涉农财政资源分配体系的重构与村庄治权再造

税费改革后,国家涉农财政资源是采取技术化分配方式输入农村,没有实现向村级治理资源的转化,未起到增强村庄治权的效果。成都市和清远市农村资源分配体系创新实践通过资源整合、组织配套和分配程序创设等体制建设重构了国家涉农财政资源的民主化分配体系。其所内涵的村级组织资源统筹机制、村民利益关联机制和村民民主参与机制实现了村庄治权再造,这对优化国家涉农财政资源分配体系、提升农村基层治理能力具有重要的启示意义。

基层治理转型背景下农民不合作行为的产生及其应对

农民是乡村治理的最终目标群体,农民的态度与行为直接关系到乡村治理过程的顺利展开。然而,农民的不合作已成为困扰当前中国乡村治理的重大问题。与早期的农民不合作行为不同,当前的农民不合作行为表现出不合作行为目标的政府指向、不合作行为主体的扩大化以及不合作行为对乡村秩序的强冲击性等新型特征。国家资源分配的技术化路径是造成农民不合作行为扩大与持续产生的直接原因,此种资源分配方式将农民和发挥协调国家与农民关系作用的村级组织排斥于资源分配的决策与执行体系之外。资源分配的技术化路径是国家为增强资源分配安全性而对基层代理人权力进行控制与约束的结果,这构成当前农民不合作行为扩大与持续产生的深层缘由。要破解这一困境,有必要改变国家资源的分配路径,从代理人权力控制思路转化为组织群众思路,让组织起来的农民成为资源分配的主体。这不仅能起到抑制农民不合作行为的扩大化和持续产生的效果,而且还可以从整体上达到国家资源分配的安全性与有效性目标的平衡。

A novel current-sharing scheme based on magamp

The magamp (magnetic amplifier) is widely used in power supplies due to its low cost, simplicity and other advan-tages. This paper discusses a novel application of the magamp in switching power supplies, where the magamp is used to regulate pulse width modulation (PWM) instead of power signal in the main circuit. This method extends the application of the magamp in power supplies, and makes it possible to further regulate control signal when PWMs have been generated. Based on this applica-tion, a new current-sharing (CS) scheme using the magamp is proposed, which uses a modified inner loop CS structure. In this scheme PWMs are generated by one main controller, and CS is achieved by regulating PWMs using a magamp in each module. Compared with traditional application of the magamp, the new CS scheme can be used in most topologies and only requires magamps of low power capacity. Then a test circuit of parallel power supply is developed, in which CS is achieved by a PWM regulator with the magamp. The proposed scheme is also used to upgrade an electroplate power to make it capable of paralleling supplies. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has good CS performance.

An Improvement of MPEG-4 Rate Control Algorithm

Frame skipping in low bit video coding could significantly reduce the visual quality of reconstructed video. At the same time, if the complexity of the video sequence remains high for a long period, then driving up the long term average bit rate, the only resort of MPEG-4 Q2 rate control algorithm results in using a high quantization scale, which shows a poor visual quality of the reconstructed video. This paper analyzes the main causes of frame skipping in current MPEG-4 frame rate control scheme, and presents a new rate control algorithm based on the quadratic R-D model over a CBR channel. Key features of the present work are: 1) the bits allocated to each P-frame or B-frame are in proportion to its distance from the end of this GOP, i.e. more bits are allocated to the frames that are nearer to their reference Ⅰ-frame; 2) the target buffer level is changeable in the GOP, at the end of each GOP(five P-frames or B-frames), the target buffer level is linearly reduced from 1/2 to 1/4 of buffer size, to other frames, the target buffer level is set to 1/2 of buffer size; 3) a selective and judicious use of the reduced resolution mode, in addition to a modulation of the quantization scale parameter, is to control the average long term bit rate. Experimental results with different video sequences of varied complexity, encoded at low bit rates show better efficacy of the proposed algorithm than MPEG-4 Q2 rate control scheme, and the experimental results also show that the improved algorithm has significantly reduced the number of frame skipping, increased the overall PSNR, and improved the perceptual quality.

Joint channel allocation and power control with fairness in multi-hop cognitive radio networks

This paper investigates channel allocation and cognitive radio networks. The color-sensitive graph power control schemes in OFDM-based multi-hop coloring （CSGC） model is viewed as an efficient solution to the spectrum assignment problem. The model is extended to combine with the power con- trol strategy to avoid interference among secondary users and adapt dynamic topology. The optimiza- tion problem is formulated encompassing the channel allocation and power control with the interfer- ence constrained below a tolerable limit. Meanwhile, the proposed resource allocation scheme takes the fairness of secondary users into account in obtaining the solution of optimization. Numerical re- suits show that the proposed strategy outperforms the existing spectrum assignment algorithms on the performance of both the network throughput and minimum route bandwidth of all routes, as well as the number of connected multi-hop routes which implies the fairness among secondary users.

Technology and Practice of Stabiliing Oil Production and Controlling Water Cut in Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia

In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.

Study on maximum efficiency control strategy for induction motor

Two new techniques for efficiency-optimization control(EOC) of induction motor drives were proposed. The first method combined Loss Model and "golden section technique", which was faster than the available methods. Secondly, the low-frequency ripple torque due to decrease of rotor flux was compensated in a feedforward manner. If load torque or speed command changed, the efficiency search algorithm would be abandoned and the rated flux would be established to get the best transient response. The close agreement between the simulation and the experimental results confirmed the validity and usefulness of the proposed techniques.

A Practical Online Approach to Protecting Kernel Heap Buffers in Kernel Modules

Heap overflow attack is one of the major memory corruption attacks that have become prevalent for decades. To defeat this attack,many protection methods are proposed in recent years. However,most of these existing methods focus on user-level heap overflow detection. Only a few methods are proposed for kernel heap protection. Moreover,all these kernel protection methods need modifying the existing OS kernel so that they may not be adopted in practice. To address this problem,we propose a lightweight virtualization-based solution that can protect the kernel heap buffers allocated for the target kernel modules. The key idea of our approach is to combine the static binary analysis and virtualization technology to trap a memory allocation operation of the target kernel module,and then add one secure canary word to the end of the allocated buffer. After that,a monitor process is launched to check the integrity of the canaries. The evaluations show that our system can detect kernel heap overflow attacks effectively with minimal performance cost.

Rural land use spatial allocation in the semiarid loess hilly area in China:Using a Particle Swarm Optimization model equipped with multi-objective optimization techniques

Semiarid loess hilly areas in China are enduring a series of environmental conflicts between urban expansion,cultivated land conservation,soil erosion and water shortage,and require land use allocation to reconcile these environmental conflicts.We argue that the optimized spatial allocation of rural land use can be achieved by a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model in conjunction with multi-objective optimization techniques.Our study focuses on Yuzhong County of Gangsu Province in China,a typical catchment on the Loess Plateau,and proposes a land use spatial optimization model.The model maximizes land use suitability and spatial compactness based on a variety of constraints,e.g.optimal land use structure and restrictive areas,and employs an improved PSO algorithm equipped with a determinant initialization method and a dynamic weighted aggregation (DWA) method to obtain the optimized land use spatial pattern.The results suggest that (1) approximately 4% of land use should be reallocated and these changes would alleviate the environmental conflicts in the study area;(2) the major reshuffling is slope farmland and newly added construction and cultivated land,whereas the unchanged areas are largely forests and basic farmland;and (3) the PSO is capable of optimizing rural land use allocation,and the determinant initialization method and DWA can improve the performance of the PSO.

A bargaining game theoretic method for virtual resource allocation in LTE-based cellular networks

In this paper, we study the virtual resource(VR) allocation problem in LTE-based wireless network virtualization(WNV). A practical network scenario, where multiple virtual wireless service providers(WSPs)request the VR from a unique mobile network operator(MNO) is considered. Our objective is two folds. The first is to guarantee the minimum rate requirements of the MNO and the WSPs. The second is to distribute the system rate among the MNO and the WSPs in the Pareto optimal manner. To this end, an efficient VR allocation scheme based on bargaining game theory is proposed, and the Nash bargaining solution(NBS) method is used to solve the proposed game problem. The proposed game problem is proved to be a convex optimization problem. By using standard convex optimization method, the global optimal NBS of the game is obtained in closed form. The effectiveness of the proposed VR allocation game is testified through numerical results.