In order to solve the problem of modeling product configuration knowledge at the semantic level to successfully implement the mass customization strategy, an approach of ontology-based configuration knowledge modeling...In order to solve the problem of modeling product configuration knowledge at the semantic level to successfully implement the mass customization strategy, an approach of ontology-based configuration knowledge modeling, combining semantic web technologies, was proposed. A general configuration ontology was developed to provide a common concept structure for modeling configuration knowledge and rules of specific product domains. The OWL web ontology language and semantic web rule language （SWRL） were used to formally represent the configuration ontology, domain configuration knowledge and rules to enhance the consistency, maintainability and reusability of all the configuration knowledge. The configuration knowledge modeling of a customizable personal computer family shows that the approach can provide explicit, computerunderstandable knowledge semantics for specific product configuration domains and can efficiently support automatic configuration tasks of complex products.展开更多
A novel vapor-liquid distributor was developed on the basis of sufficient study on the existing distributors applied in hydroprocessing reactors. The cold model test data showed that the fluid distribution performance...A novel vapor-liquid distributor was developed on the basis of sufficient study on the existing distributors applied in hydroprocessing reactors. The cold model test data showed that the fluid distribution performance of the novel vapor-liquid distributor was evidently better than the traditional one. Com- mercial tests of the new distributor were carded out in the 300 kt/a gas oil hydrotreating reactor at SINOPEC Changling Branch Company, showing that the new vapor-liquid distributor could improve the fluid distribution, promote the hydrotreating efficiency and lead to better performance than the traditional one.展开更多
In order to avoid the deep-well oil shale roadway being deformed, damaged, or difficult to maintain after excavating and supporting in Haishiwan coal mine, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the deformed r...In order to avoid the deep-well oil shale roadway being deformed, damaged, or difficult to maintain after excavating and supporting in Haishiwan coal mine, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the deformed roadway and revealed its failure mechanism by taking comprehensively the methods of field geological investigation, displacement monitoring of surrounding rock, rock properties and hydration properties experiments and field application tests. Based on this work, the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting principle is proposed, which is： to ＂resist＂ by high pre-tightening force and high stiff- ness in the early stage, to ＂yield＂ by making use of the controlled deformation of a yielding tube in the middle stage, and to ＂fix＂ by applying total-section Gunite in the later stage. A high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique of ＂high pre-tightening force yielding anchor bolt ＋ small-bore pre-tight- ening force anchor cable ＋ rebar ladder beam ＋ rhombic metal mesh ＋ lagging gunite＂ has been estab- lished, and industrial on site testing implemented. The practical results show that the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique can effectively control the large deformation and long-time rheology of deep-well oil shale roadways and can provide beneficial references for the maintenance of other con-generic roadways.Deep-well Oil shale展开更多
In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the di...In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.展开更多
In the evolution of economic growth drivers, technology gaps are a key variable that determines the efficiency of resource allocation. Analysis of an optimal resource allocation path based on an extended endogenous gr...In the evolution of economic growth drivers, technology gaps are a key variable that determines the efficiency of resource allocation. Analysis of an optimal resource allocation path based on an extended endogenous growth model reveals that economic growth drivers evolve from productive investment to R＆D investment and a shift from imitation to innovation. Empirical analysis based on China＇s provincial-level panel data suggests that the effect of productive investment and R＆D investment, as well as innovation and imitation, on economic growth and technological progress varies greatly among regions of disparate technology levels. As a late-starting country, China should properly allocate resources between productive investment and R＆D investment, and between imitational investment and innovative investment while advancing the transformation of economic growth patterns on a differentiated basis in light of regional technology disparities.展开更多
Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, ...Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.展开更多
This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere i...This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere in the network using fuzzy c-mean classification techniques. In addition, Sections 5 and 6 introduce two different methods for normalizing data and selecting the optimum number of clusters in order to classify data. Results and conclusions are given to show the feasibility for the suggested fault location method. Suggestion for future related research has been provided in Section 8.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70471023).
文摘In order to solve the problem of modeling product configuration knowledge at the semantic level to successfully implement the mass customization strategy, an approach of ontology-based configuration knowledge modeling, combining semantic web technologies, was proposed. A general configuration ontology was developed to provide a common concept structure for modeling configuration knowledge and rules of specific product domains. The OWL web ontology language and semantic web rule language （SWRL） were used to formally represent the configuration ontology, domain configuration knowledge and rules to enhance the consistency, maintainability and reusability of all the configuration knowledge. The configuration knowledge modeling of a customizable personal computer family shows that the approach can provide explicit, computerunderstandable knowledge semantics for specific product configuration domains and can efficiently support automatic configuration tasks of complex products.
文摘A novel vapor-liquid distributor was developed on the basis of sufficient study on the existing distributors applied in hydroprocessing reactors. The cold model test data showed that the fluid distribution performance of the novel vapor-liquid distributor was evidently better than the traditional one. Com- mercial tests of the new distributor were carded out in the 300 kt/a gas oil hydrotreating reactor at SINOPEC Changling Branch Company, showing that the new vapor-liquid distributor could improve the fluid distribution, promote the hydrotreating efficiency and lead to better performance than the traditional one.
基金Financial support for this work, provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51174195)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project of the Jiangsu Province Ordinary University (No. CXZZ12_0954)the Research Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety (No. SKLCRSM08X04)
文摘In order to avoid the deep-well oil shale roadway being deformed, damaged, or difficult to maintain after excavating and supporting in Haishiwan coal mine, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the deformed roadway and revealed its failure mechanism by taking comprehensively the methods of field geological investigation, displacement monitoring of surrounding rock, rock properties and hydration properties experiments and field application tests. Based on this work, the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting principle is proposed, which is： to ＂resist＂ by high pre-tightening force and high stiff- ness in the early stage, to ＂yield＂ by making use of the controlled deformation of a yielding tube in the middle stage, and to ＂fix＂ by applying total-section Gunite in the later stage. A high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique of ＂high pre-tightening force yielding anchor bolt ＋ small-bore pre-tight- ening force anchor cable ＋ rebar ladder beam ＋ rhombic metal mesh ＋ lagging gunite＂ has been estab- lished, and industrial on site testing implemented. The practical results show that the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique can effectively control the large deformation and long-time rheology of deep-well oil shale roadways and can provide beneficial references for the maintenance of other con-generic roadways.Deep-well Oil shale
文摘In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.
文摘In the evolution of economic growth drivers, technology gaps are a key variable that determines the efficiency of resource allocation. Analysis of an optimal resource allocation path based on an extended endogenous growth model reveals that economic growth drivers evolve from productive investment to R＆D investment and a shift from imitation to innovation. Empirical analysis based on China＇s provincial-level panel data suggests that the effect of productive investment and R＆D investment, as well as innovation and imitation, on economic growth and technological progress varies greatly among regions of disparate technology levels. As a late-starting country, China should properly allocate resources between productive investment and R＆D investment, and between imitational investment and innovative investment while advancing the transformation of economic growth patterns on a differentiated basis in light of regional technology disparities.
文摘Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.
文摘This paper studies an existing 13.8 kilovolt distribution network which, serves an oil production field spread over an area of approximately 60 kilometers square, in order to locate any fault that may occur anywhere in the network using fuzzy c-mean classification techniques. In addition, Sections 5 and 6 introduce two different methods for normalizing data and selecting the optimum number of clusters in order to classify data. Results and conclusions are given to show the feasibility for the suggested fault location method. Suggestion for future related research has been provided in Section 8.
