Endocytosis occurs at the cell surface and involves internalization of the plasma membrane （PM） along with its constituent membrane proteins and lipids. Endocytosis is involved in sampling of the extracellular milie...Endocytosis occurs at the cell surface and involves internalization of the plasma membrane （PM） along with its constituent membrane proteins and lipids. Endocytosis is involved in sampling of the extracellular milieu and also serves to regulate various processes initiated at the cell surface. These include nutrient uptake, signaling from cell- surface receptors, and many other processes essential for cell and tissue functioning in metazoans. It is also central to the maintenance of PM lipid and protein homeostasis. There are multiple means of internalization that operate concurrently, at the cell surface. With advancement in high-resolution visualization techniques, it is now possible to track multiple endocytic cargo at the same time, revealing a remarkable diversity of endocytic processes in a single cell. A combination of live cell imaging and efficient genetic manipulations has also aided in understanding the functional hierarchy of molecular players in these mechanisms of internalization. Here we provide an account of various endocytic routes, their mechanisms of operation and occurrence across phyla.展开更多
Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storag...Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storage of Li-ion batteries is widely applied in mobile applications, and the new application for automobile using has been actively developed and partially realized. And the Li-ion battery storage in smart grid systems is also expected. Automobile use and storage use have large market size same as the size of memory semiconductor. For these diverse applications, material research and development are key technologies. From power generation, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are much expected as new technology devices. The business model is important to realize these new devices considering the value compared with the existing methods.展开更多
文摘Endocytosis occurs at the cell surface and involves internalization of the plasma membrane （PM） along with its constituent membrane proteins and lipids. Endocytosis is involved in sampling of the extracellular milieu and also serves to regulate various processes initiated at the cell surface. These include nutrient uptake, signaling from cell- surface receptors, and many other processes essential for cell and tissue functioning in metazoans. It is also central to the maintenance of PM lipid and protein homeostasis. There are multiple means of internalization that operate concurrently, at the cell surface. With advancement in high-resolution visualization techniques, it is now possible to track multiple endocytic cargo at the same time, revealing a remarkable diversity of endocytic processes in a single cell. A combination of live cell imaging and efficient genetic manipulations has also aided in understanding the functional hierarchy of molecular players in these mechanisms of internalization. Here we provide an account of various endocytic routes, their mechanisms of operation and occurrence across phyla.
文摘Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storage of Li-ion batteries is widely applied in mobile applications, and the new application for automobile using has been actively developed and partially realized. And the Li-ion battery storage in smart grid systems is also expected. Automobile use and storage use have large market size same as the size of memory semiconductor. For these diverse applications, material research and development are key technologies. From power generation, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are much expected as new technology devices. The business model is important to realize these new devices considering the value compared with the existing methods.
