生态马克思主义的技术批判及其当代启示

针对技术异化所导致的一系列生态问题,生态马克思主义主张立足宏观层面,从资本主义条件下的价值、经济、制度和技术四个维度出发,全方位、多层次对造成技术非理性运用的内因进行分析和批判,以此探讨技术发展和生态危机之间关系。生态马克思技术批判思想虽然具有一定的空想性,但其为实现技术发展和生态保护之间的平衡提供了新思路,启示我们要坚持以马克思主义为指导,树立生态道德价值观、构建经济发展新模式、发挥社会主义优越性,最终推动技术的生态化转向。

Modeling and designing for ship steering integrated simulator

The modeling of a ship steering integrated simulator(SSIS)applied to the design,debugging and maintenance of an autopilot is discussed.A nonlinear responsive model is proposed and applied to the design of SSIS.The SSIS generates real signals of the ship heading,the rudder angle,the ship position and the output to the autopilot.A variety of factors,such as ship speed variety,shallow water effect,nonlinearity of yaw and actuator,and environmental disturbances like wind,wave and current are considered carefully.Detailed formulas for calculating relevant parameters are provided.Taken a naval ship as an example,the physical-digital simulations on SSIS and the digital simulation on a Marine System Simulator(MSS)were conducted separately in various sailing conditions.Simulation results show that the simple nonlinear responsive model can be applied to ship motion control and simulation with sufficient accuracy and effectiveness.

Pinch Point Calculations and Its Implications on Robust Distillation Design

Rising energy costs and growing environmental awareness motivate a critical revision of the design of distillation units. Systematic design techniques, such as the rectification body, column profile map, and temperature collocation methods, require exact knowledge of all pinch points in a particular system, because these stationary points delineate the possible composition trajectories realizable in separation columns. This paper demonstrates novel methods for rigorously determining all pinch points for the constant relative volatility, ideal and non-ideal systems. Constant relative volatility and ideal solution systems are transformed into one-dimensional polynomial and nonlinear functions, regardless of the number of the components. A deflation method is proposed to locate all zeros in ideal and non-ideal zeotropic problems. For more challenging non-ideal problems, a novel hybrid sequential niche algorithm is used to solve hard azeotropic problems successfully. Finally, the design implications of these pinch point locations are investigated to show how new separation configurations can be devised. Methodically the paper points out the use of rigorous pinch point computations in conjunction with continuous composition profiles for robust distillation design.

The Repairing of Concrete Walls in Structure for Water Treatment in Thermo Power Plant

As a result of longer term exploitation, exposure to severe weather conditions or influence of chemical conditions, concrete walls of concrete structures get damaged internally as well as externally. This study includes a preliminary analysis of chemically treated water in existing concrete structures, and another after the application of the method and using materials for the structures in future. One of the priorities was to examine the existing concrete structures by using nondestructive and destructive methods. After that, based on the results of the analysis, adequate new materials are proposed for the repairs, most commonly new technology polymer carbonated materials, in order to achieve durability of structure elements in using technological processes. Behavior of the repairing structures was tested using the in situ methods, and especially pull-of test, to verify the adhesion force between the old concrete structures and new applied layer. After the repairing, the concrete structures will be monitored to record the behavior under the chemical treated water.

Wavelet-Based Diffusion Approach for DTI Image Restoration

The Rician noise introduced into the diffusion tensor images （DTIs） can bring serious impacts on tensor calculation and fiber tracking. To decrease the effects of the Rician noise, we propose to consider the wavelet-based diffusion method to denoise multiehannel typed diffusion weighted （DW） images. The presented smoothing strategy, which utilizes anisotropic nonlinear diffusion in wavelet domain, successfully removes noise while preserving both texture and edges. To evaluate quantitatively the efficiency of the presented method in accounting for the Rician noise introduced into the DW images, the peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） and signal-to-mean squared error ratio （SMSE） metrics are adopted. Based on the synthetic and real data, we calculated the ap- parent diffusion coefficient （ADC） and tracked the fibers. We made comparisons between the presented model, the wave shrinkage and regularized nonlinear diffusion smoothing method. All the experiment results prove quantitatively and visually the better performance of the presented filter.