Transgenic animal technology has been one of the fastest growing biotechnology areas. The exogenous genes have been introduced into the animal genome by genetic engineering, so that these genes can be inherited and ex...Transgenic animal technology has been one of the fastest growing biotechnology areas. The exogenous genes have been introduced into the animal genome by genetic engineering, so that these genes can be inherited and expressed by offspring to produce desired traits or evaluate function in elite livestock breeds. There are several methodologies for the production of transgenic animals, i.e., （1） microinjection of genes into pronuclei of fertilized ova; （2） DNA transfer by retroviruses; （3） injection of embryonic germ （EG）/embryonic stem （ES） cells previously treated with foreign DNA; （4） DNA transfer into cells and embryos with using liposomes; （5） exogenous DNA transfer while in vitro fertilization by using sperm; （6） electroporation of DNA into sperm, embryos or ova; （7） biolistics; （8） nuclear transfer （NT） with somatic cells, EG or ES cells; （9） germ line stem cell-mediated; （10） gene targeting; （! 1） gene silencing technology with RNA interference; （12） induced pluripotent stem cell; （13） zinc-finger nuclease gene targeting technology. Gene farming is one of the newest and most promising areas in modern biotechnology. Cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and rabbits are the main farm livestock species and fish is also used in transgenic technology. The question of ＂why make transgenic animals？＂ is very important. Some of the answers to this question are： （1） to obtain new knowledge; （2） to solve the genetic code; （3） to create genetic disease models; （4） to study the genetic control of physiological systems; （5） to improve animal production traits; （6） to produce new animal products. Transgenic technology is one of the main and important tools in the finding solutions to problems of growing population with their applications to different organisms, and takes more attention and interest every day. Transgenic technology creates opportunities and areas to play with organisms to fulfill the demands of people. Because of this, this paper based on mainly transgenic applications to take people＇s attention and exhibit its importance.展开更多
Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) is becoming the research hotspot because it can improve plant nutrientcycling and storage and strengthen plant resistance to adversity and disease. It is well known that ECMcan enhance plant resi...Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) is becoming the research hotspot because it can improve plant nutrientcycling and storage and strengthen plant resistance to adversity and disease. It is well known that ECMcan enhance plant resistance to soil-borne and stem diseases. The mechanisms mainly include: plant tenderroots will be protected well by sheath; ECM can facilitate uptake and transport capacity of nutrition andwater to roots and increase plants vigor; ECM can control or block pathogens to invade trees; ECM canactivate resistance-related enzymes of the hosts; it also can form rhizosphere microbial colony and establishroot-rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. So mycorrhizal technology has become one of the mostimportant methods of ecological control and biological control of plant diseases. This paper summarizesthe application and development of ECM in forest disease control and also raises some ideas on theirtheory and application researches in the future.展开更多
To observe the effects of acupuncture at the follicular phase on ovarian blood supply and pregnancy outcomes in patients who received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embry transfer （IVF/ICSI-E...To observe the effects of acupuncture at the follicular phase on ovarian blood supply and pregnancy outcomes in patients who received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embry transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET） of assisted reproductive technology （ART）. Methods： A total of 169 IVF/ICSI-ET female recipients from the Reproductive Center of Xiehe Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science ＆ Technology were randomized into an observation group （57 cases）, a placebo group （54 cases） and a control group （58 cases）. The observation group received acupuncture during the follicular phase, meanwhile the placebo group received placebo-acupuncture, and the control group did not receive acupuncture. The hemodynamic index, biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of each group were observed, respectively. Results： As to the ovarian arterial hemodynamic index, the pulsatility index （PI）, resistance index （RI）, and the systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity ratio （S/D） of the observation group were （0.819＋0.131）, （0.552＋0.055） and （2.306＋0.512）, respectively, obviously lower than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, but there were no statistically significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （all P〉0.05）. As to the biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate in the observation group was 64.9% and the clinical pregnancy rate was 52.6%, which were significantly higher than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, while there were no significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （both P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture treatment during the follicular phase can improve ovarian blood supply and pregnancy rate in those receiving IVF/ICSI-ET.展开更多
文摘Transgenic animal technology has been one of the fastest growing biotechnology areas. The exogenous genes have been introduced into the animal genome by genetic engineering, so that these genes can be inherited and expressed by offspring to produce desired traits or evaluate function in elite livestock breeds. There are several methodologies for the production of transgenic animals, i.e., （1） microinjection of genes into pronuclei of fertilized ova; （2） DNA transfer by retroviruses; （3） injection of embryonic germ （EG）/embryonic stem （ES） cells previously treated with foreign DNA; （4） DNA transfer into cells and embryos with using liposomes; （5） exogenous DNA transfer while in vitro fertilization by using sperm; （6） electroporation of DNA into sperm, embryos or ova; （7） biolistics; （8） nuclear transfer （NT） with somatic cells, EG or ES cells; （9） germ line stem cell-mediated; （10） gene targeting; （! 1） gene silencing technology with RNA interference; （12） induced pluripotent stem cell; （13） zinc-finger nuclease gene targeting technology. Gene farming is one of the newest and most promising areas in modern biotechnology. Cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and rabbits are the main farm livestock species and fish is also used in transgenic technology. The question of ＂why make transgenic animals？＂ is very important. Some of the answers to this question are： （1） to obtain new knowledge; （2） to solve the genetic code; （3） to create genetic disease models; （4） to study the genetic control of physiological systems; （5） to improve animal production traits; （6） to produce new animal products. Transgenic technology is one of the main and important tools in the finding solutions to problems of growing population with their applications to different organisms, and takes more attention and interest every day. Transgenic technology creates opportunities and areas to play with organisms to fulfill the demands of people. Because of this, this paper based on mainly transgenic applications to take people＇s attention and exhibit its importance.
文摘Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) is becoming the research hotspot because it can improve plant nutrientcycling and storage and strengthen plant resistance to adversity and disease. It is well known that ECMcan enhance plant resistance to soil-borne and stem diseases. The mechanisms mainly include: plant tenderroots will be protected well by sheath; ECM can facilitate uptake and transport capacity of nutrition andwater to roots and increase plants vigor; ECM can control or block pathogens to invade trees; ECM canactivate resistance-related enzymes of the hosts; it also can form rhizosphere microbial colony and establishroot-rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. So mycorrhizal technology has become one of the mostimportant methods of ecological control and biological control of plant diseases. This paper summarizesthe application and development of ECM in forest disease control and also raises some ideas on theirtheory and application researches in the future.
文摘To observe the effects of acupuncture at the follicular phase on ovarian blood supply and pregnancy outcomes in patients who received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embry transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET） of assisted reproductive technology （ART）. Methods： A total of 169 IVF/ICSI-ET female recipients from the Reproductive Center of Xiehe Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science ＆ Technology were randomized into an observation group （57 cases）, a placebo group （54 cases） and a control group （58 cases）. The observation group received acupuncture during the follicular phase, meanwhile the placebo group received placebo-acupuncture, and the control group did not receive acupuncture. The hemodynamic index, biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of each group were observed, respectively. Results： As to the ovarian arterial hemodynamic index, the pulsatility index （PI）, resistance index （RI）, and the systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity ratio （S/D） of the observation group were （0.819＋0.131）, （0.552＋0.055） and （2.306＋0.512）, respectively, obviously lower than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, but there were no statistically significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （all P〉0.05）. As to the biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate in the observation group was 64.9% and the clinical pregnancy rate was 52.6%, which were significantly higher than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, while there were no significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （both P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture treatment during the follicular phase can improve ovarian blood supply and pregnancy rate in those receiving IVF/ICSI-ET.
