱形式有塑料干柱、尼龙柱[1]、加压玻璃柱[2]、减压干柱[3]和"高分辨制备型组件"(preparative high resolution segment,PHS)[4].因设备简单、分离速度快、展开剂量少、污染小、流动相选择范围广、上样量大、分辨率及色谱行为与TLC相当,干柱色谱曾一度成为实验室常规分离和制备的首选方法.但传统干柱装置具有两大缺陷:第一不可拆装,第二不承载压力.实际应用时,前者造成柱床填装不易和填料取出不便,后者无法使用柱床压缩技术以确保柱床填装密度的均一性,分辨率及柱效的可靠性难以保障,也不能使用小粒径填料以进一步提高柱效,在高效制备型色谱高度商业化的今天,干柱色谱大有趋向淘汰之势.

实体门架墩施工技术方案

主要介绍了保障通行条件下超重实体门架墩施工方法,包括地基处理、门架墩墩柱两侧碗扣支架搭设、承压柱及柱顶系梁施工、贝雷梁支撑体系安装、底模安装、侧板安装、混凝土浇筑施工、落架拆模,克服了现浇过程中荷载重量过于集中,无法实施支架预压,既保证了施工质量,同时为道路安全保通提供保障。

Strength of circular concrete columns under concentric compression

An experimental study, in which six columns were loaded concentrically toinvestigate the behavior of reinforced normal strength and high strength circular columns underconcentric compression, is described. The concrete strengths of the columns were 30 MPa and 60 MPa.The primary variables considered were the concrete strength and the amount of transversereinforcement. Test results indicate that smaller hoop spacing provides higher column capacity andgreater strength enhancement in a confined concrete core of columns. For the same lateralconfinement, high strength concrete columns develop lower strength enhancement than normal strengthconcrete columns. Both the strength enhancement ratio (f'_(cc) /f'_(co)) and the column capacityratio (P_(test)/P_o) were observed to show linear increase variations with rho_s f_(yt)/f'_c incircular columns.

Characteristics of deformation and stress distribution of small coa pillars under leading abutment pressure

Based on the engineering project on a small coal pillar of 12,521 working face roadway in Xieqiao Coalmine, data regarding surface displacements of the coal pillar, deep displacements and mining stress have been collected and analyzed. The results show that macroscopic transverse fractures of the inner coal pillar are developed within 2–4 m of the roadway surface, which is located outside the coal pillar anchorage zone. There is a displacement of 530 mm at the monitoring point in the 6 m deep zone of the pillar. Transfer of the fracture zone is found in a small coal pillar and the fractures within 3–4 m of the coal-rock zone from the roadway surface undergo propagation and closure of cracks which means this fracture zone is transferred from 3–4 m outside the roadway to only 2–3 m from the roadway surface. In the monitoring zone, vertical and horizontal stresses increase with a feature that shows that acceleration in the deep zone of the pillar is greater than that in the shallow zone. Furthermore, the acceleration of vertical stress is also greater than that of horizontal stress with a peak value in the 4 m zone.The research findings provide a reference for the regulation of a reasonable width of coal pillar in coalmines and optimal control design of surrounding rock.

Parametric analysis of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump

Hydrostatic slipper was often used in friction bearing design, allowing improvement of the latter's dynamic behavior. The influence of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump was investigated. A set of lumped parameter mathematical models were developed based on energy conservation law of slipper/ swash plate pair. The results show that thermal equilibrium clearance due to solid thermal deformation periodically changes with shaft rotational angle. The slipper bearing capacity increases dramatically with decreasing thermal equilibrium clearance. In order to improve the slipper bearing capacity, length-to-diameter ratio of fixed damper varies from 3.5 to 8.75 and radius ratio of slipper varies from 1.5 to 2.0. In addition, the higher slipper thermal conductivity is useful to improve slipper bearing capability, but the thermal equilibrium clearance is not compromised.

Trial of small gateroad pillar in top coal caving longwall mining of large mining height

Coal seams in Tashan Mine of Datong Coal Group in China average 15 m thick and have been mined by the top coal caving longwall mining method of large mining height. Mining height was 3.8 m and the top coal caving height was 11.2 m. The gateroad pillar between panels was 38 m. During retreat mining,serious bumps occurred in the gateroads on both sides of the pillar affecting safety production. Therefore,pillarless mining was experimented. Using numerical modeling and comparative study of cases of similar mining condition,it was decided to employ a 6 m wide pillar,rather than the previous 38 m wide pillar.Support system for the gateroads was designed and implemented. During gateroad development,pillar failure conditions and entry deformation were monitored. Hydraulic fracturing method was employed to cut off the K3 sandstone along the entry rib so as to reduce the abutment pressure induced during retreat mining. Support reinforcement method combining grouting and advanced reinforcement methods was proposed to insure stable gateroad ahead of mining. Methane drainage and nitrogen injection were implemented to eliminate hazards associated with mine fire and spontaneous combustion. Since the development of gateroad has just completed,and retreat mining has not begun,the effectiveness of the proposed methods is unknown at this point. However,monitoring will continue until after mining.The results will be published in a separate paper.

Unified bearing capacity model of confined concrete column subjected to axial compression

To better study the behavior of confined concrete, this paper presents the basic hypothesis of uhimate equilibrium of confined concrete and the unified yield criteria of confining material. Based on the static equilibrium condition and yield criteria of components, a unified bearing capacity model of confined concrete column is proposed, and a simplified calculating equation of the model is also given. The model captures the character of confined concrete column. Effects of the confinement effect ratio, the lateral confinement ratio, unconfined concrete strength and the properties of confining material on the bearing capacity of confined concrete column are carefully considered. The model may be applicable to the calculation of bearing capacity of steel-confined concrete, concrete filled steel tube and FRP-confined concrete. The predictions of the model agree well with test data.