Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results r...Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.展开更多
In the era of over communications and hyper concurrency, people are overloaded with the offer of information, ideas, products, and services. Information is easy and unbelievable prompt available all over the world. Cu...In the era of over communications and hyper concurrency, people are overloaded with the offer of information, ideas, products, and services. Information is easy and unbelievable prompt available all over the world. Customers, concurrency, and innovators have immediate access to each other changes in technology, especially those in informatics and technology of communication are transforming the era of informatics to the era of knowledge. The aim of this paper is to make an overview of the most up-to-date novelties in technology, especially those that were enabled by ICT, as well as to direct to some of the potential of the future evolution in business process that is open to the innovations.展开更多
From the knowledge exile of the 19th century, the profile changed towards the political refugee in 1908. French was then recognized as the official language in administration. Iranian migration later took on another d...From the knowledge exile of the 19th century, the profile changed towards the political refugee in 1908. French was then recognized as the official language in administration. Iranian migration later took on another dimension after the 1953 Coup, a politicization that reached a peak with the arrival in Paris of Khomeini on August 2, 1978. In spite of this migratory tradition, about 4,000 persons before the revolution, the majority being from the political and financial elite, these migratory flows amplified in the middle of the 1980s, in such a way that at the end of December 2014, there were 31,000 Iranians in France. This new phase which included four waves, from a sociological point of view, can be called the diasporaisation of Iranian migration. The socio-economic profile goes from the urban elite： lawyers, officials, journalists, teachers, doctors, nurses, magistrates, military officials, company directors, political exiles, etc., to artisans such as shopkeepers, garage owners, building contractors.., and finally from the skilled labourer, on through to unskilled workers in building, restauration or removals,展开更多
The knowledge accumulation through knowledge acquisition and technological learning is a necessary condition for enterprise upgrading in global chains.The knowledge flow obstacle caused by the knowledge barriers is th...The knowledge accumulation through knowledge acquisition and technological learning is a necessary condition for enterprise upgrading in global chains.The knowledge flow obstacle caused by the knowledge barriers is the major reason for low-locked in the global value chain based on the analysis of knowledge flow,where standard is one of the most cmmonly used knowledge barriers.In this regard,a standard strategy based on similar technology development can be adopted to step over knowledge barriers and achieve upgrading.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.13&ZD027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201128,71433008)
文摘Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.
文摘In the era of over communications and hyper concurrency, people are overloaded with the offer of information, ideas, products, and services. Information is easy and unbelievable prompt available all over the world. Customers, concurrency, and innovators have immediate access to each other changes in technology, especially those in informatics and technology of communication are transforming the era of informatics to the era of knowledge. The aim of this paper is to make an overview of the most up-to-date novelties in technology, especially those that were enabled by ICT, as well as to direct to some of the potential of the future evolution in business process that is open to the innovations.
文摘From the knowledge exile of the 19th century, the profile changed towards the political refugee in 1908. French was then recognized as the official language in administration. Iranian migration later took on another dimension after the 1953 Coup, a politicization that reached a peak with the arrival in Paris of Khomeini on August 2, 1978. In spite of this migratory tradition, about 4,000 persons before the revolution, the majority being from the political and financial elite, these migratory flows amplified in the middle of the 1980s, in such a way that at the end of December 2014, there were 31,000 Iranians in France. This new phase which included four waves, from a sociological point of view, can be called the diasporaisation of Iranian migration. The socio-economic profile goes from the urban elite： lawyers, officials, journalists, teachers, doctors, nurses, magistrates, military officials, company directors, political exiles, etc., to artisans such as shopkeepers, garage owners, building contractors.., and finally from the skilled labourer, on through to unskilled workers in building, restauration or removals,
文摘The knowledge accumulation through knowledge acquisition and technological learning is a necessary condition for enterprise upgrading in global chains.The knowledge flow obstacle caused by the knowledge barriers is the major reason for low-locked in the global value chain based on the analysis of knowledge flow,where standard is one of the most cmmonly used knowledge barriers.In this regard,a standard strategy based on similar technology development can be adopted to step over knowledge barriers and achieve upgrading.
