Accurate modeling of spiral bevel and hypoid gear is the foundation of the tooth contact analysis(TCA) technology and error correction technology of the tooth surface,which is the key technology in digitized manufactu...Accurate modeling of spiral bevel and hypoid gear is the foundation of the tooth contact analysis(TCA) technology and error correction technology of the tooth surface,which is the key technology in digitized manufacturing. This paper summarized the related achievements and divided the methods of modeling spiral bevel and hypoid gear into three categories,including modeling by discrete points on the tooth surface,curve fitting,and simulation machining,and generalized the main steps and the key ideas of each method. At the same time,this paper analyzed the problems and inadequacies existing in the process of model design. Three directions were proposed for modeling of spiral bevel and hypoid gear in the future,that are more accuracy,more efficiency and more flexibility. The paper provides some methods that make the design and machining of spiral bevel and hypoid gear faster and more accurately.在弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的数字化制造中,精确模型是其关键技术—齿面接触分析技术(TCA)和齿面误差修正技术的基础。总结和归纳了近些年来国内外相关研究成果,将弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的模型设计方法分成离散点、曲线拟合、仿真加工模型设计3种类型,并概括了其关键思想与步骤。同时,分析了模型设计过程中存在的一些问题与不足,整合先进方法和思想,对未来弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮模型设计研究提出了高精度、高效率、高柔性3个发展方向,为弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮更加快捷精确地设计和加工提供了参考。展开更多
In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction ...In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power's〉solid to liquid ratio's〉extraction time's〉 ethanol concentration's. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows: extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1:17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.展开更多
The mechanism of ground vibration in building demolition blasting was investigated,taking into account the prevailing influential factors, including the building's heightof mass center, the quantity size, the stru...The mechanism of ground vibration in building demolition blasting was investigated,taking into account the prevailing influential factors, including the building's heightof mass center, the quantity size, the structural feature, the component material quantity,the demolition method, the geological structure of the region, earthquake resistance rank,as well as the earthquake wave dissemination.The proposed method was applied efficientlyto reduce the blasting effects on the environment, which enriches the control theoriesof vibration caused by collapse in the blasting process and may provide a good referencefor the related engineering practices.展开更多
Landsat satellite images were used to map and monitor the snow-covered areas of four glaciers with different aspects(Passu: 36.473°N, 74.766°E;Momhil: 36.394°N, 75.085°E; Trivor: 36.249°N,74.9...Landsat satellite images were used to map and monitor the snow-covered areas of four glaciers with different aspects(Passu: 36.473°N, 74.766°E;Momhil: 36.394°N, 75.085°E; Trivor: 36.249°N,74.968°E; and Kunyang: 36.083°N, 75.288°E) in the upper Indus basin, northern Pakistan, from 1990-2014. The snow-covered areas of the selected glaciers were identified and classified using supervised and rule-based image analysis techniques in three different seasons. Accuracy assessment of the classified images indicated that the supervised classification technique performed slightly better than the rule-based technique. Snow-covered areas on the selected glaciers were generally reduced during the study period but at different rates. Glaciers reached maximum areal snow coverage in winter and premonsoon seasons and minimum areal snow coverage in monsoon seasons, with the lowest snow-covered area occurring in August and September. The snowcovered area on Passu glacier decreased by 24.50%,3.15% and 11.25% in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Similarly, the other three glaciers showed notable decreases in snow-covered area during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons; however, no clear changes were observed during monsoon seasons. During pre-monsoon seasons, the eastward-facing glacier lost comparatively more snow-covered area than the westward-facing glacier. The average seasonal glacier surface temperature calculated from the Landsat thermal band showed negative correlations of-0.67,-0.89,-0.75 and-0.77 with the average seasonal snowcovered areas of the Passu, Momhil, Trivor and Kunyang glaciers, respectively, during pre-monsoon seasons. Similarly, the air temperature collected from a nearby meteorological station showed an increasing trend, indicating that the snow-covered area reduction in the region was largely due to climate warming.展开更多
Corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy under NaCl particle deposition condition was investigated by gravimetric method and surface analysis technique.It was found that the mass gain increased rapidly at the beginn...Corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy under NaCl particle deposition condition was investigated by gravimetric method and surface analysis technique.It was found that the mass gain increased rapidly at the beginning of exposure and then slowly with time.The corrosion morphologies were observed and the results showed that NaCl deposition resulted in the occurrence of localized corrosion.The composition of corrosion product was analyzed using X-ray photo electron spectroscopy.It was suggested that the corrosion product was a mixture of oxide and hydroxide of magnesium and aluminum.展开更多
Wetlands are among the world's most productive environment. They are cradles of bio-diversity, providing the water and primary productivity upon which large numbers of plant and animal species depend for survival. Un...Wetlands are among the world's most productive environment. They are cradles of bio-diversity, providing the water and primary productivity upon which large numbers of plant and animal species depend for survival. Unfortunately, they are also among the world's most threatened ecosystems, owing mainly to continued drainage, urbanization, pollution, over-exploitation or other unsustainable uses of their resources. The lack of baseline wetland inventory and limited accessibility to the available ones have been identified as major limitations for sustainable use and management of wetland resources. This study therefore utilized multispectral remote sensing data and global positioning system (GPS) for mapping and assessing the spatial pattern of wetlands, particularly the cultivated ones. The images were processed using ILWIS 3.2 Academic. The combined digital image processing and visual image interpretation were used to identify and segment wetlands in the image data. The coordinates of all identified wetlands and various anthropogenic activities on them were taken using GPS. Questionnaire forms were designed and randomly administered on the households residing around the wetland areas to enable the study to assess the anthropogenic factors, which are capable of destroying the ecosystem. The result indicated that the original size of wetlands in the study area has been modified as there has been reduction in their area extent. Various anthropogenic factors such as, the conversion of wetlands to agricultural, residential and commercial land uses were majorly responsible for the modification. In conclusion, remote sensing data and GIS technology were found useful in mapping and assessing wetlands for sustainable use.展开更多
Many sludge curing technologies often have problems like long curing time,high cost,and low efficiency in the condition of low temperature,The compressive strength,moisture content and temperature are defined as the c...Many sludge curing technologies often have problems like long curing time,high cost,and low efficiency in the condition of low temperature,The compressive strength,moisture content and temperature are defined as the constraint conditions,and solidified cost,pH,COD,NH4+-N concentration are defined as the objective functions.The response surface analysis is used to obtain a variety of response expressions of factors,and the multi-objective optimization model of fast-solidification sludge is established.Then,the curing agent formulas are optimized.After three-day conserving,the curing sludge could meet the landfill conditions.展开更多
基金Project supported of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50965017)
文摘Accurate modeling of spiral bevel and hypoid gear is the foundation of the tooth contact analysis(TCA) technology and error correction technology of the tooth surface,which is the key technology in digitized manufacturing. This paper summarized the related achievements and divided the methods of modeling spiral bevel and hypoid gear into three categories,including modeling by discrete points on the tooth surface,curve fitting,and simulation machining,and generalized the main steps and the key ideas of each method. At the same time,this paper analyzed the problems and inadequacies existing in the process of model design. Three directions were proposed for modeling of spiral bevel and hypoid gear in the future,that are more accuracy,more efficiency and more flexibility. The paper provides some methods that make the design and machining of spiral bevel and hypoid gear faster and more accurately.在弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的数字化制造中,精确模型是其关键技术—齿面接触分析技术(TCA)和齿面误差修正技术的基础。总结和归纳了近些年来国内外相关研究成果,将弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的模型设计方法分成离散点、曲线拟合、仿真加工模型设计3种类型,并概括了其关键思想与步骤。同时,分析了模型设计过程中存在的一些问题与不足,整合先进方法和思想,对未来弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮模型设计研究提出了高精度、高效率、高柔性3个发展方向,为弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮更加快捷精确地设计和加工提供了参考。
基金Supported by Open Funds for Innovation Platforms of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(15K066)National College Students'Innovative Entrepreneuria Training Program(201510553003)Research Study and Innovative Experiment Plan Project for College Students in Hunan Province(2015-499)~~
文摘In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power's〉solid to liquid ratio's〉extraction time's〉 ethanol concentration's. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows: extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1:17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.
文摘The mechanism of ground vibration in building demolition blasting was investigated,taking into account the prevailing influential factors, including the building's heightof mass center, the quantity size, the structural feature, the component material quantity,the demolition method, the geological structure of the region, earthquake resistance rank,as well as the earthquake wave dissemination.The proposed method was applied efficientlyto reduce the blasting effects on the environment, which enriches the control theoriesof vibration caused by collapse in the blasting process and may provide a good referencefor the related engineering practices.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41421061, 41630754)Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-G03-04)the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(SKLCS-ZZ-2017)
文摘Landsat satellite images were used to map and monitor the snow-covered areas of four glaciers with different aspects(Passu: 36.473°N, 74.766°E;Momhil: 36.394°N, 75.085°E; Trivor: 36.249°N,74.968°E; and Kunyang: 36.083°N, 75.288°E) in the upper Indus basin, northern Pakistan, from 1990-2014. The snow-covered areas of the selected glaciers were identified and classified using supervised and rule-based image analysis techniques in three different seasons. Accuracy assessment of the classified images indicated that the supervised classification technique performed slightly better than the rule-based technique. Snow-covered areas on the selected glaciers were generally reduced during the study period but at different rates. Glaciers reached maximum areal snow coverage in winter and premonsoon seasons and minimum areal snow coverage in monsoon seasons, with the lowest snow-covered area occurring in August and September. The snowcovered area on Passu glacier decreased by 24.50%,3.15% and 11.25% in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Similarly, the other three glaciers showed notable decreases in snow-covered area during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons; however, no clear changes were observed during monsoon seasons. During pre-monsoon seasons, the eastward-facing glacier lost comparatively more snow-covered area than the westward-facing glacier. The average seasonal glacier surface temperature calculated from the Landsat thermal band showed negative correlations of-0.67,-0.89,-0.75 and-0.77 with the average seasonal snowcovered areas of the Passu, Momhil, Trivor and Kunyang glaciers, respectively, during pre-monsoon seasons. Similarly, the air temperature collected from a nearby meteorological station showed an increasing trend, indicating that the snow-covered area reduction in the region was largely due to climate warming.
基金Projects(50671005,50971093)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007CB613705)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy under NaCl particle deposition condition was investigated by gravimetric method and surface analysis technique.It was found that the mass gain increased rapidly at the beginning of exposure and then slowly with time.The corrosion morphologies were observed and the results showed that NaCl deposition resulted in the occurrence of localized corrosion.The composition of corrosion product was analyzed using X-ray photo electron spectroscopy.It was suggested that the corrosion product was a mixture of oxide and hydroxide of magnesium and aluminum.
文摘Wetlands are among the world's most productive environment. They are cradles of bio-diversity, providing the water and primary productivity upon which large numbers of plant and animal species depend for survival. Unfortunately, they are also among the world's most threatened ecosystems, owing mainly to continued drainage, urbanization, pollution, over-exploitation or other unsustainable uses of their resources. The lack of baseline wetland inventory and limited accessibility to the available ones have been identified as major limitations for sustainable use and management of wetland resources. This study therefore utilized multispectral remote sensing data and global positioning system (GPS) for mapping and assessing the spatial pattern of wetlands, particularly the cultivated ones. The images were processed using ILWIS 3.2 Academic. The combined digital image processing and visual image interpretation were used to identify and segment wetlands in the image data. The coordinates of all identified wetlands and various anthropogenic activities on them were taken using GPS. Questionnaire forms were designed and randomly administered on the households residing around the wetland areas to enable the study to assess the anthropogenic factors, which are capable of destroying the ecosystem. The result indicated that the original size of wetlands in the study area has been modified as there has been reduction in their area extent. Various anthropogenic factors such as, the conversion of wetlands to agricultural, residential and commercial land uses were majorly responsible for the modification. In conclusion, remote sensing data and GIS technology were found useful in mapping and assessing wetlands for sustainable use.
基金Project(2009ZX07315-005) supported by the National Water Pollution Controlled and Treatment Great Special Fund of China
文摘Many sludge curing technologies often have problems like long curing time,high cost,and low efficiency in the condition of low temperature,The compressive strength,moisture content and temperature are defined as the constraint conditions,and solidified cost,pH,COD,NH4+-N concentration are defined as the objective functions.The response surface analysis is used to obtain a variety of response expressions of factors,and the multi-objective optimization model of fast-solidification sludge is established.Then,the curing agent formulas are optimized.After three-day conserving,the curing sludge could meet the landfill conditions.